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57 pages 1 hour read

Jon Krakauer

Where Men Win Glory: The Odyssey of Pat Tillman

Nonfiction | Biography | Adult | Published in 2009

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Themes

The Relationship Between Violence and Masculinity

The violence in Where Men Win Glory occurs in different contexts and countries, but Krakauer always draws comparisons between them, often bringing the discussion back to different cultures’ overlapping masculine ideals. Growing up, Tillman’s masculinity is nurtured by his father, who admires aggressiveness and bravery. The brutal fight that almost ruins Tillman’s future is a byproduct of these values, although it also spurs Tillman to mature.

Krakauer highlights the parallels between the masculinity values of Afghanistan’s Pashtun ethnic group and those of the United States. Tillman’s All-American roots spur him to join the National Football League, where his intensity and aggressiveness is greatly rewarded and encouraged. Young men living in the desperate, isolated environment of post-Soviet-occupied Afghanistan are similarly rewarded for their aggressiveness and intensity. Both cases lead to violence, but the reasons for the actual war are still suspect, both to Krakauer and to Tillman himself.

Both on the football field and on the battlefield, Tillman’s estimation of himself as a man is related to his ability to dole out violence to others. It is worth noting that football and war are two of the only environments where it is socially acceptable in American culture to behave in a violent manner, and Tillman eagerly embraces both. This does not mean that Tillman is a misanthropic individual who delights in hurting others. Rather, he is the product of both his father’s well-meaning yet narrow ideas about masculinity and an American culture that associates masculinity with violence, as long as the violence is contained within a certain acceptable context. Moreover, Tillman’s journal reflects a dramatic arc of growth away from these simplistic yet pervasive masculine ideals and toward a more enlightened identity that better suits his nonconformist views.

US Military Incompetence and Media Manipulation

One of the main themes explored in the book is the manipulation of the war’s public perception by the U.S. government by way of the media. For the first time in U.S. history, billions of dollars were put into offices solely devoted to manufacturing specified propaganda to mold public opinion in support of the War on Terror. Much of this media spin involved blatantly lying about what troops experienced in Iraq and Afghanistan. The reason these lies seemed necessary to the Bush administration is that the U.S. military’s incompetence continued making grave blunders in the field, resulting in senseless deaths of their own troops. Troops repeatedly could not communicate with each other in dangerous battle situations. Out of fear and the hyper-masculine aggression explored in the previous theme, American troops were reported by other countries as macho and trigger-happy. Their inability to follow protocol resulted in disastrous friendly fire incidents.

In turn, the Bush administration’s focus on fighting the war in the media exacerbated its incompetence on the battlefield. For example, at the pivotal moment when troops closed in on bin Laden in Tora Bora, Pentagon officials led by Donald Rumsfeld were occupied with manipulating early successes in Afghanistan to justify an invasion of Iraq. Given that the War in Afghanistan had already receded somewhat from the public imagination by that point, the Bush administration was satisfied to divert its material, strategic, and diplomatic energies away from that conflict. That this happened at the precise moment when the U.S. closed in on accomplishing its chief stated goal of the Afghan engagement—capturing bin Laden—calls into question the motives behind a bloody and disastrous conflict that still persists almost two decades later.

Miscommunication on Macro and Micro Scales

Building on the dishonesty and manipulation of information explored in the previous theme, miscommunications happen on larger and smaller scales throughout the book. Sometimes this “miscommunication” comes across as blatant lies by the government to cover up Tillman’s death. Often, it manifests as a simple prioritization of information. This is displayed in orders being passed down the chain-of-command from bureaucratic and politically-minded sources. Because of the arbitrary standards set by Rumsfeld in the molding of the War on Terror, orders were communicated to the troops with no or little awareness of the actual risks for them on the ground. Once they entered dangerous situations due to these orders, miscommunications prevailed on the micro scale, through troops’ radios being impossibly jammed with too many soldiers panicking and trying to relay communications.

These micro miscommunications between the troops, though more utilitarian, are in ways echoes of the macro issues passed down from the Bush administration’s handling of the wartime situations they’ve pursued in Iraq and Afghanistan. 

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