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38 pages 1 hour read

Ernest Hemingway

To Have And Have Not

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1937

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Chapters 15-17Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary

Inside Freddy’s bar, three tourists—two men and a woman—are having drinks. They resemble and act like tourists, which angers Harry when he enters, and he tells the woman to “shut up, you whore” (130). Freddy is the only one who stands up for the woman; the two men with her remain silent.

Bee-lips has brought the front money for Freddy’s boat, but he takes a cut of it as his “commission” (131). Harry offers his car and radio as the remainder of the collateral, and Freddy, though he is still hesitant to let Harry borrow his boat, agrees to the deal. As Freddy moves back inside the bar to take care of the tourists, Harry lays out the plans for Bee-lips to deliver to the Cubans: He wants them to “take him by force” (132) to create the illusion of his innocence. Bee-lips confirms that the bank robbery is scheduled to take place as expected, and both men re-enter the bar from the back room.

Back in the bar, the woman’s husband is angry at the insult towards his wife. He confronts Harry, who ignores him and walks out. The woman is initially offended but thinks that Harry is “beautiful” with a “Genghis Khan” face (136). Her husband, a writer named Laughton, laments how “strange” (135) this town is after speaking with Professor MacWalsey, an economics professor on a long sabbatical in Key West. Richard and Helen Gordon, two more tourists wearing traditional country club attire, enter and begin drinking expensive liquor with the Laughtons—a fact that thrills Freddy to no end. Both couples poke fun at the local millionaire couple, the Bradleys, for Helene Bradley’s well-known engagement with multiple sexual partners. As the group goes their separate ways, the happy façade falls apart, and Richard and Helen Gordon both intimate that they would rather be elsewhere with different people instead of one another.

Chapter 16 Summary

Harry drives down to the dock and prepares Freddy’s boat for the getaway trip to Cuba. The first to be loaded—the semi-automatic weapon—goes directly under the cockpit where it is easily accessible. New engine plugs and fresh gas follow, and as Harry finishes, he looks up to see Albert on the dock. Albert recently had his hours cut by the government and begs Harry to take him onboard for the trip, and Harry acquiesces. He sends Albert to get some bait and ice in an attempt to continue the illusion that this is just an innocent fishing trip. As Albert leaves on these errands, Harry looks down the road at the First State Trust and Savings Bank for a moment before turning away and walking back to Freddy’s bar.

Chapter 17 Summary

At the bar, Harry questions his own conscience. While he wants to tell Freddy the truth, he knows Freddy “would not stand for it” (147), and the thought troubles Harry. He contemplates staying at the bar and not going through with the trip, but then he considers his family and their financial need. He begins questioning many things about his life: his self-worth, his manhood, and his provision for his family though he has a disability. Finally, he asks Freddy for a few bottles of Bacardi and walks out towards his destiny. As he leaves, the omniscient narration shifts its perspective to the street: Richard Gordon walks towards Mrs. Bradley’s house, presumably for an assignation, while his wife walks along the beach dreaming of Professor MacWalsey.

Chapters 15-17 Analysis

The first true sight of the “Haves” in their natural habitat proves that appearances are not what they seem. Though the Gordons outwardly present a happy couple, money can’t fix their problems. Richard’s complacent attitude as a writer has inflated his self-importance, and Helen would prefer a partner who understands her better—Professor MacWalsey. Richard’s anger reflects his double standard, as he is sleeping with Helene Bradley. This commonplace acceptance of trading lovers amongst the “Haves” symbolizes a simmering unrest beneath the surface.

Harry’s preparation of the firearms foreshadows danger. Like in the first trip with Mr. Sing, Harry is prepared to take lethal action for survival. The guns are not for self-defense; they are weapons to secure control. Regardless of these preparations, Harry remains conflicted about transporting the Cuban militants. It is a situation of necessity, however, as he believes he is physically and mentally worthless to his family.

Harry’s moral virtue is tied inextricably to his sense of manhood. His hesitation to complete the trip calls his masculinity into question: If the only thing he can do with one arm is maneuver a boat wheel, then there is no question to be answered; Harry feels the disability nullifies his masculinity. Though he doesn’t see the trip as a desperate act, it is in fact a last-ditch attempt to be useful in a world that has made him feel useless. Harry feels emasculated by two governments—the Cuban one who took his arm and the American one who took his boat—and this dangerous trip is the only opportunity for Harry to regain his sense of self-worth.

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