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55 pages 1 hour read

Ruthanne Lum McCunn

Thousand Pieces of Gold

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1981

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “1890-1894”

Part 4, Chapter 19 Summary

A picture of a woman in a long black dress precedes this chapter.

Fifteen years after Charlie won Polly’s freedom from Hong King, Polly now runs a boarding house. Charlie has changed his saloon into a dance hall, and the two are preparing for an upcoming dance. Everyone in town converges on the dance hall to celebrate the New Year.

During the celebration, Polly overhears some Chinese residents talking about an increase in discrimination and violence toward Chinese people in America. Charlie has also been worried about this increase of violence, and, while nothing has happened in Warrens yet, many of the Chinese residents are worried.

At the dance, Polly sees her best friend Bertha. As Polly dotes on some children, she hears someone saying racist remarks about Chinese people, and she suddenly realizes she is the only Chinese person in the dance hall. The realization makes her feel extremely lonely.

Upset, Polly goes outside to her “special place” near the cemetery to reflect on her lack of belonging. She doesn’t feel like she belongs with the white people of Warrens or with the Chinese residents. Charlie follows her, and the two chat. Polly tells him she feels torn between the two cultures, likening it to a monkey walking on a tightrope until it falls.

Part 4, Chapter 20 Summary

As Polly and her good friend Bertha prepare to go nurse a sick child, Mary Dawson, the two chat. Bertha encourages Polly to leave Warrens to buy a ranch that she can farm on since she’s so good at working with soil, but Polly insists that it’s too cold to farm and that Charlie likes Warrens too much.

At Mary Dawson’s home, Polly dotes on and encourages the girl to drink some herb tea she has concocted. As Mary goes to sleep, Polly reflects on how peaceful she finds the winter. She hears hoofbeats, and then Bertha comes in to tell her that Charlie has been shot.

Part 4, Chapter 21 Summary

Stunned by news of Charlie’s injury, Polly races to be with him. She learns that he was shot in his saloon by Johnny Cox. Johnny had lost money the night before, and Charlie refused to let him gamble more until he was more sober. Johnny shot Charlie while he was taking a nap. The sheriff goes after Johnny, but many people assume that Charlie’s injury will be fatal.

When Polly arrives at the saloon, she sees Charlie and assumes he’s dead, based on the amount of blood at the scene and his pallor. However, she hears him breathing and is relieved to see that he is still alive. Polly wants to move Charlie to their home, but he says he doesn’t have time and that he wants to marry her. Polly insists that Charlie will get better.

Realizing that the doctor who’s on the way will not arrive in time to save Charlie, Polly decides to attempt to remove the bullet in his head herself. After giving Charlie alcohol, she attempts to use a crochet needle to fish out the bullet. She’s unable to find the bullet, but she packs the wound with herbs and cloth.

The doctor finally arrives and gets the majority of the bullet out, but some fragments remain. He tells Polly that Charlie will most likely die of blood poisoning as a result of the leftover fragments. Polly begs him to continue searching for the bullet, but he refuses, saying that it is too dangerous. As he leaves, Polly insists that Charlie will survive.

Part 4, Chapter 22 Summary

Three weeks after the shooting, Charlie’s wound has not healed, and Polly smells the scent of death in the air. She learns that Johnny has been arrested for the shooting, but it does not alleviate her concern over Charlie’s health. Polly discusses what to do with Bertha, and Bertha reminds her that the bullet could have moved to a different part of Charlie’s body, and she encourages Polly to feel for it. She reminds Polly of her strength and the hardships she’s already overcome, encouraging her to fight with the same passion for Charlie’s life.

Bertha helps Polly turn Charlie over, and they feel around the back of Charlie’s head for a bullet. Polly feels a lump but is unsure if it is the bullet or a bone. She decides to cut into the lump to find out. Polly uses a razor to cut into Charlie’s head and fishes around with her hand, eventually pulling the bullet fragment out. Polly comforts Charlie, promising him that he will get better now.

Part 4, Chapter 23 Summary

Charlie has recovered from his injury, but he appears to be worrying about something. When Polly asks him what is wrong, he tells her he has not forgotten about asking her to marry him. He explains that if they get married, they can have children, which Polly scoffs at, saying she is too old. Polly explains that she doesn’t want children, which Charlie struggles to believe. Polly then argues that, if they marry, Charlie will be treated like a man with an Indigenous wife, and he will not be welcomed by white people or by Indigenous people. Charlie argues that Warrens is safe and that no Chinese person has been hurt by the white people in town. He reminds Polly that he will protect her and their children. Polly responds that, while she believes him, her father also tried to protect her but failed.

Part 4, Chapter 24 Summary

While taking pictures of Bertha’s young family, Li Dick, a Chinese healer in town, reminds Polly that she has broken the new law that requires Chinese workers to register or they will be deported. Polly explains that she hasn’t registered because she would have to admit she was smuggled in, which would result in her deportation. She has decided to continue living the way she’s been living because the chances of someone finding her are very slim. Li Dick encourages her to marry Charlie, so she’ll be protected from deportation.

Suddenly, Charlie comes knocking on the door to tell Li Dick that a Chinese man, who’s new in town, has been accused of stealing some boots from a white resident. The Chinese man is now missing from the jail after some white men took him out of jail to scare him. Everyone decides to go look for the missing Chinese man, and they eventually split up to cover more ground. As Polly walks alone, she eventually finds the missing Chinese man hanged in a tree.

Part 4, Chapter 25 Summary

Following her discovery of the missing Chinese man, Polly has nightmares about his dead body. Trying to make Polly feel better, Charlie takes her on a trip. He takes her to Salmon Canyon, which is 18 miles away from Warrens. She is impressed and besotted by the wildlife, nature, and river.

Charlie asks her to marry him again, citing the new law and how marriage could make Polly’s life in the United States more secure. He tells her that they could start a new life in Salmon Canyon. Polly insists that they cannot have children if they get married. Charlie acquiesces, and Polly happily agrees to marry him.

Part 4 Analysis

Polly’s strength and fierce independence is tested by Charlie’s injury, and she must rely on Bertha to remind her of her power and agency. When Charlie continues to struggle with his infected gunshot wound, Bertha encourages Polly to continue fighting for his life:

Polly, you were only a girl when your father sold you, but you were strong. Strong enough to cross the ocean to a new world. Strong enough to forge a new life for yourself. Aren’t you strong enough to keep fighting for the life of the man you love (131).

Because of Bertha’s words, Polly decides to perform exploratory surgery on Charlie’s head, leading to her finding the bullet fragments. Without the help of Bertha, who is a part of Polly’s found family in Warrens, Charlie would have died. In this way, Bertha’s role as a pseudo-sister helps heal The Burden and Pain of Family Betrayal Polly experienced as a child.

Still, Charlie’s gunshot is the result of gambling. Charlie becomes the third man in Polly’s life to be hurt or destroyed by gambling, following both Nathoy and Hong King. In this way, Polly’s trauma is felt long after she is separated from her family.

Additionally, Polly and Charlie’s relationship changes due to his gunshot injury. When Charlie thinks he’s dying, he asks Polly to marry him. While she assumes that he is asking her because he thinks he is going to die, he asks her again when he has healed, implying that his desire to marry her is sincere. However, Polly refuses primarily because she doesn’t want to have children. She hints that she doesn’t believe that Charlie would be able to protect her and the children: “I know you try. Just like my father try. But he not save me from the bandits” (138). This is one of the rare times Polly compares Charlie to her father, and she does it within the patriarchal structure of marriage and the creation of a nuclear family. Polly doesn’t want her children to ever have similar experiences, and she doubts Charlie can fully protect them, just as her father couldn’t protect her. In this way, she rejects The Shortcomings of the American Dream and embraces her own version of happiness within the realistic constraints of society.

Polly also doesn’t want to be subjected to the structure and the gender expectations that marriage offers, thematically supporting Gender Expectations and the Quest for Agency. Polly has persevered despite the trauma she has endured and doesn’t want to succumb to the same system that enslaved and abused her. However, she does accept his offer when he agrees to not have children and to move to Salmon Creek, a place where she can garden. By not having children and returning to gardening—something she did in China to demonstrate her independence—Polly feels secure in her identity and agency and allows herself to find joy and happiness within this unique marriage with Charlie.

When a Chinese man goes missing in town after being accused of stealing a pair of boots from a white man, Polly is the one to discover his body. She finds the man hanged in a tree, and the scene is reminiscent of the lynching of Black Americans in the same time period. Polly has violent nightmares following this incident:

And then, without warning, a branch snapped, knocking her off balance. She fell. The bark peeled off the branch, and she found herself staring into eyes, red and bulging, in a face swollen black, the tongue, distended, choking off a silent scream (144).

Seeing the hanged Chinese man in Warrens conveys to Polly that her sense of belonging in the predominantly white community is at risk. In fact, she spends most of Part 4 in the novel realizing she doesn’t feel like she belongs in Warrens, especially with the increasing threat of Anti-Asian laws and discriminatory practices. Moving to Salmon Creek with Charlie will allow her to escape this foreboding threat, allowing her a sense of freedom and peace.

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