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48 pages 1 hour read

Jeffrey Eugenides

The Virgin Suicides

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1993

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Chapter 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4, Pages 137-153 Summary

After Mrs. Lisbon put the house in full lockdown, all that the boys could see from the outside were the “incarcerated shadows” of the Lisbon girls. Clouds always seemed to linger above the Lisbon home, and the sun never seemed to reach it anymore. The girls were taken out of school, and all their belongings were left in their lockers, including a drawing of Mary’s of a girl being crushed under a boulder. Mr. Lisbon acted unaware of their absence, and when the boys interviewed Mrs. Lisbon years later, she explained that she made what she thought was the best decision for their daughters, considering their grief and their increasing exposure to teen boys.

Mrs. Lisbon forced Lux to destroy all her rock records, dramatically having Lux hand them to her one by one to throw in a fire. When Mrs. Lisbon realized that the plastic smell was horrible, she decided to throw the rest away with the garbage. Mr. Lisbon went to work, and the family attended church, but aside from that they were almost never seen. This changed when Lux was spotted having sex with various boys and men, each night a new person, on the roof of the Lisbon home.

The grown boys look back and wonder how and why Lux chose such a risky location, and they admit that even now, when they make love to anyone else, they imagine Lux on the roof. Boys who went into the home to meet Lux described how the house was filled with old food and was an overall mess. Lux was thinner than before and showing signs of illness like cold sores and bald patches. While she always seemed eager to make love, her mind always seemed to be elsewhere during the act. Nevertheless, she was always vigilant about contraception and almost seemed to see it all as a chore.

When winter came, Lux became ill and was taken to the hospital. She wore strawberry-flavored lipstick that day, which the boys then tested on themselves, kissing one another and imagining themselves kissing Lux. The strangest thing about this memory is that they can’t remember any distinct sounds, like Lux’s screams of pain or the slamming of the ambulance doors. At the hospital, the doctor ruled out appendicitis and wondered if Lux might be pregnant; she’d faked the pain in order to get out of the house. When the doctor heard this, he understood more than he let on and silently agreed to give Lux a pregnancy test without telling her parents.

The doctor performed an examination, the results of which the boys later obtained, and they continued to stare at the picture of Lux’s cervix. The doctor diagnosed Lux with human papillomavirus (HPV) and noticed that Lux seemed uneasy about more than just a potential pregnancy; she confessed to sleeping a lot but always feeling tired. Her thinness and reluctance to discuss anything in detail led to further suspicion. The doctor ruled that Lux and her siblings were experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) stemming from Cecilia’s death by suicide. This became an acceptable explanation for everything going wrong with the Lisbons and ended questions about the reasons behind Cecilia’s actions.

Chapter 4, Pages 154-182 Summary

The Lisbon home continued to deteriorate, developing several leaks, and the family fell further and further into a state of isolation. Mr. Lisbon was the only one who left the house anymore, and although he faked cheerfulness at school, it was clear that he was carrying the weight of his entire family. Six weeks after the girls left school, he was asked to take a leave of absence. Several parents complained about his family history and his house, and staff complained about his strange behavior at school. With Mr. Lisbon no longer bringing life into the house, “the house truly died” (157).

Bonnie was seen coming out onto the porch and praying over the spot where her sister died early every morning when she thought no one was around to see her. A stench wafted out of the house that the text implies was the smell of incarcerated women. Evidence started to appear that Therese’s interest in talking to people from the outside as well as applying to colleges was waning, and the girls became obsessed with shopping catalogues and travel brochures, which the boys then ordered to feel as though they were traveling along with the girls. The boys lament how, even as adults, they still can’t pinpoint the exact reasons for the girls’ despair or their eventual deaths by suicide.

One of the boys’ grandmothers, known as Old Mrs. Karafilis, often took baths and talked to herself about the Lisbon girls. The boys saw her as someone waiting to die, and she seldom left the basement of the home where she lived. Old Mrs. Karafilis wasn’t confused or shocked about Cecilia’s death by suicide but by the family’s reaction to it and the overall “stubbornness of life” (169). She didn’t understand why the Lisbon girls couldn’t be heard screaming or seen trying to escape. When the other girls’ attempted to die by suicide, it was seen as a unanimous pact, but the boys insist that the girls weren’t some singular creature but individuals, fighting their own battles. A reporter referred to a song entitled “Virgin Suicide” (171), which Lux apparently liked, and this was used to defend the idea that it was a planned pact.

In a breach of the Lisbon home’s silence and isolation, the girls tore out of the house one morning to stop the removal of Cecilia’s favorite elm tree. They surrounded it and joined hands, and Therese argued that the tree would survive if left alone.

Chapter 4, Pages 183-211 Summary

As the Lisbon girls slipped away from the world and from the people they used to be, the boys started to forget how they looked, acted, sounded, and smelled. The visions they maintained of the girls became fading memories and began to seem more like fantasy than reality. Just when they thought they’d lost touch with the girls forever, photos identical to the one that Cecilia held of the Virgin Mary begin appearing in peoples’ yards and on their windshields. Soon after this, the girls started flicking their bedroom lights on and off, and then through Cecilia’s window the boys noticed a sort of shrine with dozens of old candles dedicated to Cecilia.

The girls then started sending letters to the boys on the street, dropping them off in the middle of the night. They each contained a single phrase such as “Remember us?” (187). The boys racked their brains for a week and finally realized that they could just call the girls. The first time they called, Mr. Lisbon and his wife answered, both demanding to be left alone, but the boys could tell someone else was on the line. Sure enough, a voice said “Hi,” but little more. The second time, they played a love song about waiting by a phone and left their number, and on the third day, the girls called back with a song about a life that slowly falls apart. They played songs back and forth throughout the night, the girls sending sad tunes and the boys responding with more uplifting numbers. The grown boys realize, looking back on that time, that the girls were trying to reach out to them all along, but the boys’ infatuation clouded their vision. The last Virgin Mary photograph that the boys received stated, “Tomorrow. Midnight. Wait for our signal” (195), and the boys predicted that the girls planned to run away.

The fish flies returned and fogged up the sky the next night, and as the boys sat in the treehouse awaiting the girls’ signal, they could hardly fend off the hoards. Just after midnight, the boys saw a few flashes of light from the Lisbon home and then spotted the girls standing at the window before the house went dark again. In silence, the boys crept across the lawns to the Lisbon home and approached, the smell growing more dank with each step. When they reached the backyard, they could see Lux sitting inside, smoking a cigarette and wearing a halter top that one of the boys recalled her being banned from wearing two years earlier. One of the boys became brave enough to open the patio door and go inside, and Lux greeted them with her usual coolness. She asked them to wait while her sisters finished packing, asked about the boys’ plan to escape, and distracted one of the boys by undoing his belt and touching him before changing her mind and leaving for the garage.

The boys stood in the living room imagining their future vagabond life with the girls and began hearing continuous thuds and other noises from both upstairs and downstairs before the house suddenly fell silent. As the boys slowly crept through the house, they heard a sigh in the kitchen and made their way to the basement, where they found the food from Cecilia’s party untouched and rotting. Above hung Bonnie, no longer alive. The boys stared in shocked silence, realizing that they never knew the person before them. They realize, looking back on the night, that the sigh they heard in the kitchen was Mary (who used the oven), and that Therese was likely already dead (due to an overdose) when they arrived. Lux, they found out later, had gone to the garage and suffocated.

Chapter 4 Analysis

After Lux’s mistake leads Mrs. Lisbon to her most drastic decision, the girls can be seen only as “incarcerated shadows” from behind closed curtains. The mysticism surrounding their lives only deepens as a result of their isolation because they become completely untouchable and virtually unreachable. The clouds that linger above the Lisbon home never seem to vanish, and the house’s deterioration becomes increasingly obvious as the family slowly gives up on living. The connection between the family and the house itself is perhaps most clear in its smell, which wafts out and down the street every day. Even looking back years later, Mrs. Lisbon defended her decision to isolate the girls, believing that they needed time away from the world. Ironically, Mrs. Lisbon isolates her daughters but doesn’t reach out to them or try to help them through their grief and thus leaves them to rot in their loneliness with no hope for escape or relief.

An elderly woman in the neighborhood named Old Mrs. Karafilis comments on the “stubbornness of life” (169) that the family exhibits, because they seem unwilling to process or admit to their grief and the girls seem to succumb fully to isolation. Like the Lisbon girls, Old Mrs. Karafilis seems to be waiting to die and almost never leaves her own basement. Her despair speaks to the theory of a generational sadness that all women share. Other theories arise about the Lisbon girls and their apparent depression, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of Cecilia’s death and a plague of sorrow that spread from Cecilia to the rest of her family.

All the same symbols that were present and surrounded Cecilia’s death start to reappear as the anniversary of her death approaches (along with the other girls’ impending deaths). The fish flies return, and the girls start posting copies of the Virgin Mary card that Cecilia held throughout the neighborhood. All of this foreshadows the girls’ deaths by suicide, which occur a few days later, yet the boys fail to see the clues right in front of them. When they finally intervene, it’s too late, and the voice on the other end of the phone sounds like “a child fallen down a well” (188), as if the girls are already long gone and speaking from some dark, distant place. With all of these signals, and as the anniversary of Cecilia’s death draws near, the boys still fail to see the truth, clouded by their mystification of the Lisbon girls, alluding to The Objectification of Women, and the boys assume that the girls want to run away.

When the boys come to their house on the last night, they’re prepared with a car and a plan to drive wherever the girls want to go. What they find instead is the end of a dream that never began. Even upon entering the house and seeing Lux in a sort of surreal state, they’re overcome by fantasy and the thought of a more exciting and meaningful future. Upon finding Bonnie, the boys become overwhelmed by guilt, knowing that they had the opportunity to intervene and failed to do so: “Thinking back, we decided the girls had been trying to talk to us all along, to elicit our help, but we’d been too infatuated to listen” (193). They realize that despite all their investigating, observing, and pining, they never really knew the Lisbon girls: “We had never known her. They had brought us here to find that out” (210). Additionally, the girls’ decision to invite the boys over to witness their deaths suggests that they were aware of the boys watching them all those months and were directly pointing them toward their mistake.

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