26 pages • 52 minutes read
A. S. ByattA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As the story begins, Penny, Primrose, and the other children are leaving England’s towns and cities for the relative safety of the countryside—a less attractive target for German bombs. At their young age, the girls have seen very little of the world beyond their urban environment. While wandering the mansion’s grounds, they snatch a rare opportunity to see a forest. For these curious girls, the forest symbolizes the unknown world they must now face without their parents to lead them, and they enter it with excitement. However, the forest holds a darker symbolism as well, as their encounter with the Loathly Worm demonstrates. It is a place where the boundaries of reality are ambiguous, but unlike the enchanted forests of fairy tales, this forest is home to a monster worse than any they could have imagined.
The forest also exists in Penny and Primrose’s memories as the place where their childhood trauma originates, and it becomes a catch-all for the other traumas of the war and the loss of their parents. Journeying to this physical site represents the figurative journey each of the women must make on the path to recovery.
While exploring the forest, Primrose and Penny encounter a terrifying creature. Years later and well into adulthood, Penny and Primrose learn that this anguished-looking, centipede-like creature is a being of legend called the Loathly Worm. There is power in this naming, especially for Penny, who afterwards refers to it as “the Thing,” capitalized. Whereas Primrose describes the worm as a general, unspecific terror, for Penny it is a more immediate presence and holds an almost revered position in her life.
In Primrose and Penny’s first encounter with the worm, the narrator describes it as smelling of the most nauseating odors and making a loud and equally disturbing commotion. Most notably, the language that describes it is violent, indicating that the worm is a manifestation of the world’s violence. The worm makes “threshing and thrashing” sounds (8), evoking images of a struggle, as well as explosions and wailings that create an overwhelming cacophony reminiscent of a war zone. This makes the worm a symbol for the war itself as well as the trauma it causes Penny and Primrose, which includes the loss of their fathers. The memory of the worm stays with the girls, symbolizing the inescapability of the war even in the “safe” countryside. The worm is therefore also a symbol of traumatic memory, which the girls must revisit and navigate in order to achieve some level of recovery.
Alys is a young girl who tries to join Penny and Primrose’s exploration of the forest; however, the older girls quickly run off, leaving Alys alone at the edge of the forest. When the girls return to the mansion, Alys is missing and later assumed dead. Alys is a very pretty child with light blue eyes and blonde, curly hair. This cherubic description conjures an image of a decidedly Anglo-Saxon version of innocence, but it is still universally recognizable. Alys symbolizes Primrose and Penny’s carefree childhood, which is destroyed when they encounter the Loathly Worm.
By A. S. Byatt