66 pages • 2 hours read
Sejal BadaniA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Amisha’s narrative takes place in 1930s to 1940s India, under the Raj, as British rule was known. On the day of her arranged marriage, 15-year-old Amisha is brought by her family to meet her new husband. Amisha and her new husband, 19-year-old Deepak (Jaya’s grandfather) have a traditional Hindu wedding. Afterward, Amisha tries to forge a bond with her new husband. He is surprised that she danced at their wedding after the music stopped, an uncommon thing for a woman to do. Amisha tries to tell him one of her stories to explain why she felt the need to be different, but he doesn’t grasp the message.
Unable to sleep after consummating their marriage, Amisha takes comfort in writing stories. Deepak briefly wakes up and looks at her with “confusion and then dismissal” (54). He falls back asleep as Amisha continues to write.
The next morning, Amisha is woken by her mother-in-law Chara to begin the chores. First, she must wash the sheets, stained with Amisha’s hymen blood, in a nearby river. Chara makes sure to establish Amisha’s low place in the family: “Out of pity, we lowered our stature to allow you to marry my son” (55). Deepak’s family owns the mill that feeds the village; therefore, they are wealthy in comparison to the other villagers and hold a higher social status. Amisha is expected to complete the housework while Deepak works at the mill.
As Amisha washes the sheets, she notices British soldiers in the town square. The Raj has an office in a nearby village. Amisha remembers seeing British soldiers beat Indians for trivial infractions in her home village.
Amisha struggles to write while juggling all the chores Chara insists she complete. Chara brings a friend to the house for sherbet and orders Amisha to bring it. Chara’s friend questions why Amisha doesn’t have a servant of her own, as befits a married woman. Amisha is astonished. She confronts Chara; to avoid losing face in front of her friend, Chara accedes. She warns Amisha to choose wisely: “Your servant will know all your secrets” (58).
One day at the mill, Amisha watches a young man, Ravi, beg the manager for a job. Ravi is too low caste to work in the mill, so the manager sends him off with disgust. As an Untouchable, Ravi doesn’t live in the village; therefore, Amisha can be certain that he is beyond Chara’s influence. To persuade him to work for her, Amisha tells Ravi a short story about how neither should judge the other for their social circumstances. Ravi agrees to work for Amisha to hear more stories.
At dinner, Chara is disgusted by Ravi’s caste. She throws a steel plate at Amisha and demands that her marriage to Deepak end immediately. Deepak asks why Amisha would want to bring an Untouchable into their home. In response, she quotes Mahatma Gandhi’s argument that Dalits should be accepted as the children of God. Deepak agrees to let Ravi be Amisha’s servant under the condition that Ravi not handle the food or come too close to the people of the house.
A year later, Amisha is pregnant with their first child. Deepak’s business has been steadily doing better, allowing him to buy expensive furniture. Amisha continues to struggle balancing her chores and duties as a wife with her desire to write. Especially since she’s been pregnant, Amisha has felt more creative than ever; the stories in her mind are insistent and constant. Ravi attempts to help her when he can, preparing dinner (despite being banned from touching food) to allow her more time to work on a story.
Amisha and Ravi have developed a rewarding, supportive, and equitable friendship, one which is blind to the restrictions of the caste system. Amisha touches shoulders with Ravi despite the widespread prejudice that Untouchables are too physically and spiritually contaminated to be touched.
Several years have passed. Amisha has given birth to three sons. Chara is recently deceased; before her death, the two women grew closer. Chara often talked with Amisha about the instability of a woman’s place in their society: “It was only when a son was raised and wedded that the mother could at last stake her place in the world” (70).
At Chara’s funeral, Deepak hugs Amisha for the first time in their marriage. Their communication thus far has largely centered on the house and their growing family: “Though they had been married for years, he still felt like a stranger” (70). Amisha accepts this as normal. Moved by Deepak’s loss, Amisha prays to a statue of the Hindu god Vishnu, asking for a daughter.
Six months later, Deepak’s father also dies. Amisha promotes Ravi to head servant and the house is fitted for electricity. Ravi asks Amisha to find his sister extra work, to which Amisha responds by hiring the young girl full time.
At dinner one evening, Deepak announces that he has decided to expand the family business by partnering with a farmer in another village. Amisha worries that the Raj will disapprove, but Deepak has already secured the Raj’s permission.
A new British school is built in the village. Amisha is excited: “They want to cultivate us. Here, in our small village, they will teach English writing” (73). Amisha has been following the progress of World War II in the local papers. Indian troops fighting alongside the British military is a prevalent topic at the dinner parties she attends with her husband’s wealthy friends. Some support Indian involvement, while others vehemently argue against India’s colony status.
World War II and issues of sovereignty are far removed from Amisha’s village life. Their local officer is Vikram, a wealthy man with a close relationship to the Raj. Vikram has approved the new British school. Amisha has long tried to understand the English alphabet, but finds teaching herself extremely difficult. Amisha desires to attend the British school to improve her writing and inspire pride in her sons: “Imagine my boys when they see their mother writing in English” (75). Ravi encourages her to attend classes. She has fought so hard to help Ravi feel like he can attain a higher position despite his caste that he wholeheartedly supports her desire to learn English writing.
When Deepak returns after a week-long business trip, Amisha massages Deepak’s feet with oil and brings up the subject of the British school. He is dismissive as always, and initiates sex. With thoughts of school and writing in her mind, Amisha speaks up. She is not ready for another child. Deepak continues regardless, but pulls out before ejaculating. Deepak explains that she has given him three healthy sons already; he can wait for her to be ready to bear another child.
Amisha goes to look at the British school. A friend from the village, Sujata, joins her. Sujata argues that the British have no good intentions with the school—that they will use the promise of education to disparage Indians: “My husband says the whites hope to convert us with one hand while beating us with the other” (78). Though Amisha doesn’t outright disagree with Sujata, she struggles to reconcile her desire to learn English writing with the realities of being colonial subject.
A young British officer wearing an arm sling joins Amisha. She assumes that he was injured in the war. He introduces himself at Lieutenant Stephan, the head of the British school. His arm was injured when he fell out of a tree attempting parachuting just outside of London. Stephan has frequently seen Amisha watching the construction of the British school and promises her a spot in a class. He explains that, in theory, the British monarchy supports any Native person’s desire to learn at the school. Amisha is skeptical, but decides that she “couldn’t care about [British] reach or reason. All she could focus on was the chance she had” (81). Amisha leaves after promising to attend classes on the day the school opens.
In preparation for her first class, Amisha asks her son Jay to lend her paper out of his school supplies. She “[wants] to raise her sons with the knowledge that women were equal to men” (84),so she explains to Jay that she has a right to study regardless of her gender. To clarify this, Amisha tells her son a story about a young girl who cuts her hair to look like a boy and compete in sports. When the team wins, they realize the rules must be changed. The story doesn’t change Jay’s mind. He says, “I like you best as my mummy” (85) and leaves without giving her paper.
Ravi enters the room with a gift for Amisha: a new schoolbag with supplies inside. Overwhelmed by emotion, Amisha prepares to leave. She feels guilt at not telling Deepak of her plans, but Ravi encourages her to go forward.
Stephan waits for her by the doors of the school as she arrives. Amisha confides her uncertainty about attending the school: “I feared my desires would infringe upon my responsibilities” (88), taking too much attention away from her children. When they reach the classroom, Amisha’s resolve breaks at the sight of the young students inside, “dressed in Western uniforms, fully British if not for their skin tone.” (89). Amisha, ashamed and embarrassed, flees the building.
Amisha runs into a small garden—the same garden where Ravi brought Jaya when he began telling Amisha’s story. Stephen follows her and insists that they can find a way for her to comfortably become a student. Amisha’s determination and desire to learn are admirable and remind him of his older brother, who recently died in the war. Though Stephen would like to help Amisha as a way to honor his brother’s memory, Amisha is overcome with disappointment and leaves.
Amisha returns home to find Jay crying in Ravi’s arms. There is a large welt on the boy’s palm. Jay told the story Amisha used to explain equality between men and women to his teacher, who deemed it inappropriate and punished Jay.
To assuage her guilt, Amisha visits the temple to pray for her children. Ordinarily, she would pray “in front of the makeshift shrine at home rather than at the temple,” (93), but in her guilt Amisha feels driven to do more. She makes an offering to Lord Shiva and asks the god to protect her sons. Then, she turns to the Goddess Parvati and asks the goddess to take her stories away so that she no longer wants “to be more than I am allowed to be” (94).
Though her son soon forgets the incident at school, Amisha’s guilt continues. She lies to Ravi when he asks for more stories, claiming the ability has left her. Ravi doesn’t believe her, knowing her character too deeply. Stephen arrives at the house to make Amisha a new offer: He proposes that Amisha take over the class she was about to join and teach them writing. In exchange, he will personally tutor Amisha in the English alphabet and grammar.
As Stephen argues for Amisha’s education, he reveals that helping her may be “the only worthy thing” (98) he does while stationed in the British colony. He wants to “help you evolve [...] The Raj are here in fact to civilize and modernize” (98).With help from Amisha, Stephen reads some of her stories in Hindi and concludes that they are worthy. Amisha confesses to having visited the temple in a desperate attempt to banish the stories from her mind.
Stephen encourages her to take the opportunity. Finally seeing her writing get recognition, Amisha decides to teach at the school in exchange for private lessons.
To prepare to ask Deepak about teaching in the school, Amisha prays to the Goddess Parvati at the shrine in her home, begging to be allowed a balance in her life between family and independent commitments.
Deepak returns home with the news that his business continues to thrive. Amisha reflects that the distance between them is “no different from everyone else’s” marriage (102). She is afraid to bring up teaching as she doesn’t “know her husband well enough” (103) to anticipate his reaction. When she breaks the news, Deepak points out the nonconforming nature of her personality: She danced after the music ended on the night of their wedding, stubbornly insisted Ravi work for them, and now this. Amisha argues that Gandhi supports the idea of women being more than homemakers, which incenses Deepak, since Gandhi is an anti-Raj activist. Chara once cautioned Deepak about Amisha’s temperament, calling Amisha “a spirit trapped,” (105) striving after independence regardless of whom she might hurt in the process.
Deepak’s main worry is what the rest of the village and his business connections will think: “one piece of gossip could alienate them from the community. It wouldn’t be just the loss of their social status; their livelihood would also suffer” (105). Eventually, Deepak concedes, under the condition that she remain mindful of her household and familial duties.
Head teacher Miss Roberts, an Englishwoman, questions whether Amisha has the necessary teaching credentials to teach at such a prestigious institution. Amisha asserts her right to be there by claiming that she will teach the children how to write nonjudgmental stories that show respect for each person.
Amisha’s class is comprised of five girls and 12 boys. They will speak in English and write in Hindi until they are ready to practice English letters. To connect with her young students, Amisha shares a story about raising her children. As a new mother, she was learning to be a mother in the same way her sons were learning to be sons. This resonates with the students. Amisha concludes: “If you will help me to become a good teacher, I will do my best to help you become better storytellers” (109). During the ensuing lesson, one girl, Neema, stands out to Amisha as grasping the purpose of creativity and freedom of expression behind the assignment.
After Amisha’s class, she meets with Stephen in the garden for her tutoring. The two banter before Stephen writes out the English alphabet so that Amisha can practice copying it. As she does, their conversation veers toward the English occupation of India and the morality of colonialism. Amisha becomes upset, asking Stephen, “Do you believe any country has the right to rule another?” (113). Remembering that she is speaking to a lieutenant of her country’s occupier, she apologizes for her rashness, but Stephen asks her to speak her mind when they are alone. He doesn’t not presume a higher social position than Amisha just because of his race, which is deeply inspiring to Amisha, who wonders why she has never questioned the expected respect she shows toward others.
As the narrative switches to Amisha’s point of view, many cultural and ritual practices are used to signify to the reader that the characters exist in a different time period, one that is repressive and patriarchal. Amisha’s arranged marriage at 15 is common practice in India at the time. Immediately, Amisha’s role is to service her husband and his household, dedicating her entire life to their comforts: “In the hierarchy of her new home, Amisha knew she had no place of importance” (56). What Deepak and Chara decide, Amisha must do.
Social status is deeply important to Amisha’s new household, as Deepak’s family owns the only mill in the area and is experiencing a period of growth. Because of this, their desire to act according to social expectations motivates many of their actions, which can have negative and positive effects. On the one hand, they refuse to hire Dalits at the mill, fully accepting the traditional prejudice against people born into this caste. On the other hand, the drive to keep up appearances saves Amisha from Chara’s cruel treatment—Chara’s friend shames Chara into agreeing to hire Amisha a servant.
Amisha chooses Ravi as a servant largely because his low social status puts him well outside Chara’s influence. She can trust him more readily because Ravi is not connected with the village’s female community and therefore won’t be an avenue for the other women to check up on her and make sure she is behaving according to their expectations. Furthermore, because Ravi is so dependent on Amisha’s largesse in keeping him employed, he feels tremendous loyalty to her. Their friendship, though genuinely affectionate, nevertheless functions on a power imbalance.
The English school introduces the unbalanced power dynamics of Britain in India; the language around it shows the disdain with which the colonizers view the colonized. The school is meant to “civilize” (73) Indians—a term that implies that existing Indian culture is backward and inferior to that of the Europeans. The school will only provide educational support to those who desire it on English terms, with no attempts to incorporate Native ideas into the curriculum. The focus is entirely on assimilating the villagers, even though those who are thus assimilated will always face racial discrimination from their white colonizers.
Stephen also gives voice to this recurring theme of civilization and modernization on colonial terms, asking Amisha, “allow me to help you evolve [...] and modernize” (98). While Stephen believes himself to be acting with compassion for a nation that his country has deemed in need of help, he believes that India cannot move forward as a society without the help of England. The Raj want to dominate local institutions, commit to a program of cultural whitewashing, and exert economic control. Rather than open a Hindu school for the community, Stephen leads the opening of an English school, an imposition of another culture presented as being better—more civilized—than their own.
Amisha’s internalized feelings of Indian inferiority prompt her to want to learn how to write in English as a mark of being cultured. She isn’t concerned with national issues like the English monarchy’s desire to colonize her country. Instead, she wants to concentrate on her own experience and abilities: “All she could focus on was the chance she had” (81). Amisha loves her country and its people, but she can’t help but be intrigued by the education and companionship that Stephen offers her. In some ways she is right: Jay’s experience at school shows that Hindi society is unwilling to accept Amisha as a creative force. In the English school, she senses a place where she can find freedom from the gender-specific restrictions placed upon her. It is too tempting to assimilate herself into English teaching to experience creative freedom.
For Amisha, the British Raj may be an oppressive force, but so are the traditional limitations that accompany her role as a wife and mother in Hindu society. Because she feels these more deeply and on a daily basis, she is eager to cast them off in favor of English studies. The strict expectations placed upon women in Hindu society are explored in Chara’s conversation with Amisha following the marriage of Deepak’s younger sister. “Chara often said that a daughter’s love was fleeting” (70) because daughters are essentially born to be married off and provide household support to their husband’s family. After their marriage, a daughter would rarely see her birth family. The trauma of this separation haunts many women, including Chara, whom Amisha begins to feel empathy for. Amisha cannot accept this cycle of mothers and daughters forced to separate and live their lives as servants to the men of another house for her future daughters.
Deepak’s growing familiarity with Vikram puts new pressures on the family, as they must assume the position of a wealthy, well-connected family. Because of this, Deepak confronts Amisha about her nonconformity again. Their marriage is one between strangers. Amisha doesn’t know her husband on an intimate level; they never talk about anything beyond immediate family concerns, and have no fun or intimacy. This is the opposite of the relationship she is developing with Stephen, who actively converses with her and shares his feelings. In one afternoon, they have a deeper conversation about the philosophical underpinnings of colonialism and their cultural differences when it comes to showing respect than Amisha has ever had with Deepak over many years of marriage. Stephen assumes that she has a point of view and is interested in it; Deepak only values Amisha as a component of family structure.
Asian History
View Collection
Books About Art
View Collection
Books & Literature
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Community
View Collection
Friendship
View Collection
Historical Fiction
View Collection
Indian Literature
View Collection
Marriage
View Collection
Mothers
View Collection
Popular Book Club Picks
View Collection
Romance
View Collection
Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
View Collection