54 pages • 1 hour read
Jodi PicoultA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
On arrival at Auschwitz, soldiers sort prisoners into two lines. Ania’s father is sorted to the left, but Ania is taken to the right. A soldier confiscates her boots with the Christian papers and money. Officers shave Minka’s head and brand her with a number: A14660. Desperate, she attempts to flee the camp, but is caught and thrown into a barracks by an officer, where a familiar voice chides her for her escape attempt. It’s Darija. Darija and Minka are crammed into a hut with five other women in various states of starvation and illness. Minka dubs the SS officer who oversees their block Herr Dybbuk, after the Jewish Dybbuk, an evil spirit which takes up residence in a living human body. Herr Dybbuk is “too weak to force out the evil that [has] taken up residence in him” (284). He has a brother, another SS officer with a shaky right hand. This brother is cruel, delighting in mistreating prisoners.
Minka is assigned to work at the crematorium, sorting through the belongings of the dead. One day, she finds her father’s suitcase in the pile and realizes that she is an orphan, her entire family now gone. Minka feels responsible for remembering the dead and starts taking photographs from the pile of belongings and bringing them home with her, memorizing the names of victims. When the other women in the hut need distraction from their surroundings, Minka tells them her Ania story. She also writes the story down for the first time, hoping to leave a record of herself behind when she dies. During an inspection of the bunks, Minka’s photographs and story are found and confiscated. She is sent to the office of Herr Dybbuk and discovers that his name is Franz Hartmann. To Minka’s surprise, Franz is interested in her story. He asks her if she’s heard of a Donestre, a monster which cries over the severed heads of its victims. Minka replies that “perhaps some monsters…still have a conscience” (308). Rather than punishing her, Franz takes her on as his secretary. He gives her a black leather-bound journal and pen, advising her to deliver regular updates on her story.
Minka learns that Franz feels connected to the character of Aleks, a once-normal boy who became a bloodthirsty upiór through random circumstance. Through her job, Minka sees more of Auschwitz. She observes interactions between Franz and his brother, Reiner, surmising that Reiner is a violent alcoholic with none of Franz’s inclination toward mercy. She knows that Franz sees her story of two murderous brothers as an allegory for his relationship to Reiner. Franz reads the newest section of Minka’s story, in which Ania and Aleks sleep together. Afterward, Aleks describes his first kill and how he wept afterward, a reference to the Donestre. Aleks explains that the more he kills, the easier it gets, and admits that Ania can never be sure of her safety around him. Franz praises the snippet but offers one small correction. What Aleks says in the final paragraph is inaccurate; killing never gets easier, no matter how many times a person does it. One day Franz unexpectedly dismisses Minka from her position and sends her to the hospital. She is kept there all day before being abruptly recalled to his office. Minka later discovers that almost every Jew in a position of privilege within the camp was shot and killed that day. Franz saved her life.
Whenever Minka wants to see Darija, she types up a fake summons from Franz to have Darija brought to his office. As the days grow colder, she uses this tactic often to spare Darija from the freezing bunks. On one of these occasions, she brings Darija into the office only to find Reiner Hartmann stealing from his brother’s safe. When sees her, Minka realizes that he assumed she was already dead. Unwilling to have two witnesses to his crime, Reiner shoots and kills Darija. When Franz appears, summoned by the commotion, Reiner blames his theft on Minka and orders Franz to punish her, implying that he will kill her otherwise. Franz brutally beats Minka before sending her to a starvation cell. Drifting in and out of consciousness, she thinks of the two sides of Franz and feels naïve for believing his assertion that people can be both bad and good. The next day, she is deported to a new camp, Neusalz. Minka wonders if this is Franz’s way of saving her from Reiner’s retaliation. Her suspicions are confirmed when she finds a small note slipped into her mitten that reads: “WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?” (342)
Three days after Minka's arrival, Neusalz is evacuated and its prisoners forced to walk for days through the woods without sustenance in what soon becomes apparent is a death march. Minka is soon so hungry that she tries to pick up a discarded apple core and is immediately caught by guards and slated to be executed. As her would-be executioner approaches her, Minka distracts him by giving him the leather-bound story journal. She escapes to a farm, where she is fed and clothed for a week before the owners turn her back in to an officer. She is then taken to Bergen-Belsen. Almost everyone at Bergen-Belsen has typhus, and Minka soon contracts the disease. She is sure she will die there, but on April 15, 1945, British tanks arrive to liberate the prisoners. Minka is free.
This section of the novel finally connects Minka and Josef’s storylines. Josef appears in Minka’s timeline as Reiner Hartmann, the cruel and bloodthirsty SS officer who shoots Darija dead. This man seems a far cry from the deeply remorseful old widower pleading for Sage’s forgiveness; the young Reiner is a violent anti-Semite who delights in cruelty, so it’s a challenge to imagine him ever asking a Jewish girl for absolution.
The lives of Franz and Reiner parallel the Ania story. Like Aleks and Casimir, Franz and Reiner are brothers who commit evil acts. Reiner, like Casimir, is fully consumed by evil. Franz, like Aleks, retains a merciful side and a desire to spare others from cruelty. Franz fixates on the idea that the two boys were not born upióry but became monsters after an encounter. Franz grew up as a kind and gentle boy who avoided taking part in any anti-Semitic actions, yet he now works at the largest and deadliest concentration camp in Europe. His attitude toward his work indicates that he is struggling with his involvement in the mass genocide and thinks of himself as a tainted person. The question of how once-normal boys like Aleks and Casimir became evil is a direct parallel to the way Franz feels about himself. Minka’s relationship to Franz mirrors Sage’s relationship to Josef. Both women struggle to reconcile the two sides of men who seem by turns human and monstrous.
Franz’s character arc plays into the theme of freedom of choice. When he was younger, he actively put himself at risk to avoid participating in events like Kristallnacht and even burned his SS summons. Yet for unknown reasons he has ended up at Auschwitz anyway. Although he never directly commits a murder, by working at Auschwitz he becomes complicit in the mass murders taking place at the camp. Franz tries to rationalize his inaction by telling himself that he is only following orders. It’s true that if he were to intervene he would likely be killed, but the anecdote about the prisoners who organized a rebellion and were executed for their efforts shows that intervening against cruelty is always a choice. Minka compares Franz to a Dybbuk, which is a Jewish folk creature, a disembodied spirit that possesses a living human body. She thinks that he is not evil by nature but simply too weak to take a stand against the systematic evil of the Holocaust, instead allowing evil to infect his nature. Picoult portrays the debate as to whether evil actions committed out of weakness are as condemnable as those committed for pleasure as a matter of personal opinion.
Franz's foil is Josef/Reiner. Where other characters display nuanced morals, the version of Josef who appears Minka’s story is completely heartless, murdering Darija in cold blood. Knowing what he has done changes the dynamic of his request to Sage. If she carries out his wish to die, it can be seen as eye-for-an-eye justice for the murder of Darija. However, Picoult explores whether killing another person can ever be justice, or if taking another life is unforgivable in itself. It’s a question without an easy answer, but Sage will have to find one eventually.
By Jodi Picoult
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