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Andrew ClementsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Natalie Nelson waits anxiously while her best friend Zoe reads through the first two chapters of Natalie’s book in progress, titled The Cheater. Zoe is enjoying the story, so she takes her time reading.
In the story, the narrator and main character Angela follows her classmate Sean to apologize. They have just had a hearing with the Penalty Board, and Sean has taken the punishment for Angela’s cheating. Sean is angry at Angela and does not want to be her friend anymore.
When Zoey finishes reading, she tells Natalie how good the story is. Natalie gives Zoey the rest of the completed chapters to read. Natalie has five more chapters to write to finish the book.
Natalie decided to try to write a school story, or a story that takes place at school and features school-age main characters, because her mother’s publishing company is seeking that kind of book. Natalie has made a point to talk to her mother about her work since Natalie’s father passed away. That is how she found out about the company’s search for a school story four months ago. Natalie thought she’d be perfect to write it since she is in sixth grade and spends every day in school.
Natalie feels encouraged by Zoe’s admiration for the story.
Natalie’s love for reading and writing has always been a part of her. When she was really young, she loved being read stories by her mom and dad. Mom would read in a calm, soothing voice that made Natalie feel “warm and safe” (9). Dad would act out the character’s voices, make sound effects, and add words to liven the story. Natalie loved both her parents’ reading styles. She couldn’t get enough of them. At four, once she’d learned her ABCs, she asked her parents to point to the words on the page when they read them so she could learn to read them too. Eventually, she could read independently. However, she still loved being read bedtime stories by her parents.
After her father’s death when Natalie was in second grade, Natalie hid some of the bedtime story books because she didn’t like how her mother read them. Sometimes she would revisit these books and could hear her dad’s voice when she read them to herself.
Eventually she began to make up her own stories. At first she’d imitate the stories she read, writing similar ones or acting them out with her toys. In fourth grade, she began to take writing more seriously. She and her mom moved into a loft, and Natalie set up a writing space for herself in one corner. She used her dad’s old office chair and computer. It made her feel connected to him.
In the school library, Zoe asks Natalie what she plans to do once the book is finished. Natalie wants to print copies for Zoe and a few other people. Zoe suggests Natalie try to publish it, mentioning Natalie’s mother’s job at a publishing company. Natalie thinks the idea is absurd and says Zoe knows nothing about publishing. The girls have a healthy banter until the librarian asks them to quiet down.
Natalie and Zoe have been best friends since kindergarten. They are very different kinds of people, but they have a great dynamic and care about each other a lot.
Outside, Zoe says she knows how to get Natalie’s book published, but she doesn’t reveal her plan yet. She tells Natalie to research a man named Ted Geisel. The girls tease each other for a while before parting ways. Zoe catches a taxi home, and Natalie heads to the bus station to ride the bus to her mother’s office building. Before parting, Zoe again tells Natalie to research Ted Geisel.
Natalie has lived in or near New York City all her life. She is very adept at city life. She takes a taxi to school in the morning, and after school she walks several blocks to a bus stop to ride to midtown, where her mother’s office building stands. She has been taught from a young age how to navigate the city by herself and how to keep herself safe. Natalie’s mother also refreshes her on safety procedures weekly because she worries about Natalie.
Natalie recalls several times when she encountered strange people in the city, like a lady who yelled at her backpack and a man Natalie thought was following her at first. Natalie stays vigilant at all times.
Natalie arrives at her mother’s office and takes the elevator to the 14th floor. Her mother’s coworkers know who she is and allow her into the work area. Natalie used to think a publisher’s office would be full of people assembling books and painting cover art, but it’s much more mundane than she imagined. She finds her mother’s office and the two hug. On her mom’s desk is a photo of Natalie, her mom, and her dad on a sailboat. Natalie was too young to remember the boat trip, but she wishes she did. Natalie and her mom share some snacks. Natalie goes to the vacant office next door and uses the computer to research Ted Geisel. She opens the Encarta encyclopedia on the computer and finds an entry for Theodore Geisel.
The next day, Natalie tells Zoe that she knows Ted Geisel is the real name of Dr. Seuss. Zoe wants Natalie to use a pseudonym to send her book to her mother’s company. Zoe thinks that it will remove Natalie’s mom’s bias for or against the work. Natalie is unsure about the plan. She hates lying and views this plan as a form of lying. Zoe on the other hand is fine with telling small lies as long as she keeps what she says mostly true.
Zoe argues that authors use pseudonyms all the time and that doesn’t make them liars to their millions of readers. Natalie points out that Ted Geisel’s mother probably knew he was Dr. Seuss. Zoe thinks this is a fair point, but she adds that Ted’s mother wasn’t also his editor. She speculates that Ted’s mother would have dismissed his work as silly art and rhymes if she were his editor.
Zoe gives Natalie her first draft of the book back and compliments the quality. Then she shifts her focus to their science experiment, allowing Natalie time to consider Zoe’s suggestion.
Natalie comes up with the name “Cassandra Day” for her pseudonym. Zoe thinks this is a great name for an author and looks forward to putting their plan into action.
Natalie gets swept up in Zoe’s excitement until the bus ride to her mother’s building on Friday. She begins to consider the logistics of their plan and wonders whether her book is actually good enough to be published.
At her mother’s office, Natalie observes stacks of unopened envelopes full of potential books. Some of the mail has sat unopened for six months. Natalie doesn’t believe she has a chance to get published with all these authors from around the country sending in their work.
Natalie uses the phone in the vacant office to call Zoe. She tells Zoe that the plan is stupid, no one will read the book, and even if they manage to get Natalie published, there are better books out there. Zoe demands to speak to Cassandra Day instead. She plays up the bit, acting like she’ll call the police on the girl who is impersonating the great Cassandra Day.
Natalie reluctantly plays along. She changes her voice and pretends to be Cassandra Day. Zoe tells Cassandra not to listen to “that deadbeat Natalie” (33). Zoe tells Cassandra that she’s a great writer and her grandchildren will read her works one day. Zoe asks Cassandra to trust her and to stay with her on their journey to getting published. Natalie, as Cassandra, agrees that they’re a team but remarks on Zoe’s annoying persistence. Zoe tells Cassandra to do some writing this weekend. Natalie, as Cassandra, agrees to work on finishing the book. Zoe tells Cassandra that she’s proud of her.
Natalie thanks Zoe and hangs up the phone.
The first six chapters of The School Story introduce the main characters, Natalie Nelson and Zoe Reisman, and expand on the dynamic between the two friends. These chapters also introduce the main conflict, which is figuring out how to get Natalie’s book published. Through these first six chapters, themes of The Power of Positive Thinking and Perseverance, Honesty Versus Deceit, and The Effects of Loss emerge as the narrative explores the way Natalie’s past has shaped her.
The dynamic between best friends and main characters Natalie and Zoe is set up in the first chapter and expanded upon as the story progresses. In Chapter 1, when Natalie anxiously asks for Zoe’s opinion on the book she’s almost finished writing, Zoe has nothing but encouraging words for Natalie, showing the way Zoe helps uplift Natalie. Natalie nervously asks her friend, “Is it any good?” (4), but Zoe confidently affirms that she believes it’s great and encourages Natalie to finish the book by eagerly asking, “you are going to finish it, right?” (4). Natalie’s timid nature contrasts with Zoe’s robust attitude, creating a sharp dynamic that persists as the story unfolds. Natalie is characterized as wise, honest, and compassionate, while Zoe is characterized as boisterous, smug, and slick.
They have a “push-and-pull friendship, the kind that can happen when two very different people like each other a lot” (15). This dynamic is further illustrated in the way Zoe breadcrumbs Natalie into her idea about using a pseudonym. Rather than outright tell Natalie her plan, she “[makes] Natalie work for it” by having Natalie do her own research (15). The differences between Natalie and Zoe are emphasized when Chapter 5 introduces the theme of Honesty Versus Deceit. When discussing the idea of using a pen name, Natalie worries that she would be lying to her mother. However, Zoe disagrees, asking if “Dr. Seuss [was] lying to forty gazillion kids just because they didn’t know his real name” (27). The narration explains that Natalie “always got the best results with the whole truth” but Zoe was satisfied “as long as the truth was not entirely absent” (27). The exploration of whole honesty versus some deceit through Natalie and Zoe’s different ethical opinions on lying helps to develop the honesty theme.
In addition to introducing Natalie and Zoe’s dynamic, these chapters explore Natalie’s interest in reading and writing and her relationship with her mother and late father. Natalie is described as having “loved it when her mom or dad read to her” (8-9), even from an early age. Natalie’s thirst for reading was nurtured by her parents and the unique ways they read stories to her. While Natalie’s mother’s reading made her feel “warm and safe” (9), her father read in a way that was “loud and reckless” (9), with funny voices and sound effects. After her father’s death, “Natalie hid some of her favorite books in the back of her closet” because “Those were Daddy’s books” (10). She would only revisit these books in quiet, personal moments and “could hear her father’s voice reading to her” (10).
This shows the way Natalie links her love of reading to her love of her father and introduces the theme of The Effects of Loss. Because Natalie misses her father, she feels the need to protect the memories she has of him by not allowing her mother to read the books she most associates with him. Once Natalie’s love for writing emerged, she “sat in her dad’s old red desk chair and used his old Macintosh computer” (12) when writing to feel close to him. This link between Natalie’s love for writing and her missing her father plays an important role in the way Natalie develops her story, The Cheater. The way loss affects families is also shown in the way Natalie interacts with her mother. Natalie “decided she needed to talk to her mom more” (5) after her dad’s passing. Natalie’s bond with her mother is a result of Natalie’s compassion for her mother and their shared grief over the death of Natalie’s father. These details contribute to the larger theme of loss.
The Power of Positive Thinking and Perseverance theme is also introduced in these chapters, particularly in Chapter 6. Upon hatching their plan to get Natalie’s book published, Natalie and Zoe have a back and forth dynamic that forces Zoe to take on a role of encouraging and pushing Natalie to press onward. When Natalie creates her pen name, Cassandra Day, she is initially excited about the plan to get her book published. However, this excitement quickly fades when Natalie begins to consider the reality of publishing. Natalie calls Zoe and tells her “it’s a stupid idea” (31) and relays her reasoning that the book isn’t finished and no one will want to read it anyway. Zoe doesn’t allow Natalie to succumb to this negative thinking, and she demands to speak to Cassandra Day.
Natalie replies, “Give it up, Zoe. Cassandra Day is dead” (32), but Zoe persists. Natalie reluctantly plays along, and Zoe gives “Cassandra Day” an intense pep talk, asking her not to “believe one thing that deadbeat Natalie tells you” (33). With Zoe’s encouragement, Natalie agrees to finish writing the book and continue with their plan. This scene also turns Cassandra Day into a symbol for Natalie’s confidence. By declaring that Cassandra Day is dead, Natalie is really communicating that she has no faith in herself or the plan anymore. However, Zoe manages to revive Cassandra Day and get Natalie to agree to continue moving forward with their plan. The death and revival of Cassandra Day symbolizes the way Natalie’s confidence falls and rises.
The symbols and themes established in these first six chapters set up narrative devices that Andrew Clements develops as the story progresses.
By Andrew Clements