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47 pages 1 hour read

Jeanne Birdsall

The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2005

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Symbols & Motifs

Arundel Hall

The Arundel Hall property, including the mansion, the cottage, and the expansive grounds, serves as the novel’s physical setting but also symbolizes larger ideas in the narrative. For the Penderwicks, Arundel becomes a symbol of a memorable family vacation that brings them new adventures and friendships. From the opening lines, the narrator establishes that this summer is one the sisters think back on often and recall as a significant moment in their childhood. “Fate drove us there, Jane would say” (1). Not only do they create new memories together as a family, but each sister also experiences significant changes during their three weeks at Arundel. Rosalind will always remember Arundel as the setting for her first romantic crush, and Skye will always remember becoming friends with Jeffrey. For Jane, Arundel brings fond memories of completing another novel, and no one will ever forget when Batty finds her voice. Arundel becomes a part of their shared history as a family and a season they’ll all look back on nostalgically.

From the moment the Penderwicks see Arundel, the castle-like structure becomes a symbol of childhood innocence and wonder: “Built from gray stone, it was covered with towers, balconies, terraces, and turrets that jutted every which way” (8). Arundel’s enchanting gardens, hidden passageways and tunnels, and attic become a playground for the Penderwick sisters where they and their imaginations can roam freely without the encumbrance of adult interference. The wide-open spaces are ideal for Skye, Jane, and Jeffrey to practice soccer and perfect their archery skills. Arundel’s many charms provide a bounty of inspiration for Jane’s adventure novel and Batty delights in frolicking with Hound outside and feeding Cagney’s rabbits. Mr. Penderwick rarely intervenes in their escapades and allows them free reign of the space until they collide with Mrs. Tifton, whose ominous presence and aristocratic snobbery break the spell of Arundel.

While summer at Arundel represents freedom for the Penderwicks, the mansion is more like a prison for its permanent residents. Its palatial walls represent the constraints of Jeffrey’s class physically and emotionally. He’s often confined to his room because Mrs. Tifton restrains his childhood freedom in favor of grooming him to become a society gentleman. Trapped literally and metaphorically in the ivory tower of class and expectation, Jeffrey chafes under his mother’s restraint and longs to express himself freely. For Jeffrey, Arundel, with its gallery of ancestral portraits staring at him, represents all that holds him back from being his true self: “[…] [I]t was like a museum, except with no velvet ropes or uniformed guards” (74). The Penderwicks not only liberate Jeffrey physically by bringing him out of the house but also help him find the courage to free himself emotionally—to bravely stand up to his mother and express his desire to attend music school.

Books, Reading, and Storytelling

Birdsall channels her love of books and reading into the narrative as she creates layers of symbolism by exploring the importance of books and reading through her novel. In addition to adding many allusions to classic works of children’s literature, Birdsall creates characters who love reading. Jane is an aspiring author, and Skye loves her math and astrophysics books. Rosalind loves Shakespeare and, after learning that Cagney is a Civil War history buff, takes up reading books on the subject, finding it quite enjoyable. Batty is too young to read but soaks up stories of her mother each night as Rosalind delivers her bedtime story. Mr. Penderwick is a botany professor, making him a bookish character too, and he spends much time in the cottage reading about flowers while the girls play. When Mrs. Tifton grounds Jeffrey in his room after the garden party debacle, Jane worries if he has enough books to read in his confinement. The Penderwicks find joy and endless adventures in stories and books.

Jane channels her love of adventure into her Sabrina Starr book. It becomes a meta-narrative as she incorporates their experiences at Arundel into it, adding fantastical and hyperbolic details like hot air balloons to ramp up the drama: “This is what made a book great, she thought, that you could read it over and over and never get tired of it” (213). Jane’s book not only reflects her character but is a time capsule of their summer at Arundel. Sabrina Starr Rescues a Boy becomes a way for them to fondly remember their friend Jeffrey and the summer that changed them all. Jane’s book symbolizes her as a person too, and after Dexter Dupree destroys her confidence, her ripping the book apart is emblematic of how she feels on the inside. Mr. Penderwick rescues the book and his daughter’s soul by encouraging her to forget Dexter’s empty words, embrace her greatness, and republish the book. Jane gifts Jeffrey a copy of it before they depart, symbolizing their friendship, and as the Penderwicks take their last look at Arundel, the author brings the bookish motif full circle: “[…] with light hearts and consciences and the glad relief that comes with happy endings” (260).

Batty’s Wings

Wearing costumes and playing dress-up is a normal part of childhood exploration and imagination. Batty, the youngest Penderwick sister, has a shy, anxious personality that keeps her out of the spotlight and sets her apart from her more outgoing older sisters. Along with her love of animals, Batty’s wings give her a distinctive personality and symbolize freedom, courage, and coming of age. Batty only removes her wings to sleep, and her sisters care for them as if they were a part of her body: “The butterfly wings were hanging on the closet doorknob, ready for morning” (29). Batty’s escape from the bull damages her wings, and her sisters prioritize their repair, not just to hide the near-tragedy from their father but also to protect her prized accessory. Batty’s wings give her character a sense of whimsy, yet they’re less about taking flight and more about distinguishing herself in a large family and feeling covered and grounded when she’s scared.

While the Penderwicks see Batty’s wings as an essential part of her identity, Mrs. Tifton and her boyfriend view them as silly costuming: “Dexter made the wings sound extremely ill-bred and tacky” (133). Mrs. Tifton and Dexter don’t appreciate children and therefore don’t understand the importance of Batty’s adornment. As Batty becomes increasingly fearful of Mrs. Tifton, she trembles and hides whenever she’s near, and after she overhears Mrs. Tifton’s arrogant rant against the family, Batty’s wings outwardly display her inner sadness. “Batty’s wings drooped and her tears flowed like waterfalls” (184). To Batty, her father and sisters are her heroes, and the moment represents a loss of innocence for the winged girl. However, when Mrs. Tifton barges into the cottage looking for Jeffrey, Batty feels her family is threatened and finds the courage to stand up to Mrs. Tifton. As the Penderwicks prepare to leave, Batty begs for one last meeting with Jeffrey, and the family marvels at the smallest yet bravest member of their family: “[…] she’s taking off her wings and giving them to Jeffrey!” (261) Before a caterpillar becomes a butterfly, it must endure the chrysalis phase of its development. Batty has endured living without a mother and knows a few things about hardship and grief. She recognizes that Jeffrey is preparing to undergo a significant change in his life and lends him her wings, symbolically lending him some of her courage for his journey ahead.

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