107 pages • 3 hours read
Ken LiuA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
This story moves back and forth between a father reading anecdotes to his daughter about the cognition of alien races, and the tale of a mother leaving her family to join a space program. The anecdotes feature the Telosians, who record every stimuli and shed segments with old memories; the Esoptrons, who live in a sea and meet to exchange memories, absorbing each other’s experiences; the Tick-Tocks, a uranium-based lifeform whose thoughts are nuclear reactions; and the Thereals, who sent their children away at speeds approaching that of light to become the last living beings in the universe.
Thinking is a form of compression, the parent says, asking their daughter if she remembers trying chocolate for the first time. The mother says, “We have children because we can’t remember our own first tastes of ambrosia” (194). A memory, says the parent, is a re-creation, a sketch, “precious because it is both more and less than the original” (195).
The father tells the child, your mother wants to leave. He relates how they met and how she said she wanted to go to Mars. She told him about her childhood living on a boat. Her first memory was the boat sinking while they waited for rescue, an event that led to a month-long hospitalization and something valuable: fearlessness. She compares Earth to a boat in space.
The protagonist’s mother is excited because she has joined the SETL (search for extra-terrestrial life) program. A group will travel over a century to a point in space 550 AU from the sun so that they can place an antenna at the focus of the sun’s gravitational lens, allowing for faster communication with the other end of the galaxy. The mother wants her daughter to come.
The father thought his wife would stay because of their child, but love takes different forms. He tells the mother she can’t make the choice for their daughter, but she says he’s making a choice for the daughter by keeping her. They all cry. The mother leaves.
The father, speaking to his daughter, tells her that her mother is asleep aboard the ship Focal Point, and will not awaken till many years have passed. He says that they will get to their target, listen, and broadcast, hoping another species will hear. As it turns out, the two of them are reading the book she wrote for her daughter before she left, full of words and pictures telling fairy tales. It is “an apologia, a bundle of letters home, and a map of the uncharted waters of our souls” (207).
Like the first tale in this book of short stories, the narrative moves from alien race to alien race, looking at the unique ways that they think and how their consciousnesses operate. As with “The Bookmaking Habits of Select Species,” these anecdotes are creative and compelling, allowing readers a sense of wonder. Each could be the foundation of a new story.
The passages about aliens makes readers consider the meaning of experience, of communication, of memory, and of cognition. One of the themes that Liu explores here is consciousness as compression. Compression refers to how observations are minimized by identifying patterns within data and affects both prediction and understanding. As the story ends, the reader learns that the mother has compressed her memories and experiences into a story for her daughter.
Of the alien ruminations, the most memorable is that of the Thereals, a dying race that ensured that their children would out-survive all other beings in the universe. This race’s uniqueness is poignant because it touches upon every parent’s hope that their children will outlive them. In the story, however, the daughter’s mother will outlive her, as the mother will be traveling in space for over a century.
The story is full of love and regret—from the father, who remembers his wife fondly and perhaps wonders if he has held his daughter back from something amazing, and from the mother, whose love for her daughter is strong, but whose longing for “the sea of stars” is stronger.
The main theme of this tale, as highlighted in a continual refrain, is that love comes in many forms. Just because the mother left, doesn’t mean she loves her daughter any less; she is working toward the future. Just because the father prevented her from going, doesn’t mean he loves his daughter any less; he wants to keep her safe. The story ends with the words: “There are many ways to say I love you in this cold, dark, silent universe, as many as the twinkling stars” (207).
This story is the only one that was new for the publication of The Paper Menagerie in 2016. Liu called it his “favorite out of all the short stories I’ve written.”