52 pages • 1 hour read
Beverley NaidooA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The children begin writing. Sade hears children whispering that she is spelling her name wrong, and one says, “Don’t need to spell in the bush!” (119). Mr. Morris stops two girls, Marcia and Donna, from talking, and they ask him why Sade does not have a long name like other people from Africa do and what her name means. The teacher assigns them to write about a place that is special to them and to use sensory details, and Marcia says that is disgusting because her favorite place is in Jamaica at her grandmother’s, and she has bad-smelling cows. Afterward, Donna asks Sade her name again and where she is from. When Sade answers, she asks her why she speaks English if she is from Nigeria, and Sade explains that they have numerous languages. Marcia tells her not to show off and then asks whether her mother in Africa taught her manners. Marcia tells Sade that she is not allowed to do her English homework. Mariam tells Sade that Marcia does not like Africans.
Femi is watching television and does not answer when Sade calls him. The color in the King home “defied the grayness outside” (126). Sade considers that Marcia has relatives in Jamaica, and Jamaicans come from Africa. Therefore, it does not make sense to Sade that Marcia does not like Africans. Sade tells Auntie Gracie that school was fine and then remembers Mama’s admonishments against lying. Mama Appiah calls, and Sade tells her about Mariam. Sade wonders if something awful happened to Mariam’s family as well. That night, Sade has a dream that includes Marcia, Joseph, and Papa. Papa tells her that “bullies are cowards” (129). Mama is shot, and Marcia tells Sade that the bullet was meant for Sade. Sade wakes up and remembers Papa saying that they have to stand up to bullies. She wonders if Papa’s opinion has changed now that Mama is dead.
Sade decides to do the homework, and then she can decide in class if she will turn it in. Before she can get into the building, Donna grabs her and takes her to Marcia. There are two other girls and Kevin there. They take her English book, and Marcia rips out the homework and crumples it. She tells her, “YOU are NO ONE” (134). Sade does not speak. The children leave, and Sade grabs the papers. She thinks telling an adult will make matters worse. In class, Donna volunteers to collect the books and announces that Sade has not done her homework. She says, “Perhaps she doesn’t understand English properly” (136). Mr. Morris asks Sade to turn it in tomorrow, and the children argue that she is granted this allowance either because she is a girl or because she is African. Sade does not know what to do in a situation where people tell lies.
Sade wishes she could be like the characters in Mama Buki’s stories who are able to trick larger animals. She wonders why Marcia always talks about Africa so much and why she hates Africans. Sade continues to have nightmares in which Papa is unable to stop Marcia. Mama Appiah asks for information about Sade’s home so the International Red Cross can help, but Sade thinks answering such questions is dangerous for Papa while he is still in Nigeria. The children say they want to call their uncle in Lagos, and they dial Papa’s number, but twice there is no answer. Sade does not like lying about who they are calling. Auntie Gracie tries looking up their uncle, but Sade knows she will not find him, because they lied and used their mother’s last name. Sade realizes that Femi has been trying to block all the thoughts and questions that torment her. She does not think this is fair, because it leaves her alone with them. She goes into his room at night, but he will not talk to her.
Sade feels sorry for Femi because he looks so miserable. She thinks he looks like a tortoise. He pays no attention to other children at school. Marcia and Donna confront Sade again, and they tell her that she has to steal a lighter from Mariam’s uncle’s store that afternoon. If she does not do it, Marcia’s cousin will make life difficult for Femi at his school. In school, Mariam asks Sade what the other two girls wanted, but Sade does not tell her. Sade remembers her father telling her that they have to stand up to bullies, but she does not know if teachers would help her, and she thinks that getting Marcia in trouble will make matters even worse for Femi. During lunch, Sade and Mariam go to the library, and Sade picks a book with a girl on the cover looking through a broken mirror. The girl looks terrified. Sade remembers Mariam looking at that cover last week. Mariam tells Sade her family story.
The librarian asks Sade and Mariam to help after school. Mariam says she will help for a little while, but Sade says she cannot. She knows that if Papa were there, he would have helped her make a plan to deal with Marcia. Sade feels even worse stealing from Mariam’s family now that she knows their story. She knows that she has to protect Femi because she is the oldest, and her parents expected more from her because of that. Mariam tells Sade that she never tells anyone about her family, but she told Sade because they are friends. Sade decides not to steal, but then Marcia and Donna take her to the store. They distract Mariam’s mom and uncle while Sade steals the lighter. Sade believes that they will describe the three girls to Mariam after school, and Mariam will know that she stole something. That night she has a headache, and Femi comes in and gives her a comic as an apology.
Mariam’s story is told. Soldiers came to her house and dragged her father out, calling him a dog, not a man. Mariam has not seen her father since this incident. The president is the one who ordered him to be taken. Afterward, the area was bombed, including Mariam’s house. The soldiers then came back and set fire to houses and shot men and boys. Mariam’s mom knew they had to leave, or Hassan, Mariam’s brother, would be killed. They walked a long way and then finally got a donkey to take turns riding. There were bodies piled up on the side of the road. Mariam’s mom got really ill, and Mariam learned that her mother was pregnant, but the baby died. They made it to Mogadishu, where they took a very crowded boat to Kenya. They ran out of water, and there was a horrible storm. When they made it to Kenya, there were soldiers there to take them to a refugee camp where people lived in tents. They lived in the camp for six years. The president fled, and things started to get better. They were considering going back home when Mariam’s mom got a letter telling her that Mariam’s father died in jail. They decided to go to London to live with Mariam’s uncle, but Hassan refused to go with them. He wanted to go back home and find out exactly what happened to his father. They have not heard from him since.
Mariam is also now in Sade’s nightmares. Mama Appiah says that she is going to come over because she has news for the children. She asks them if they know Folarin Solaja, and they tell her that he is their father. When Papa learned that the children were missing in London, he got a fake passport and came immediately, but he did not tell immigration officials that he was seeking asylum. Sade thinks about how Papa always tells the truth but did not this one time because he was fearful for his children. He is now being detained. Mama Appiah found Papa because she was at the detention facility, and he asked her if she had heard of any children whose last name is Solaja. She said no, but then when he mentioned the first names, she knew they must be the same children. The children talk to their father on the phone.
Femi asks Sade to play with him. That night, Sade imagines her father being fingerprinted and behind bars. On their way to visit their father, Sade mentions a story about a tortoise flying through the sky. The prison is near Oxford, and Sade remembers the Oxford English Dictionary that their father had and that they frequently consulted. At the facility, Heathlands, Sade sees The Eyes who watch over everyone. She cannot bring herself to smile at the jailers. Papa comes in, but he looks different because he is thinner and has facial hair. They sit in red chairs. Papa explains that the police cut off their phone line in Nigeria, and that is why they could not reach him. Papa is glad they are in school, and Sade does not mention the bullies. Mr. Nathan is going to help Papa legally. Sade wants to stay with Papa after visiting hours, but children are not allowed. Papa tells her they have to be patient, but Sade thinks that this does not sound like him.
This chapter consists of letters written back and forth between Papa and Sade. Papa apologizes for having to pull Sade off him to make her leave the facility. He believes the authorities will understand why he did what he did. Sade tells her father that she is ashamed of how she behaved when she did not want to leave, and she thinks she made matters worse by not giving people in London her real last name. Papa then asks Femi to write to him like Sade does. Papa tells Sade that she need not be ashamed and that while they raised her not to lie, she was in a very difficult situation that required secrecy of her. Papa has made friends while in detention, and he hopes to search for Uncle Dele soon.
Sade writes to her father and says that “there are good secrets and bad secrets” (177). Uncle Roy says that Papa can stay with them when he is released. She tells her father that European countries are planning to boycott Nigerian sports because Saro-Wawa was killed. She is surprised that the children in London know very little about Africa. Some people believe the continent is a single country. Meanwhile, in Nigeria, the children have to memorize European countries and their languages. Later that night, she writes in shock to learn that the immigration officials have not believed Papa’s story, and Sade thinks it might be better to act like a stone like Femi does. She knows it was wrong, but she listened in on a conversation between Mama Appiah and Auntie Gracie and learned that Nigerian officials are blaming Mama’s murder on Papa and are trying to get English authorities to send Papa into their custody. Sade believes that if they had told the truth from the beginning, no one would believe this current lie by the Nigerian authorities.
Marcia and Donna’s bullying of Sade provides examples of explicit racism and stereotyping that stand in contrast to the immigration officials’ ignorance earlier in the novel. Marcia and Donna are portrayed as hating African people solely because they are from Africa; the girls know very little about the continent. Nigeria used to be a part of the United Kingdom, just as England is, but the interactions at Avon School show that while Nigerian children were taught about Europe, European children were not taught about Africa. This shows a marked lack of interest in other people and cultures on the part of the English schools, particularly people who used to be a part of the same empire. It also demonstrates how knowledge of Western countries is viewed as more beneficial for African people than knowledge of African countries is for European people. The reason for this is the power structures at place in the world; this values system reflects the legacy of colonialism, which prioritizes white European languages and cultural practices. Marcia has no desire to really know anything about Sade, which shows that she is not interested in getting past stereotypes and seeing Sade or Mariam as unique individuals. To her, they are nothing more than their continent of origin, which Marcia views as inferior to Europe.
The decisions Folarin made to stand up to the government have life-changing repercussions for his family. The novel starts with the question of whether Folarin’s wisdom matches his courage. Sade considers this, but at this point in the novel, she is not prepared to answer the question. She is unwilling to blame her father for what happened to their mother or to her and Femi, but she does question whether or not her father has changed his mind after seeing the consequences of his choices. This conflict is juxtaposed with Sade’s problems with Marcia and Donna, as she has to decide how to respond to the two bullies. Ultimately, she will be faced with a similar dilemma to her father’s, but on a smaller scale, when she has to decide whether to steal from Mariam to save Femi. Pondering her father’s actions and their repercussions will help inform her decision.
Marcia represents the dehumanizing power of discrimination and bigotry. Sade has written an essay about Africa to turn in in class, but Marcia takes this paper and destroys it. This action represents the ways in which white civilization has disrupted and destroyed aspects of African civilizations. Marcia then goes on to tell Sade that she is nothing. This is more than just a means by which Marcia can torment Sade; it also shows that she does not see Sade as human. If the relationship between Sade and Marcia can be seen as symbolic of the relationship between colonized and colonizer, then by extension this scene demonstrates how the English dehumanized the people who lived in colonized lands and attempted to destroy African cultures and identities.
Sade’s thoughts about Femi in Chapter 24 illustrate the unfairness of the responsibility that their current predicament forces her to assume. Throughout the novel, Femi increasingly withdraws into himself. He is no more willing to talk to Sade than he is to anyone else. Finally, in this chapter, Sade begins to realize how his actions affect her. His distancing and shutting down leave her with no one on her side. Although people try to help the children, she does not feel comfortable revealing most of her information to them; as a result, the children may receive less help than they otherwise could have. Femi, as the younger child, has the option to withdraw because he knows Sade will take care of them the best she can. It becomes apparent in future moments that he understands this dynamic because when Sade cannot speak, he stands up for both of them. Still, he is willing to cede all responsibility to her while she desperately wishes she could get advice from her parents. Because she has no one to lean on, she grows up quickly. She develops much more than Femi does as a character because he never gives himself much space for growth.
The broken mirror on the book cover that Sade looks at in Chapter 25 represents the way she sees herself. In many ways, she is a broken person. She has lost, at least temporarily, everyone she loves except Femi, and he has withdrawn from her. She lost her home, her country, and her culture. What is perhaps most troubling for her, however, is that she feels she has lost herself through the lies she tells and the decisions she makes to help keep other people safe. The broken mirror also illustrates that Sade is unable to look at herself through a proper lens. Her perception is broken. This is also a picture that Mariam has been known to gaze at as someone else who is unable to see herself clearly in this land that is so foreign to them both.
The Other Side of Truth serves, in part, as a testament to The Effects of Political Corruption in Nigeria. The corruption is not limited to Nigeria, however, as Mariam’s story draws attention to Somalian corruption. This is an important part of the novel, as it expands the scope of this message. Previously, a Black man tells the children and Mrs. Bankole that the world has become smaller. In some ways it has, as people can speak out and reach people in other lands more easily. The novel shows that because of this increased access to others, it is even more important that people speak out. Naidoo documents atrocities and urges advocacy from those who have the power to resist corrupt regimes. As is mentioned in the author’s note at the end of the book, Mariam’s family is fictional, but the violent events she describes really happened.
African Literature
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