60 pages • 2 hours read
N. K. JemisinA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section contains references to bigotry and enslavement in a fantasy setting, as well as to forced reproduction and child abuse.
The narrator—revealed to be a stone eater named Hoa in The Fifth Season—states that he has been telling the story wrong by focusing merely on Essun. After explaining that Essun (and by extension Damaya and Syenite) is the amalgamation of everyone she has known and lost, he shifts focus to Nassun, her surviving daughter.
On her way home from creche one day, Nassun is awestruck when she passes by a lorist who has set up shop in the town. Lorists are the caste primarily responsible for studying “stonelore” (humanity’s amassed wisdom, especially about Seasons), and they travel from comm to comm surviving off their ability to tell stories. Nassun desperately wants to get away from her mother, so this life appeals to her. The next day, she skips creche to seek the lorist out. Like her mother, Nassun is an orogene, meaning she has the ability to manipulate kinetic energy and to “sess” seismic activity around her. She uses these abilities to find a diamond in a mineral deposit below the town and offers it to the lorist in return for an apprenticeship. The lorist initially accepts the offering but returns it to Nassun’s father, Jija, the next day.
Learning that Nassun somehow found a diamond sets off alarms for Jija. He has previously noticed things he found worrying about his wife and children (all of whom are orogenes) but always ignored them. Later that day, Nassun’s brother, Uche, wakes up from his nap and asks about the shiny stone in Jija’s pocket, despite being unable to see it. This confirms Jija’s suspicions, and in a fit of rage, he beats Uche to death. Upon returning home from creche, Nassun discovers Jija standing over Uche’s body. Defensively, she appeals to Jija’s love for her (she was always his favorite), which saves her life. She confirms that she is an orogene and, because it means escaping her mother, agrees to leave with Jija, who wants to take her somewhere “[he] heard of, where they can help [her]” (11).
In Castrima, Alabaster is accompanied by a stone eater named Antimony and is slowly turning into stone himself. He asks Essun if she knows anything about the moon and if she can call the obelisks to her yet. Essun has no idea what he is talking about but accepts his task of attempting to call an obelisk. Alabaster is initially frustrated by Essun’s ignorance and indifference, and she is annoyed by his reluctance to explain anything, but the two are happy to see one another after all this time.
Essun is surprised when Ykka, the self-trained orogene and comm leader of Castrima, asks her and Hoa to advise her in running the comm. Unsure of her long-term plans now that the trail for Nassun and Jija has gone cold, Essun reluctantly accepts the position. They are then joined by Cutter, another self-trained orogene from Castrima who has only recently come out as an orogene, and Hjarka, a member of the leadership class who actively does not want to be a headwoman. These four form Ykka’s advisory council and have a meeting about the comm’s needs. The topics range from personal complaints about things like the water not being hot enough to more existential threats like having no meat and grain stores being infected by fungus. Essun feels overwhelmed by the sudden change in priorities. Until now she had a single goal and purpose—finding Nassun—and did not have to consider the well-being of anyone else.
After the meeting, Essun stays behind, wanting to talk to Ykka in private. She vaguely explains why she wants to go to the surface. Ykka is intrigued and gathers a group of Strongbacks (laborers) to go with them. On the surface, the air is a haze of ash, and it is impossible to see far in any direction. The first obelisk Essun finds is not the one she expected and feels potentially more powerful. She calls it onyx and knows that it “hears” her. She then finds the topaz, the obelisk she was initially looking for, and calls it as well. Satisfied that she has accomplished Alabaster’s task, she warns Ykka not to reach out to the obelisks because to do so would likely be fatal. Hoa hasn’t been paying attention to the skies or what Essun is doing. Instead, he is focused on a small mound of dirt that contains desiccated animal parts and appears to scare him. They quickly descend back into Castrima.
The narrator shifts to Schaffa, suggesting that he is an important part of Essun as well—or at least that he was until he became someone else after the events at Meov.
The story jumps back to the Guardians’ attack on Meov and Syenite’s counterattack. Schaffa is suffering from blast injuries that are severe enough to kill him. As he starts to drown, he panics, which is the first and worst sin a Guardian can commit. The entity that he lets in during this moment of panic (later revealed to be Father Earth) offers him the opportunity to live. Despite knowing that death would be a better alternative to the price it will demand, Schaffa allows it to take over. Driven by the power of this new anger, he struggles to the surface, all the while feeling parts of his brain slowly dying: “What remains is a man with a habit of smiling, a warped paternal instinct, and a rage that is not wholly his own driving everything he does from now on” (42).
Schaffa is discovered on the shores near Allia by a man named Litz and does not remember much of anything. Litz is from a coastal comm nearby and provides Schaffa with food, water, and shelter as he recovers. While there, Schaffa meets a young boy named Eitz (grandson of Litz), who realizes that Schaffa is a Guardian. Eitz is an orogene and is terrified that he will either hurt someone or be discovered by his family. The conversation triggers an instinct in Schaffa, and he agrees to help the boy. He presses his hand to the back of the boy’s neck and draws out something he knows he needs but can’t remember the name of. This unnamed something refreshes and energizes Schaffa, though he stops because he senses it would kill the boy if he took too much. Schaffa starts to explain to Eitz’s mother that he is going to take him away but ends up killing all the adults in the family instead. Schaffa knows he is supposed to take the boy somewhere but can’t remember where. He instead allows the angry whispers in his head to steer him south.
Essun wakes from the most restful sleep she’s had in months to the sound of screaming somewhere outside her new apartment in Castrima. At first, she considers ignoring it and going back to sleep, but the look of pity on Hoa’s usually stoic face convinces her otherwise.
Upon arrival at the infirmary, Essun notices the screaming man smells of hot fat and that his clothes have wet patches all over them. He is covered by small little iridescent dots embedded in his skin that Essun learns are small bugs. The bugs are so hot they burn Lerna, the comm doctor, when he tries to remove them by hand, and they spit boiling hot water whenever someone gets near them with forceps. Alabaster remains on the other side of the infirmary, and Essun feels him pinpoint one of the boilbugs and freeze it. The task is too exhausting for Alabaster to repeat in his current state, but Essun realizes what to do and she proceeds to remove the remaining bugs.
A short time later, Lerna approaches Essun outside the infirmary, visibly shaken because he is going to have to kill the man anyway; during a Season, only those who are strong enough to be productive are allowed to survive. Lerna accosts Essun about why she is there and demands to know how long the Season will last (rumors are spreading that she told Ykka it would be thousands of years). He reveals that he knows from Alabaster’s injuries that he caused the Season. Before storming off, Lerna asks what she and Alabaster are doing with the obelisks and what she plans to do about the Season. Essun is stunned by Lerna’s anger and hasn’t really considered that there is anything she could or should do about anything.
Nearby, Ykka is shouting at a young man protesting the decision to kill his friend because of the boilbug injuries. When Essun approaches, Ykka calls her “Bugkiller” and is upset that she stepped in to help; it put all the weight of the decision on her and shifted it from an act based in mercy to one of pragmatism and comm policy.
Like the previous entry in the series, The Obelisk Gate is interested in exploring questions about person- and selfhood: who gets to count as a person, what makes a person who they are, what external factors apply pressure to a person’s sense of selfhood, and how people form a coherent sense of identity out of the often disparate experiences that make up their lives. One way The Fifth Season digs into these ideas is through its unconventional narrative structure: It jumps around between three ostensibly different characters who are eventually revealed to be the same person at different points in her life. This structure highlights a couple of things: first, that an especially traumatic event can cause a rift so large that it is difficult to feel like the same person afterward; and second, people can decide or be forced to adopt a new identity as a result.
The Obelisk Gate drops this structure, but not the thematic focus on identity and selfhood. Instead of focusing on three versions of the same person, it focuses on three different characters (Essun, Nassun, and Schaffa) whose overlapping relationships, for better or worse, have played a significant role in shaping who all three of them are. Hoa explains the change as an important one because “a person is herself, and others. Relationships chisel the final shape of one’s being” (1). After tackling the ways that a person’s experiences can render their sense of self less coherent and unified, Jemisin’s new target is the way other people can shape one’s identity.
The gravitational pull that these characters have on one another’s identities is immediately evident in Nassun’s introduction and recurs throughout her portion of the novel. As an eight-year-old who has never left Tirimo, Nassun does not have much knowledge about the world nor many strong opinions. However, she knows one thing: She wants to get away from her mother as soon as possible. Because Nassun’s decisions in this first chapter are so completely based around her rejection of Essun, she actually ends up making Essun the primary determining force in her life, albeit indirectly. The revelation that Nassun wants to get away from her mother is unexpected given that Essun spent the entirety of The Fifth Season attempting to rescue Nassun from Jija. This is an early reminder not to base one’s assumptions on a limited perspective—an idea that will gain thematic importance for Essun in particular as the plot advances.
The introduction of Schaffa’s perspective establishes a recursive link in the identity chain between him, Essun, and Nassun while raising additional questions about the nature of identity and selfhood. Before being caught in an explosion caused by Syenite, he reflects that “[he] does genuinely care about her [...] It isn’t all about control. She’s his little one, and he has protected her in more ways than she knows” (38). In the coming chapters, it emerges that Essun taught Nassun to control herself the same way she was taught at the Fulcrum—even going so far as to break her hand as a test the same way Schaffa broke hers. With this in mind, the link between Schaffa and Essun becomes clear. Essun thinks about Nassun the way Schaffa did about Damaya and Syenite, rationalizing the abuse as a necessary learning experience. This repetitive pattern of identity formation introduces the theme of Parent-Child Relationships and Cycles of Trauma. Ironically, Nassun will soon end up with Schaffa, and their identities will all intersect again.
By N. K. Jemisin