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Marion Zimmer BradleyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Prologue-Part 1, Chapter 3
Part 1, Chapters 4-6
Part 1, Chapters 7-10
Part 1, Chapters 11-13
Part 1, Chapters 14-16
Part 1, Chapters 17-20
Part 2, Chapters 1-3
Part 2, Chapters 4-6
Part 2, Chapters 7-11
Part 2, Chapters 12-14
Part 2, Chapters 15-17
Part 3, Chapters 1-3
Part 3, Chapters 4-6
Part 3, Chapters 7-10
Part 3, Chapters 11-13
Part 4, Chapters 1-3
Part 4, Chapters 4-6
Part 4, Chapters 7-10
Part 4, Chapters 11-13
Part 4, Chapter 14-Epilogue
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Gwenhwyfar is plagued with dreams of Morgaine taking her to the Beltane fires to be received by Lancelet. She begs Arthur to ban the ritual, but Taliesin intervenes, saying that the peasants have few other sources of genuine joy and that it would be unfair of Arthur to dictate an individual’s innermost thoughts and beliefs. Gwenhwyfar says that a ruler must use their power to enforce right and wrong.
Arthur leads Gwenhwyfar to the edge of Camelot’s walls. He reflects on his promise and appears apprehensive at his betrayal. Gwenhwyfar is concerned that his head is filled with “pagan nonsense” and reminds him, “[W]hen you turned to the one true God, then did he give you that greatest of victories, so that you drove the Saxons forth from this island for all of time” (427). Arthur says there is no way to guarantee the security of any land forever. As they sit on the wall, they see Kevin riding up to the castle, accompanied by a mysterious figure they eventually recognize as Morgaine, who has been missing for five years. Morgaine does not respond to any questions about where she has been, saying only that she “had ill fortune […] on the road” (429).
During the spring, Lancelet falls ill. While Gwenhwyfar tends to him, he pulls her down to kiss her, telling her he can no longer live this way. He tells her to ask Arthur to send him to a different court. This causes her to weep, saying she does not know how she will survive without him. Lancelet tells her she is more than welcome to leave with him, but he will not force her to sacrifice her honor for him. For the first time, religion cannot guide her, and she tells him she does not know what she wants.
Kevin tells Morgaine that Viviane intends to come to Camelot at Pentecost, hoping to make Arthur remember his oath. He is about to speak to Arthur about the state of Avalon:
Avalon will not have it that he rule as a Christian king, whatever his private faith may be. […] And if he does so, then I am to say to him from the Lady: the hand which gave him the sacred sword of the Druids can turn it in his hand to smite him (436).
Arthur and Gwenhwyfar prepare for his customary Pentecost feast, in which all of his Companions eat with him at the round table and he hears from prospective knights, no matter their rank.
As Morgaine creeps into Kevin’s chambers for the night, he tells her that Arthur did not listen to him: “[W]hile he would not persecute any man for following what Gods he liked, still he would stand with the priests and the church […] [I]f [the Lady of Avalon] would have back the sword, she could come and take it” (438). Morgaine’s heart sinks, fearing for the futures of both Avalon and Arthur.
Gwenhwyfar awakens on Beltane sickened by the holiday and its fertility rituals. She is upset that many pagans will likely fall pregnant tonight, while she remains infertile. She seeks Morgaine for counsel. Gwenhwyfar tells her that she thinks she is cursed and pleads with Morgaine to use magic to help her become pregnant. When Morgaine refuses, Gwenhwyfar tells her she will go to Dragon Island and participate in the Beltane rites as an absolute last resort. Recalling her own experience there and the fear she felt, Morgaine tells Gwenhwyfar she must not go. Impulsively, she tells Gwenhwyfar that Arthur has a son he is unaware of, whom Morgause is fostering. Gwenhwyfar still resolves to produce an heir on her own, and Morgaine finally agrees to give Gwenhwyfar a charm, warning her that charms are bound by their own magic and that it may not work as she hopes.
Later in the night, Arthur and his companions enjoy a drunken feast. Lancelet and Gwenhwyfar carry Arthur back to their chambers, and as Lancelet prepares to leave, Arthur calls him back. He says that he has something to say that he would never have the courage to bring up if he was sober. He tells Lancelet about the proposition he once made to Gwenhwyfar, saying that if she were to get pregnant by another man he would claim the son as his own. Since it is obvious that Lancelet and Gwenhwyfar have feelings for each other, he proposes that they all sleep together. This way, if Gwenhwyfar conceives, she will not be able to conclusively say the child is not Arthur’s. He and Lancelet decide that the choice is ultimately Gwenhwyfar’s. She agrees, accidentally discarding the charm as Lancelet kisses her.
Chapter 15 shows Gwenhwyfar’s growing influence in the court. This is particularly evident in her argument with Taliesin. Though there is no shortage of theological debates in The Mists of Avalon, it is curious that Gwenhwyfar specifically chose to challenge Taliesin. As the Merlin, Taliesin has advised leaders with a wide variety of beliefs. Even Uther, who was completely against sorcery, accepted his counsel. Gwenhwyfar’s choice to debate Taliesin on the duties of a ruler show that she has grown surer in her quest to rid magic from the land and will not accept any middle ground. Her passion allows her to outgrow her timid nature.
In Chapter 16, Morgaine and Kevin discuss Arthur’s newfound piety:
“He told me that the folk of England were a Christian people, and while he would not persecute any man for following what Gods he liked, still he would stand with the priests and the Church as they had stood by his throne” (438). This shows how Arthur is attempting to preserve his values in the face of Gwenhwyfar’s imposition, trying to end the oath before he officially breaks it. It also exposes the hypocrisy of both Arthur and Viviane. Arthur is willing to break the oath when the people of Avalon have stood by his throne, upholding their part of the bargain. However, Arthur is also fulfilling his initial promise to Gwenhwyfar by allowing her to rule beside him. As a matriarchal society, Avalon should understand his desire to let Gwenhwyfar share his power.
Despite her newfound influence in the court, Gwenhwyfar finds her faith wavering. Chapter 17 illuminates the various circumstances—often times of suffering—under which this happens. During a particularly powerful moment of pining for Lancelet, Gwenhwyfar thinks, “I cannot even pray for peace of mind. I have forfeited the right to pray” (445). When Gwenhwyfar sees Lancelet looking at Morgaine, she feels as though she is being punished for her emotional adultery and that there is no longer any need for faith. It is a moment of sorrow where Gwenhwyfar’s emotions are palpable, and it shows her desperation for a child is growing every day. However, she also ignores her God in moments where she knows she cannot commit to his standards. During her night with Arthur and Lancelet, she thinks, “It was this I wanted, after all; after all these years it is certain that I am barren, I will bear no child, but I will have had this at least” (449). Gwenhwyfar abandons her faith here for very different reasons. Arthur has given her permission to sleep with Lancelet before, but her faith got in the way. Gwenhwyfar ignoring her faith is an important development in her relationship with both men.