47 pages • 1 hour read
Philip K. DickA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Frank visits his former employers. Before he can ask them to rehire him, Mr. Wyndam-Matson claims that he has already "hired someone to take your place" (30). As he collects his tools, Frank is approached by his former foreman, Ed McCarthy. Ed explains that he admires Frank's attitude and skillset; he believes they could go into the jewelry manufacturing business. The Wyndam-Matson Corporation covertly manufactures "forgeries of pre-war American artifacts" (31) that are sold in shops like Childan’s, who Ed believes will buy authentic, American-made jewelry. The Japanese are fascinated by such items and make the counterfeit industry very lucrative. Frank—who specializes in making "small arms of the American Civil War and Frontier period" (31)—thinks about Ed's proposal while consulting the I Ching in the lounge at the factory. When the I Ching suggests that a new business venture would be a positive move but warns that "the hour of doom is at hand" (33), Frank is puzzled. He wonders whether the terrible future might be another world war and "civilization wiped out" (33). He decides to accept Ed's proposal. Ed invites Frank to dinner as he has a plan to obtain the funds they will need to start the business. Frank is hopeful that a successful business might help him "get Juliana back" (35).
Childan closes his store, still worrying over his encounter with Tagomi. A neatly-dressed white man enters the store and explains that he has been sent by a Japanese Admiral with a business proposal. The Admiral wants to buy Civil War-era weapons for all of his officers. Childan is excited by the lucrative deal; however, when he presents the man with a sample pistol, the man says that it is a fake. The man leaves the store, refusing to deal with an antiques dealer who cannot properly authenticate his products. Childan has lost a massive deal and—he fears—his reputation. He believes he is "ruined" (37). Desperate to prove the man wrong and considering suicide, he has the University of California inspect the pistol. They agree that the gun is fake but admit that the forgery is of a high standard. Childan explodes with rage. He chases down the man who supplied him with the pistol, Ray Calvin. As Childan waits for Ray, he telephones a newspaper to enquire about the Admiral's ship, the Syokaku. He is told that the ship sank decades ago. Wondering why a stranger would visit his store to reveal the inauthenticity of his products, Childan plots ahead to his meeting with Ray and how he can "hand hot potato back along line" (39).
Wyndam-Matson has dinner with a young woman. His meal is interrupted by a telephone call from a furious Ray Calvin, who demands to know why he was sold "lousy fakes" (40). When Wyndam-Matson points out that Ray knew the guns were fake, Ray insists that he demanded fakes of a higher quality. He wants his money back, explaining how Childan received a visited from an unnamed man. The factory owner suspects that Frank Frink might have been the mysterious stranger. He plans to bribe Frank and Ed for now but to pay a police contact to delve into their past for "anything of use" (41). He suspects that Frank is Jewish and, if he reveals this to the authorities, Frank will be sent to a gas chamber in New York. Promising Ray that he will resolve the situation, Wyndam-Matson returns to his meal.
Rita, the young woman with whom he is sharing his meal, suggests that he go to the authorities. Wyndam-Manton sticks to his plan to bribe Frank to ensure that news of the forgeries does not get out. He argues with Rita over the reality of antiques and that authenticity means "nothing really" (42). To prove his point, he shows her two cigarette lighters that were supposedly in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's pocket when he was assassinated in 1933; one is real, one is fake. He insists that the only real difference is the authenticity certificate. The argument annoys Rita and she asks to be taken home. At the same time, she sees a book belonging to Wyndam-Matson's wife titled The Grasshopper Lies Heavy, which imagines an alternative history in which German and Japan lost World War II. Rita praises the book, but Wyndam-Matson dismisses it as nonsense, claiming that the Allied forces could never have beaten the Axis powers because they were ruined in World War I, "morally and spiritually" (44). He insists that history can only have happened one way.
Tagomi hosts the meeting with Baynes in his home. They talk about the I Ching and, inspired by the stuffed head mounted on Tagomi's wall, the extinct American buffalo, which he refers to as the "creature which sustained the aboriginal in the bygone days"(45). Togami is frustrated by Baynes's unexpected announcement that they cannot begin their meeting in earnest until they are joined by an elderly Japanese man who is arriving in San Francisco in a few days. He asks Tagomi to keep the man's arrival quiet for tax reasons. The old man, Baynes says, is named Shinjiro Watanabe and he loves to discuss flowers, particularly rhododendrons. Annoyed, Togami mentions how the Nazis kill their elderly people once they reach a certain age. Baynes is confused. He wonders whether his conversation with Lotze might have caused an unexpected issue. Announcing that he is feeling tired and that his head is sore, Baynes makes his excuses and leaves. Togami surprises Baynes with a gesture: He has recruited a young Swedish student to drive Baynes to his hotel. Baynes is aggravated; now, he must pretend to understand Swedish.
Juliana shops for groceries and reads magazine articles about German space exploration and the television, a recent Nazi invention. She wonders who will appear in these television shows as the Nazis killed most comedians "because most of them were Jewish" (49). She speculates about who will take over as the head of the Nazi state and fears that Baldur von Schirach, her preferred candidate because he "looks normal" (50), stands no chance. When she returns home, Joe is still asleep in her bed. When he wakes and dresses, Juliana shares a joke about Nazi attitudes toward Jewish people then asks him about his tattoo. Joe explains that the "blue letter C" (51) stands for “Cairo,” where he served with the Italian army during World War II. Juliana notices that he carries a medal among his few possessions and a copy of The Grasshopper Lies Heavy. He talks about the novel's alternative version of history, in which Italy betrays the Nazis leading to an Allied victory. Joe is annoyed that the book's depiction of "the cowardly Italian Army" (52) does not correspond with reality, in which the Italians have their own fascist empire in North Africa. As they speak, a radio broadcast announces the death of Martin Bormann. Juliana is surprised by the menacing side of Joe she had not previously noticed and notes that he defended the Nazis, claiming that they esteem "the dignity of labor" (54). Juliana criticizes Joe's cynical view of the world. Joe mentions that the author of the book is named Hawthorne Abendsen, and he lives in Cheyenne, Wyoming. According to the rumor, Abendsen lives in a mansion that is "practically a fortress" (56), named the High Castle. Joe and Juliana argue over whether Abendsen's novel depicts a better version of reality, and they argue about the Nazi policy of exterminating the Jewish people. Noting that Juliana seems "scared of men" (57), Joe assures her that he would never hurt her.
In San Francisco, Tagomi consider his situation. The student driver reported back that Baynes does not speak Swedish, so Tagomi's suspicions that Baynes is a spy seem correct. However, Tagomi looks forward to his meeting with Baynes and the mysterious elderly Japanese man. Tagomi is summoned to an important meeting to deal with the death of Martin Bormann. The Japanese officials discuss Bormann's likely successor. They believe either Hermann Goring, Joseph Goebbels, Reinhard Heydrich, Baldur von Schirach, or Doctor Seyss-Inquart will be elected. Each man has various atrocities attached to his name and seems to be suffering from some form of mental debilitation.
Togami feels suddenly ill and leaves the meeting. After listening to the list of violence and genocides perpetrated by the most powerful men in the world, he cannot help but think that evil is very real. He returns to his own office while listening to a colleague's explanation of what happened in the rest of the meeting. The Japanese authorities believe that, despite the astonishing violence committed by the powerful Nazi empire, the violent policies have been an economic disaster, saved only by "the formidable technological achievements of German science and industry" (61). As such, the Germans are likely to make "the worst, rather than the best, choice" (62) for their next leader. Tagomi tries to write a letter of condolence to the German embassy but cannot hide his mocking tone. He gives up, telling his secretary to do with the letter as she pleases. He receives a frantic phone call from Baynes, who hangs up quickly. Tagomi consults the I Ching, which tells him of impending "Oppression—Exhaustion" (64).
Frank consults the I Ching. Despite his fears, the Wyndam-Matson company pays him $2,000. He will use this money to start his jewelry business with Ed, which they plan to name Edfrank Custom Jewelers.
The discussion between Rita and Wyndam-Matson is one of the most important passages in the novel. Wyndam-Matson makes his living producing fake antiques to be sold through stores throughout the Pacific States of America. He argues with Rita that there is no discernable difference between the authentic antiques and the fakes that he produces. To the people who buy the fakes, the objects feel like real antiques. Whether the objects are authentic makes no material difference to these collectors. Reality is entirely subjective in this respect, as nothing can be trusted as true or real in any quantifiable sense. History or reality do not come with the authenticity certificate that accompanies the cigarette lighter that Wyndam-Matson shows to Rita. Instead, the characters must interact with and evaluate each and every subjective reality they encounter. There is no single, objective history. Instead, as Wyndam-Matson suggests, everyone is experiencing their own subjective version of reality and history, assembling what it means to be real by interacting with these unique and subjective perspectives.
Tagomi attends a meeting in which the Japanese officials discuss the likely candidates to take control of Nazi Germany. As the meeting proceeds through the profiles of the candidates, Tagomi listens to the crimes and violence perpetuated by each man. The experience makes him physically sick; he defies protocol and runs from the room, all too aware that this demonstration of weakness will reflect poorly on him. Tagomi's reaction foreshadows the problem that he will later encounter. When Baynes tells Tagomi about Operation Dandelion, he hints that a change in Nazi leadership might be the only way to avert the outbreak of World War III. Heydrich, Baynes says, is one of the few high-ranking Nazis who has no interest in going to war with Imperial Japan. However, Japan backing Heydrich in an internal power struggle within the Nazi party would be akin to a tacit endorsement of the long list of horrific actions that made Tagomi physically sick. The list of candidates to take over as chancellor reveals that decisions in The Man in the High Castle are not binary choices between good and evil. Instead, characters like Tagomi might be forced to ally with people who physically sicken them to avert an even more terrible fate.
When he reviews the discussions from the meeting between the Japanese officials, Togami is given an important piece of analysis. The Japanese note that the Nazis' policies of brutal violence, genocide, and society-wide discrimination are not economically beneficial. In fact, the result of their ideological commitment to violence is in danger of undermining the entire Nazi project. The Germans have only been saved by their advancements in technology, which have allowed them to deal with the blowback and the consequences of their violent policies. This observation by the Japanese reveals the lie that the Nazis tell about themselves. Characters such as Joe (an ardent Nazi) argue that the policies of Nazi Germany have led to the creation of a global empire, the likes of which the world has never seen. He argues in favor of the Nazi violence and points to the Nazi control of the world to justify the atrocities committed by the Nazis. However, the Japanese analysis reveals that these atrocities are a hindrance to the Nazis and that only chance and blind luck allow the Nazis to continue to succeed. Technology functions as a crutch to Nazi violence, allowing them to compensate for the destructive nature of their own policies. Without their technology, the Nazis would be undone by their unending thirst for blood. The fascist ideology will inevitably eat itself, the Japanese suggest, and they will continue to succeed only for as long as they can maintain a technological advantage. Nazis convince themselves that their ideology and their ethnic heritage are the reasons for their success, while the reality is far more banal.
By Philip K. Dick