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Patricia FordeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Letta forces herself to work, in spite of her questions. She thinks it’s more likely that Fearfall lied to Noa, than that Noa purposefully deceived her. In any case, she thinks she owes Benjamin further investigation.
Her association with Marlo has pulled her from the path laid out by Noa. She realizes that she can’t believe the Desecrators are actually an enemy. Letta suggests that Noa allow her to put “abstracts” on the list—meaning, words that express abstract concepts, rather than serving purely as functional, practical instruments. Letta ventures out to speak to Noa.
Amelia answers the door and leads her to a small waiting room. Letta is concerned when Amelia coughs horribly, sways, and her mouth turns blue. As Letta is led passed various rooms, she sees a trapped sparrow in a room, banging against a window. It collapses.
Nearby, behind a closed door, she hears Noa demanding results from someone. He asks if anyone has dealt with the wordsmith, referring to Benjamin. An unfamiliar voice says they will dispose of him tomorrow night. Then Noa asks if Benjamin was allied with the Desecrators. The voice says they don’t know. It says they tortured Benjamin and removed his fingernails, but he offered nothing. Noa insists that they will not kill him, but they will leave Benjamin in the forest.
When Noa exits the room, he sees Letta in the hall. She says it was nothing important and leaves. Outside, the healer tells her that Amelia has recovered, but all that matters to Letta is that Benjamin is still alive.
Letta wonders what Noa is planning that Benjamin wouldn’t agree to. Benjamin had told her that Noa really didn’t kill. Rather, he insisted that it was nature’s duty to dispose of the uncooperative. This is the first Letta has ever known of torture. Now she wants the people to see that Ark is built on lies and Noa is dangerous. When she sees Marlo, unexpectedly, he says he dreamed of her, which means she summoned him.
After he hugs her, Letta tells him the story. Marlo says she must act normal or the gavvers will know something is wrong. To that end, Letta opens the shop and works through the day. Later, she talks in Benjamin’s study with Marlo and Finn. Tonight is the night the gavvers will leave Benjamin in the forest. Before they can try to rescue him, they have to find out which of the city’s four gates they will take Benjamin through on the way to the forest. Letta believes that Noa will have to sign the banishment order. She can see it—and the specific gate—if she can get into Noa’s office.
Letta talks with Noa in his study, after asking to see him on wordsmith business. She says her purpose yesterday had been to ask him about adding words to the List, but they had both been distracted by Amelia’s distress. Letta wants to add one word: Hope. When she refers to the word as harmless, Noa disagrees. He says, “Here in Ark, we don’t hope. We do” (180).
After leaving his office, Letta explores. She goes into a laboratory filled with vats of water that contain paper. She realizes that Noa is destroying words, recycling the cards, and making new, blank paper from the pulp. He asked her and Benjamin to find every word, but he is destroying them instead, and they have unwittingly been helping him.
Letta hears Noa pass in the hall and goes to his office, where she sifts through a stack of papers on his desk. She hides under the desk just before Noa and a man named Len enter the office. Noa sits at the desk, almost touching Letta, and he tells Len that he has done a good job. They vaguely talk about something quick and painless that the scientists are optimistic about.
Noa says he never thought Benjamin could betray him. Len leaves the orders and leaves. As Letta’s legs cramp, she mentally recites the names of plants to calm herself. Noa finally leaves and she crawls out. On the desk, she sees the order for Benjamin’s banishment, including their approach through the South Gate. Then she makes it out of the house without being detected.
Noa thinks about the mockery that he and Benjamin received before the Melting. Benjamin had crusaded against the oil companies. Noa believes that nature will crush them all, as it should, and reward the next species: “Without words, he would never again be dominant. Nothing wasted, nothing lost” (190). He remembers meeting Amelia on a beach and believes that she is the only one he can turn to. She will always be there.
Marlo tells Letta that he dreamed of blood stretching across the forest floor, which reminds Letta of the ink. She thinks they can use it to track the cart that will transport Benjamin. They fill a large container with ink and discuss a plan. Marlo will lie in the road to stop the cart, and Finn will tell the gavvers his son is sick. Then Letta will go under the cart, attach the container with a string, and puncture it with a hammer and a spike.
The plan goes smoothly that night until Letta is under the cart at the South Gate. She hears Benjamin moan and instinctively jumps on the cart to touch him before it throws her off as it moves on. As Finn and Marlo scold her, she sees that one of the gavvers hit Finn. She admires him and Marlo.
Back at the shop the next day, she leaves a note saying she will be gone for two days. She packs and then finds Mrs. Truckle on her doorstep. She says Letta should take Werber on her wordfinding mission to the forest. Letta hears her out, and then goes to the bridge alone.
At the bridge, she passes the two gavvers without incident. She regroups with Marlo and Finn, and they find the track left by the ink in the forest. Letta realizes that, even if they find Benjamin, she can’t take him home. Near evening, they smell smoke. They see a small woman in black near a ring of fire, with a bundle of rags in its center. When they tell her they’re looking for Benjamin, she douses part of the ring and tells them to enter. Her name is Edgeware. The bundle of rags is Benjamin.
Edgeware lit the fire to keep animals away. Marlo recognizes her as “The Black Woman of the Woods” (210) and knows that she rescues people. As Letta looks at Benjamin’s emaciated body, she thinks:
She’d always thought of him as a stopgap, someone who would take care of her till the people she loved came back. Now she realized he was the person she loved, and he was the person who loved her, and she didn’t want to lose him (211).
They reach a small village, where she places Benjamin in a bed inside a small cabin. Edgeware washes the nailbeds where his fingernails had been, and then Letta takes over for her. Letta has never heard of the herbs Edgeware uses for the salve she makes. Benjamin finally opens his eyes and says her name.
The major thematic development of Chapters 15-20 is Letta’s changing perspective on the Desecrators. She evolves from seeing them as enemies, to sympathizing with them, to participating with them once she learns that Benjamin is alive. Letta fully embraces Marlo’s assessment of risk and belief that freedom is meaningless in a world that is built on lies. The revelation that Benjamin has been subjected to torture and sentenced to banishment—by Noa, no less—is all she needs to complete her radicalization into a rebel.
Once she understands that Noa is deceitful, cruel, and dangerous, she can now fully contemplate the novel’s theme of Censorship and Control. Against her will and without her knowledge, Noa made her complicit in the destruction of language. Letta has tirelessly applied herself to the destruction of the thing she loves.
Her love of language can be seen as she calms herself while hiding from Noa under his desk. As she experiences physical discomfort that could cause her to reveal her spying, she mentally recites the names of plants to help her stay hidden. Here, Letta practices The Power of Language in a way that shows physical effects in the world. The words literally keep her safe.
Noa’s description of hope gives a useful insight into his character and his worldview. He says:
Hope looks to the future, does it not? We hope for things we don’t have now but wish to someday. And that is what makes humans greedy, Letta. We are the only beings on this planet that refuse to live in the present. We were always looking for something else (180).
Noa can speak cavalierly about living in the present because he knows that he is working towards the destruction of the future. Further, he benefits from his power in the present. For others to “live in the present” requires that they be satisfied with their lot, regardless of whatever indignities they suffer.
Noa’s deception allows Letta to properly frame her attachment to Benjamin as a father figure, a role model, and a mentor. Now she sees how much he meant to her. Letta is now firmly in the rebel camp. Benjamin’s impending death will be the last step towards her newfound identity as part of the resistance.A