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42 pages 1 hour read

Guy Sajer

The Forgotten Soldier

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1967

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “‘The Gross Deutschland’: Spring, 1943-Summer, 1943”

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “Leave: Berlin, Paula”

Sajer and many of his companions, including Hals, volunteer for a combat battalion with the promise of two weeks’ leave beforehand. First Sajer is assigned to a squadron for burying German dead, where he also witnesses gruesome atrocities against Russian prisoners. Finally, a truck comes to collect them for the departure, and Sajer is luckily included among the first group to depart. They arrive at the rest camp for the Gross Deutschland Division, where they are promised leave effective five days from then. They undertake a long journey westward, disturbed to find evidence of partisan activity a long way from the front line. They are also hobbled by logistical delays and severe pain from extensive walking without socks or adequate footwear. They manage to get to Kiev, which is still a quiet sector, and from there take a train to Poland. Upon returning to Germany, they receive a warm welcome while noticing the extensive damage caused by Allied bombings. Sajer chats with an old lady about his experiences and background, and she directs him to the house where the parents of a deceased comrade live. Yet upon arriving, he turns around, unable to confront them, and instead boards a train for France. En route, the train is subject to an Allied bombardment, and Sajer flees the train and finds shelter under a park bench. To make matters even worse, he learns from military police that he cannot continue any further from his unit, and with crushing disappointment he returns to Berlin.

 Sajer regains the courage to meet the family of his fallen friend, and at their apartment complex, he meets a young girl named Paula with whom he talks extensively, and who agrees to show him around the city. As Sajer tours the city, he struggles “to adapt myself to this mood of tranquility, to avoid shocking anyone, to smile a correct smile, neither too wide nor too tense” (141). Leaving Paula, he finally meets his friend’s family, the Neubachs, and after spending the evening with them, he spends more time with Paula, who warns him that it is “idiotic to fall in love” in the midst of a war (143). Sajer then meets his father, a Frenchman who is ill at ease in Germany. Later, there is another air attack, and Sajer, relieved to find Paula again, takes her out into the countryside. He tells her that he loves her, and just then there is another aerial attack, and they watch helplessly as Allied bombers devastate the Tempelhof airfield. Overwhelmed with emotion, they kiss, stumble to an apartment complex, and fall asleep together. They spend the next week together, and she bids him a tearful farewell. He insists that he will see her soon, but he would never see her or the city of Berlin again, and would never learn of her fate. 

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “Training for an Elite Division”

Sajer reunites with his comrades, including Hals, and they begin the long journey back east. They finally arrive at the training camp for the Gross Deutschland Division, which promises to turn them “into the best fighting men in the world” (160). They go through grueling drills, simulating carrying a wounded man across treacherous terrain in hot weather, and crawling under live fire to practice staying as low as possible. Wracked with pain and exhaustion, some soldiers die in training. The survivors are admitted to the infantry, swearing loyalty to Germany and its Fuhrer (leader), Adolf Hitler.

Part 2, Chapter 6 Summary: “Belgorod”

Anticipating further Soviet offensives, the Germans make the city of Belgorod a major staging point for counteroffensives. After a period of monotonous chores, soldiers receive weapons and ammunition, meeting very young soldiers from the Hitler Youth. Sajer writes to his mother and Paula, and he learns that “we are going to be part of a full-scale attack” (174). They are ordered to make a silent nighttime attack to overwhelm the Soviet front line. They crawl over no-man’s-land (the space between the German and Soviet trenches), stumble into a small reconnaissance unit, and one of their number tosses a grenade amid the resulting exchange of fire. Before long, the Soviets line responds, and they lie still as grenades explode all around them. As quiet returns, they remain motionless, waiting for the German assault to relieve them. German artillery pounds the Russian position, followed by the onrush of tanks, and Sajer is overwhelmed with the sights, sounds, and smells of combat, the “tragic, unbelievable visions, which carry from one moment of nausea to another” (185). They have pushed the Russians back despite being massively outnumbered. Sajer witnesses the murder of several prisoners, and then himself tosses grenades at Russians waving a white flag, in the belief that “it was either them or us” (186).

Despite having won the battle, the group mainly mourns the loss of their fellows and struggles with traumatic memories of what they just endured. Hoping for relief, they instead endure a two-hour Soviet bombardment, followed by orders to push the Soviet position even further back. Passing several corpses of the Hitler Youth, they ride a tank to the front line, dig a trench, and endure a terrifying Soviet bombardment. A panicked soldier jumps into their trench, only to be destroyed by shrapnel, and over time the excessive bombing makes them feel like “madmen, gesturing and moving without thought or hope” (194). Exhaustion adds still more to their strain, and they watch with numbed indifference as others collect and identify the German dead. The Soviets seem ready for a counteroffensive, issuing terrifying war cries, and despite help from the Luftwaffe, Sajer and his fellows have no choice other than to die or retreat. Back at the main German line, they realize the need to stand and fight or else suffer a collapse of the front. The Russians soon resume their attacks, bringing their own tanks to the front, and panic sets in across the line. Hals is wounded, though not fatally, and they are finally able to escape to a quiet zone and rest, having lost all the ground they had gained in the latest offensives as well as nearly a third of their forces.

Part 2 Analysis

Part 2 continues to explore the theme of Coming of Age in Wartime as Sajer survives his first brush with real battle. While he is no longer under any illusions about the horrors of war, he still feels a certain degree of pride in risking his life for his country, in the company of people he loves and respects. In this sense, Sajer’s coming of age is closely related to another theme, Comradeship Among Soldiers. Sajer’s relationships with his fellow soldiers sustain him after his illusions are shattered. For example, he credits Hals, “the only real friend [he] had ever made” (118), as “[his] only incentive for life in the midst of despair” (118). Sajer likes to think of himself as bravely volunteering for combat, but it is only when Hals makes a dramatic gesture of putting himself forward for the Gross Deutschland Division that Sajer likewise volunteers, seemingly in search of companionship rather than valor. The more he learns of the realities of war, the harder it is for him to romanticize or rationalize what he is doing, but he will always value his experience of comradeship: “Looking back on everything that happened, I cannot regret having belonged to a combat unit. We discovered a sense of comradeship which I have never found again, inexplicable and steady, through thick and thin” (113). Shared privation and trauma bind the soldiers together in a powerful way.

Most of the comradeship that Sajer describes throughout the book is rooted in male bonding. Yet his relationship with Paula is just as significant as his friendships with other soldiers. His relationship with her is entirely bound up in the realities of war. He meets her on leave, while trying to express his condolences to the parents of a fallen comrade, a family with whom Paula is friendly. Early in their conversations, she asks, “Are you from the Eastern front? […] It must have been very hard. I can see it on your face” (137). They share meals while dealing with various rationing systems, and their most romantic moment, time alone in the countryside, is interrupted by a full-on air battle between the Luftwaffe and Allied bombers. The earnestness of his feelings for Paula, which persist more than 20 years after having last contacted her, emphasize that comradeship is not just rooted in shared hardship, but can also be rooted in a commitment to something beautiful and meaningful. To the extent that he can stay in touch with Paula, or at least remember her, he can hang on to a sliver of humanity.

Flushed with the company of friends and a lover, proud to have moved from supply to a well-decorated combat division, Sajer returns to the front and is plunged fully into the horrors of war, from which he will have little escape for the better part of two years to follow. The battles around Belgorod introduce a dynamic that will come to define Sajer’s experience on the Eastern Front: Tactical success and individual heroism fail to make more than a momentary impact on broad systemic forces that render those actions ultimately meaningless. Before long, comradeship is an end unto itself, because there is no point in fighting other than to try and find solace in one another.

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