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43 pages 1 hour read

Natalie Savage Carlson

The Family Under The Bridge

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1958

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

In Paris, an unhoused man named Armand pushes around an old baby buggy that contains all of his possessions. He is moving to the spot beneath a bridge where he spends his winters. As he walks, he collects a pile of broken branches from in front of a flower stall. As Armand nears Notre Dame, a grand and famous church in Paris, a Roma woman stops him and offers to tell his fortune. She tells Armand that he will have an adventure, which matches what Armand was expecting from the day. He knows the Roma woman and calls her Mireli. She says that her group is renting a courtyard for the winter and that the men have found work.

When she mentions children, Armand expresses that he doesn’t like kids, calling them “witless, twittering, little pests” (5). Mireli tells him that he only thinks he doesn’t like children. She says, “It is only that you are afraid of them. You’re afraid the sly little things will steal your heart if they find out you have one” (5). She invites Armand to live with her people for the winter if he gets tired of the bridge where he usually spends the season.

As Armand continues to walk, he comes across some young children playing. The children call Armand a “funny old tramp” and he scolds them for their rudeness (6). He claims that he is friends with Father Christmas and can stop them from getting gifts that year. One of the children offers Armand half of an apple. Armand moves on, thinking that children are a trap: “They meant homes and responsibility and regular work—all the things he had turned his back on so long ago” (7-8).

Armand stops for “lunch” by sitting on the curb across the street from a nice restaurant. He sits for the duration of a French lunch—two hours—and smells the food in lieu of eating. After this time, he declares that he is full but wishes he had accepted the apple for dessert. As Armand finally approaches the bridge, he is surprised and angry to find that his usual spot has been claimed. He rips down the canvas sheet to see who the intruders are. He finds three young children, all with red hair. The oldest girl jumps to her feet and insists that Armand “can’t take [them] away” (11).

Chapter 2 Summary

Armand glares at the children and their dog. The eldest girl tells the dog, Jojo, to stop barking at Armand because he’s not a threat and can’t kick them out. Armand is offended by her dismissiveness and says that he could be “a workingman right now” if he wanted to (13). The girl introduces the children to Armand—her name is Suzy, her younger brother is Paul, and her younger sister is Evelyne. She explains that their father died recently, and their mother had not been able to afford their rent alone. Their landlady evicted them. The children are hiding under the bridge so that the authorities don’t find them and take them away to a charity home.

Armand says that the children have taken away his home the same way their landlady took away theirs. Suzy draws a rectangle on the ground with charcoal and says it is now Armand’s room and that they can all live together. Suzy begs him to stay so they can pretend he is their grandfather. Armand says he doesn’t want to be a grandfather, but he still unpacks his belongings and starts a fire with the branches he’d gathered earlier. He begins cooking the scraps of food he’d gathered that day and explains to the children that in the “good old days” of Paris, the marketplaces would freely give the leftover, unsold food to unhoused people (15). He shares his meal with the children and the dog.

By the time the children’s mother returns, it is dark outside. The only light is the fire that Armand built. The mother, Madame Calcet, is angry and challenges Armand. Suzy tries to explain that Armand is a nice, friendly old man who is going to live with them. Armand says he’s not friendly: “I’m a mean, cranky old tramp, and I hate children and dogs and women” (18). Paul asks why Armand shared his food if he hated them. Armand says it’s because he’s “stupid” and “soft-hearted.” The mother, Madame Calcet, is angry that the children accepted food from Armand. She says that they are not beggars because she has a steady job at the laundry. She makes soup and bread and starts to create beds on the ground for the family. Armand tells her that she should let the children live in a charity home until they can find a place to live. He says the streets are no place for children. She argues that families should stay together.

When Armand wakes in the morning, Madame Calcet has already gone to work for the day. Armand asks if the children will be going to school, but they say they cannot go back to school until they have a new home because if anyone finds out they are currently unhoused, they will be taken away from their mother. Armand says he can’t babysit them because he has “places to go” (21). They beg to accompany him, and he eventually agrees. During the exchange, the children reveal that their last name is Calcet; they ask what Armand’s last name is, but he says he’s forgotten and that it was something like Pouly or Pougy. He offers to take them to meet his friend, Father Christmas. They tell him that their mother said there would be no Christmas that year because Father Christmas would not know where to find them.

Chapter 3 Summary

Armand and the children walk through Paris. He shows them the sights: Notre Dame, city hall, fancy hotels, and so on. They go to a busy shopping street and watch the shoppers. The children are frequently distracted by things they want, and Armand soothes them by making the things sound undesirable. He tells them a mechanical soldier is a “cheap toy,” tries to convince them that a beautiful Christmas cake tastes like medicine and is tough and bitter, and dismisses roasted chestnuts as “wormy” (29).

They make it to the department store at the Louvre, where Armand takes them upstairs to meet the store’s Father Christmas. At first, the children are frightened by Father Christmas, who is scolding some boys who were mishandling the electric trains. When the children feel more comfortable, they tell him that what they want for Christmas is a home. Father Christmas says that he can’t give them a home because it wouldn’t fit on the back of his donkey. The children are disappointed. As they leave the department store, a floor manager chases them out, implying that they, as people who appear unhoused, do not belong in a nice store.

Chapter 4 Summary

Outside the store, Armand encourages the children to sing along to the song playing in a store window display. The children sing sweetly, which charms the crowds. Armand passes a hat around and collects money. He waits until that crowd moves on and then has the children repeat the performance. They collect a significant amount of money in Armand’s hat. Eventually, the floor manager of the department store comes out and tells them they’re not allowed to beg in front of the Louvre.

On the walk home, Armand uses the money to buy the children “pancakes” (crêpes) as a treat. When they reach a crowded corner, Armand suggests the children sing for money again. They do, but they are interrupted by a man with a monkey who says they’re “cutting into [his] territory” and “stealing his show” (42). Armand calls the man Titi and argues that they are not appealing to the same audience. The monkey tips his hat at the children, who are charmed and insist that Armand give the monkey a coin.

At the roasted chestnut stand, Armand again treats the children. He tells them he will take them out every day if they do not tell their mother about the day’s events, but when Madame Calcet returns, the children rush to share the pancakes and roasted chestnuts they saved for her. Suspiciously, the mother asks where they got the food; the children confess that they sang for coins. Madame Calcet is angry and says Armand has turned her children into “beggars.” She announces that they are going to leave the bridge and commands the children not to have contact with Armand again. Armand bristles and “proudly” says that he will leave (47). Distraught, the children claim him as their grandfather and beg their mother to change her mind. Armand leaves.

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

These chapters establish the setting of the novel, which is Paris at Christmas. The weather is very cold, and the unhoused people are in danger of freezing to death without fires and warm clothing. The Christmas season also helps to develop contrast between the “haves” and the “have nots”—while Armand and the Calcets don’t have enough money to pay for lodging, the other people of Paris are “buying frantically and noisily, as if they might never again find anything for sale on the Rue de Rivoli” (27). In contrast to this, Armand and the children aren’t able to afford even the inexpensive street foods on offer, at least not until after they’ve made a profit from performing for money.

Although their singing earns them enough for some treats, Madame Calcet is furious that Armand pulled the children into that aspect of his lifestyle. Madame Calcet’s attitude is an example of the Social Stigma and Discrimination associated with being unemployed and unhoused. From the outset, Madame Calcet is shown to be ashamed of her current circumstances, refusing to view herself as similar to Armand and insisting that she has a respectable job. The theme of discrimination also develops through these chapters in the way that Armand is received by people on the streets of Paris. Though Armand enjoys his day, the text makes it clear that many of the people he meets are dismissive or derisive of him. When Armand picks up the bundle of wood for his fire, he tips his hat and says, “By your leave and in gratitude for your generosity, madame,” but the woman “only [frowns]” at him in return (3). This treatment is repeated by the first set of children Armand passes on his walk, by Madame Calcet, and by the floor man in the department store at the Louvre. Armand and the children are asked to leave the Louvre store and the area in front of it, not because they are being disruptive or breaking laws, but because they have visible markers of their unhoused status and the floor man doesn’t want their stigma attached to the store.

The theme of Found Families develops through the narrative’s central storyline: Armand finding three children and their mother under the bridge where he usually spends his winters. Though Armand is vocal about his aversion to both children and responsibilities, the children quickly work their way into his heart, and he begins to spend time with them. He not only provides supervision and food but also works to manage their feelings by reframing things they can’t afford as undesirable so that they won’t feel sad about missing out. The children quickly become attached to him and claim him as “grandpa,” setting up the development of their familial bonds for later chapters.

Armand’s behavior toward the children also introduces the theme Change as a Catalyst for Growth. It is immediately obvious that Armand’s words are not an accurate representation of his feelings because he contradicts himself through his actions. Despite his insistence that he has no care for bonds and responsibilities, he immediately steps in to look after the children and care for them throughout the day. Madame Calcet, who has not had the opportunity for development, lashes out at him because she is still caught up in her discriminatory view of an unhoused lifestyle. At the end of Chapter 4, Armand backtracks, cutting himself off from the Calcets as he leaves the bridge. This sets up the opportunity for Armand and Madame Calcet to reunite in later chapters and grow to better understand and accept each other.

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