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60 pages 2 hours read

Christina Baker Kline

The Exiles

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2020

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Chapters 17-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary: “Government House, Hobart Town, 1840”

Mathinna is surprised to find that Eleanor Franklin “seemed utterly nonchalant about her presence” (175), unlike the rest of the people at the house who view her as either a circus animal or a heavy burden. Miss Williamson, the governess, huffs about Lady Jane’s expectation that she must “attempt to educate another savage” (175). Therefore, Eleanor offers to take the job. Three days a week, Eleanor teaches Mathinna French, mathematics, and architecture. When they get to a lesson on calendars, Mathinna finds it irrelevant because the Palawa believe that “time doesn’t move in a line from past to present but [instead] is continuous” (176). The only subject that Mathinna truly adores is French—she finds the language beautiful and melodious.

In taking care of Waluka, who finds his new life to be scary, Mathinna senses the comfort of home. Meanwhile, she listens to the housemaids—all convicts who have been chosen to work for the Franklins—complain about the foolishness of their employers. Sir John is a fool, and most of their success is attributed to Lady Jane’s brains and ambition. She does not adore Eleanor, a product of Sir John’s first marriage, and therefore treats her with disdain much of the time—to Eleanor’s amusement.

Despite wanting to adopt Mathinna, Lady Jane does not pay her much attention unless her friends show up for tea. In those moments, she parades Mathinna out as amusement to show off her manners and abilities in French. The women treat Mathinna like she is a savage straight out of the woods and ask her demeaning questions about her culture. Mathinna does not understand why the ladies merely sit around and complain about their lives. Every Monday, John Montagu, the Colonial Secretary, arrives with his dog, Jip, to engage in intimidation tactics with Sir John. Mathinna is unfamiliar with their type of bantering relationship.

One evening, Lady Jane invites Mathinna to a luncheon for a visiting English bishop and his family. The bishop asks Mathinna about her native culture, and Mathinna shocks the crowd with her honest response. She quickly reads the crowd’s distaste and exclaims “I made it up” (184) to placate Lady Jane. She decides that she “[will] stay quiet about her past” (185) from here on out.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Government House, Hobart Town, 1840-1841”

The Franklins throw an elaborate party for Eleanor’s 18th birthday, and they also celebrate, with great fanfare, the birthdays of Sir John and Lady Jane. Because they do not know Mathinna’s actual birthday, they choose a random date on the calendar. When Eleanor suggests throwing Mathinna a party, Lady Jane laughs, saying “it would be like commemorating the birth date of the family pet” (186). Mathinna feels slighted by this decision to ignore her importance.

However, Sir John makes up for it by being the only one who “seem[s] to genuinely enjoy [her] company” (187). He teaches her how to play cribbage and often invites her on his walks around the garden to teach her the names of the flowers and plants. One day, he gifts her a cockatoo that Montagu gave him, believing that Mathinna, due to her connection to nature, is the only one who can communicate with the bird and take care of it.

One day, when Mathinna is studying with Eleanor, Lady Jane requests her presence in the curio room. She introduces Mathinna to Mr. Bock, a famous artist who is there to paint her portrait. For the next week, Mathinna sits quietly for him but does not look at the painting in progress, thinking that he will not be able to capture her appearance. Only when he completes the painting and Mathinna looks at it does she realize he has captured something she doesn't even notice about herself—her entire life has become an impersonation: “Her past [is] slipping away” (191), and with it, any sense of her previous self. She can barely remember the language of her people because she has not spoken it in the year she has been gone. Mathinna realizes just “how far she [is] from the place she once called home” (192).

Chapter 19 Summary: “Government House, Hobart Town, 1841”

While Mrs. Wilson, the cook, grumbles over the day’s menu, Mathinna sits in the kitchen working on her needlepoint with Waluka draped around her neck. Without Mrs. Wilson’s knowledge, a few drops of lard fall onto the hot coals, and a fire breaks out. Mathinna and Mrs. Wilson work diligently for quite a few minutes until the fire is finally out. As Mathinna helps her clean up the mess left behind, Mrs. Wilson asks where Waluka has gone. Only then does Mathinna notice he is no longer around her shoulders.

Convinced he hasn’t gone too far—because he never does—Mathinna looks in every corner of the kitchen, but cannot find him. Suddenly, she notices the door to the outside patio is open from the smoke. She sees a small white lump laying on the cobblestones. It is covered in wet spit and a trickle of blood. She falls to her knees at Waluka’s body as Montagu’s dog approaches her with a loud growl. She cradles Waluka in her arms and stands as the dog comes closer. When he lunges at her, Mathinna responds with her own snarl, “a guttural howl travel[ing] up through her body until she vibrate[s] with it” (195). The sound makes Mrs. Crain and Mrs. Wilson come out of the house to comfort her, but Lady Jane only stares at her through the window, wondering what the fuss is all about.

For the next few months, Mathinna mourns her beloved pet who had been “her only remaining link to Flinders” (196). The losses in her life have piled up to the point where she can no longer remember who she had been in earlier times. Eventually, she decides to view Waluka’s death as for the best, for now she no longer has to live between worlds.

Chapters 17-19 Analysis

Unlike Evangeline in the previous chapters, Mathinna regresses in captivity instead of taking control of her own identity. Though both women face degradation and dehumanization, Mathinna’s masters take it a step further—she is equated to animals. Lady Jane parades her around like a pet, taking credit for her “civilization” as she masters French and manners. The skulls of Mathinna’s people take their places in the curio cabinet next to stuffed animals and artifacts, physically placing them on the level of a lower species. Even the women at tea share Lady Jane’s ignorance, for they refuse to learn anything about Mathinna’s culture—they merely assume she is ignorant and beyond reproach.

In earlier chapters, Mathinna’s vision is clouded by the wooden slats over her windows so she cannot look out toward Flinders. In these chapters, her voice is silenced as well—she must stay quiet about her past for fear of judgment and condemnation. In this way, Mathinna’s identity as a person is slowly slipping away from her—first her sight, and now her voice. As time passes, she continues to lose her memories of home. Because she can no longer practice the language, she cannot add to her native vocabulary. The time comes when she no longer remembers her mother’s face. When taken separately, all of these instances might easily be overcome—when taken together, the defeat is insurmountable.

Her final transformation comes with the loss of Waluka, her only remaining connection to Flinders and her people. Similarly to when Lady Jane claims ownership over Mathinna’s mother’s shell necklaces and Mathinna feels an initial disconnect from her tribe, the death of her beloved creature takes a part of her that she can never get back. When Montagu’s “civilized” dog kills Waluka, it effectively kills what remains of Mathinna’s spirit. After that, she doesn't care to hold onto any memory of her previous self—she gives herself up to what Lady Jane desires of her, fulfilling Lady Jane’s plan to “civilize a savage.” However, as Sir John has prophesied in Chapter 18, wild animals who are caged in captivity find it difficult to survive.

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