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Jess WalterA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Rye considers where the recent events of his life fit into history while reading War and Peace in his spare time. Rye comes to appreciate the novel and finds himself motivated to continue searching for Gig rather than wait for his return.
One day, Dom’s wife, Gemma, comes to the machine shop and recognizes Rye as Jules’s friend. While talking about Gig over dinner, Rye realizes that Ursula may have leads on his brother, so he goes to find her at her hotel residence. Ursula tells him that after he recovered at her hotel, Gig left without saying where he would go. Ursula reassures Rye that though Gig deals with a great level of responsibility caring for Rye, he still wants the best for him. This makes Rye furious.
Gurley’s article drives widespread public support in the lead-up to her trial. She finally announces the second protest, regardless of whether she is imprisoned or not. The trial begins and she gives strong answers during her testimony. The city prosecutor, Pugh, tries to balance the trial by asking her co-defendant, Charlie Filigno, deliberately confusing questions.
Rye asks to take a day off from work to attend Gurley’s verdict reading. While trying to buy new clothes with his salary, he finds himself back in the shop where he had bought the gloves. The salesperson, Chester, gives him a full gentleman’s outfit at a generous discount. Rye feels like he is not the gentleman he sees in the shop mirror.
Rye returns from the clothing shop to find Early at Mrs. Ricci’s house. Rye tells him about Lem’s message, but Early is unmoved by Lem’s attempts to maintain their business.
Rye asks Early which side he is on, and Early answers that he has always looked out for himself. Early challenges him with the same question, which leads Rye to point to a passage from War and Peace about being temporary but knowing that others leave life without hair or teeth in their possession.
Early asks Rye to conduct an exchange with Lem, modifying the terms of their agreement so that Early can walk away with $5,000. He instructs Rye to retrieve the money from Lem before the trial is concluded. In return, Early will give Rye the evidence that implicates Lem.
Gig travels to Lind to search for Early, working briefly at a scrap mill. Early asks Gig to drive them back to Spokane, and they discuss their cynicism over unions. Gig notes that he came looking for Early because he wants to “[feel] anything like a man” again (284). Early shares his plan to kill Clegg and Lem with bombs. He introduces Gig to Everett and Miller, who are working the job with them. Gig, he says, will be their driver. Early tasks Gig with acquiring metal shavings from Rye to augment their bombs. Instead, Gig pulls the metal from a tin shop warehouse.
Everett is assigned to deliver satchel bombs to each of their targets. Early comes back from meeting with Rye in Chapter 33 and redistributes the money he received to help the crew with their getaway after the job is done. The crew carries out their plan on the day of Gurley and Charlie’s verdict and Early and Rye go to the courthouse to meet with Everett and give him the bomb meant for Lem. When Gig and Early spot Rye at the courthouse, Early tells Gig that the plan has changed and that Rye has volunteered to bring the bomb to Lem. He then reveals that Rye had been working for Lem, which makes Rye the perfect person to deliver the bomb.
Rye meets with Willard the day before the verdict to communicate Early’s terms. Willard relays Lem’s agreement to the deal, indicating that it is compensation for the trouble with Del. If Early discloses any information about their deal, Lem will order the deaths of Early and his associates, beginning with Rye.
Mrs. Ricci takes in a new boarder who compliments Rye’s line of work and speculates that automation is the future. The next morning, Rye puts on his suit, leaves early, and catches a ride with Willard, who teaches him how to tie his necktie. Willard announces that unbeknownst to Lem and against the terms of the deal, he will be watching over Rye at the courthouse.
Rye reaches the courthouse, which is too packed for him to watch the trial. The spectators suggest that Gurley’s odds of conviction are high. Suddenly, word of the verdict rushes through the hallway: Charlie is convicted while Gurley is acquitted. Gurley is furious about the outcome and promises to appeal Charlie’s conviction. Rye considers going up to her but feels too defeated by the thought of what could happen to push through with it. He learns, however, that Jack is still absent, which infuriates him.
Rye finds Early’s car and sees Gig in the driver’s seat. The car speeds away, Early and Gig quarreling. He watches the car speed toward the river gorge.
Gig refuses to let Early carry out his plan with Rye’s involvement. He throws the car into drive and speeds away from the courthouse. Early stabs Gig, but Gig still prevents him from exiting the car. He struggles to choke Early, losing control of the car as it tumbles down a canyon.
Rye runs to the river gorge but is too slow to catch it when the satchel blows up the car. He climbs down to the wreckage, but can’t find his brother’s corpse. Willard pulls Rye back up out of the gorge.
With Gurley’s acquittal, Sullivan is ordered to investigate the accusations made about the city’s treatment of female prisoners. He soon learns about the explosion of Early’s car, and then finds the other satchel outside the police station, which they can open safely and defuse. Weeks later, an anonymous note implicates one of Spokane’s mining magnates with the bombing plot and Waterbury’s murder.
The IWW prisoners are released and allowed to operate while several employment agencies are shut down. Believing it will restore his reputation, Sullivan orders the widespread arrest of sex workers and unhoused people. He fires Clegg when Clegg gets involved in a statutory rape case. When he insults the press over Clegg’s firing, Sullivan is hit with misconduct charges. Frustrated, he goes to the Spokane Club and assaults Lem Brand. The next day, he resigns as acting police chief.
Sullivan’s story ends when he is shot at his home in the poverty flats by a sniper, dying soon after at the hospital.
Rye, who is 71 years old in 1964, gives a brief overview of his life. After marrying one of Gemma’s daughters, he goes on to have four children and eight grandchildren. One of his sons dies in the Second World War. His only daughter becomes a high school English teacher. Gemma tells her family about her real relationship with Jules. Rye continues his career as a machinist for 50 years, offering regular support to his industry’s local union until he retires.
Rye is compelled to recall his past when he learns that Gurley, by that point the American Communist Party chairperson, has died during a visit to the Soviet Union. The last time Rye had seen her was after her acquittal, right before Gig died. He notes that though Gig and Early’s bodies were never found, Del’s body was recovered from the river.
In late 1910, a wildfire destroys Taft. The following year, Rye worries that Early might have survived the explosion, especially after Sullivan’s assassination. Sullivan’s murder is later solved, but Rye is unsure whether the murderer, Victor Claude Miller, looks like Early or not. Rye reunites with Willard, who shares that Lem’s paranoia over Early led to his admission to a psychiatric hospital. Willard, meanwhile, decides to move to Canada. Since Rye still has the money he was supposed to give to Early, he offers some of it to Willard.
Rye buys Mrs. Ricci’s orchard with some more of Lem’s money. He goes to Moore to help with the sale and learns that Gurley has divorced her husband. Her son, whom she names Fred, dies in 1940. Moore gives Rye Gurley’s mailing address, but he never finishes a letter to send to her.
Rye checks in on Ursula, who begins performing as a touring stage actor under her real name. Rye offers her some more of Lem’s money, but she does not take it. She reveals that she was the one who had sent the police the note implicating Lem in Waterbury’s murder.
The IWW is devastated when vigilantes and police massacre a union steamer traveling to a protest in Everett. Union leader Frank Little is murdered to warn others from conducting further action. The union is finally removed from Spokane by the start of the First World War. One of Rye’s sons becomes a conservative, which tempts Rye to scandalize him with stories of his life. Thinking about the IWW’s defeat in Spokane, Rye remembers Gurley’s advice to savor victories now and then. The novel ends with Rye using Lem’s money to buy a gravestone for Gig before giving the rest to the Salvation Army.
After helping Gurley to publish her story, Rye spends the last part of the novel contemplating the dilemma she raises in their last conversation. He had given her a cynical piece of advice to stop fighting against the forces that oppress them, though this statement had come from a place of defeat and self-resentment. In Part 4 of the novel, Rye reexamines his experiences with the benefit of hindsight. The further he gets from the time he spent trying to free Gig from prison, the more he can see how it fits in the grand scale of history. Rye’s experiences and reflections reveal that another of The Challenges to Unionism is the fact that the fight seems, and may be, unwinnable. Nevertheless, after processing his disappointment and cynicism with the help of literature, Rye embraces The Transformative Power of Solidarity in his relationships and sphere of influence, using his position as a leader in his union to protect others.
For Rye, the contrast between his personal devastation and the relative smallness of the events he has experienced is deeply distressing. If he feels defeated toward the end of the novel, it is because he sees how little has changed for the better as a result of his efforts. Gig is worse off, having been traumatized by his experience in the prison. When Rye learns from Ursula how burdened Gig feels around him, he becomes furious because of how little Gig appreciates their new status quo. Rye has a steady job that pays well, but Gig seems to have been ashamed of it.
Reading the novel War and Peace by Russian author Leo Tolstoy reframes Rye’s experiences in a way that helps him reconcile the personal and historical scales. Rye’s engagement with literature is a marked turn away from his state at the beginning of The Cold Millions. He had resented his lack of education and felt excluded by Gig’s love for reading. He found it difficult to appreciate for its apparent lack of urgency. Rye’s concerns in the first part of the novel revolve around surviving day-to-day. Now that he has access to regular employment, he no longer feels that urgency. When he picks up War and Peace, his brother’s favorite novel, he expects it to feel completely outside of his experience. What he finds instead is the opposite: Tolstoy’s prose resonates with his thoughts and feelings, urging him to point to the page when Early asks him what he is made of.
In the cast of ordinary people going about their lives during the Napoleonic Wars in Russia, Rye recognizes himself. More importantly, he realizes that the sense of smallness he feels is normal. The free speech riots, in which he felt he played an important role, came and went. It is a small part of history in a small part of the world, yet none of that erases the change that they effected in him. The epilogue points to this by discussing the ways Rye continues to live out his belief in The Transformative Power of Solidarity despite the cynicism that briefly took hold of him. Though he is never again swept up in an event quite as dramatic as the free speech riots, he demonstrates solidarity however he can, taking up a leadership position in his local union and donating Lem’s money to the Salvation Army. The Spokane riots may not have changed the world in the way the organizers had hoped, but they did change Rye, in small but meaningful and lasting ways.
The way Rye embraces small wins and incremental change reflects a piece of advice that Gurley had given him on their trip back to Spokane from Missoula, which he recalls in the epilogue. She states that the war is unwinnable—something that Lem had also said about her fight. While Lem had suggested that the unions would always shift their goals to perpetuate the war, however, Gurley notes that the war seems to go on by its very nature. No one can totally overcome the struggle against oppression, she says, since death is inevitable. But the point of life, she says, comes in savoring the small moments. A small victory is still a victory, even if it is swept away in the grand scale of history, and that is enough reason to fight for more. Rye’s life embodies that truth.
By Jess Walter
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