63 pages • 2 hours read
Haruki MurakamiA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The protagonist is back in the real world, confused as to how he returned. His shadow no longer speaks to him, though they are finally reunited. The man is unhappy, feeling as though life has no meaning and the world around him is bland. He misses having a purpose as the Dream Reader in the walled-in town, and he finds his work pointless. He wonders if there is another version of himself still in the town, continuing with his life, unaware of him. Feeling the need to start on a new path, the protagonist quits his job, though he does not know what to do next.
One night, the protagonist dreams that he works in a library. It is a normal library, and he enjoys the work, feeling that he is moving in the right direction. In the dream, on a table, is a blue beret. Before he can put it on, the protagonist wakes from the dream and realizes his next step is to work in a library.
The protagonist remembers details from the dream and begins searching for a small, likely rural library in a mountainous region. Having worked for a book distribution company, the protagonist calls a former coworker, Oki, with library connections. Oki agrees to try to find a library that will hire him. Days later, the protagonist and Oki meet. Oki finds four libraries matching the protagonist’s description. A privately owned library near Fukushima, in a mountainous town called Z**, seems perfect. Oki sets up an interview.
After five hours on a train, the protagonist arrives in Z**. Before the interview, the protagonist goes to a park, where he remembers his girlfriend. He reflects on how his life froze after she disappeared when he was 17, everything after just filler until their hopeful reunion. At the library, the protagonist meets Mr. Koyasu, the recently retired director. Though the protagonist cannot place it, he recognizes Mr. Koyasu’s voice. During the interview, the protagonist notices the blue beret from his dream on Mr. Koyasu’s desk. Mr. Koyasu offers the protagonist the job as director, saying he will help guide him as he learns the job. As they leave, the protagonist compliments Mr. Koyasu’s beret and notices that he wears a skirt.
The protagonist sells or donates most of his belongings, wanting a fresh start in Z**. He moves there in August, into a small house with a garden. It is a 15-minute walk to work, partly along the river, and he enjoys the freedom this new life and job bring. It reminds him of the freedom he felt when he first walked into the walled-in city, with no belongings or shadows. He quickly learns the responsibilities of the job from Mr. Koyasu, and Mrs. Soeda, another librarian who essentially runs the library on her own.
Mr. Koyasu visits the protagonist in his office frequently. This is the only place, the protagonist realizes, that he sees Mr. Koyasu. Mr. Koyasu wears a skirt every day, explaining that, “One reason is that when I wear a skirt, I, ah, feel like I’ve become a few lines from a beautiful poem” (161). Every time he visits, they drink Mr. Koyasu’s special tea.
Every morning and evening, the protagonist walks the path along the river. As he does, he feels overwhelmed by the sadness deep inside him, and time seems to stand still. The sadness won’t dissipate, and though he tries to release it with tears, none come.
The protagonist realizes he knows nothing about Mr. Koyasu, and though he tries to learn information from Mrs. Soeda, she tells him little. During their chats, she asks the protagonist why he is unmarried in his forties. He tells her his heart already belongs to someone.
As the protagonist settles into his role, Mr. Koyasu proves helpful and assures the protagonist that he can ask any questions whenever Mr. Koyasu stops by the office. The protagonist begins going through the library’s records to see what books are checked out. The library does not use an electronic system, slowing the process, and everyone is against the protagonist implementing one. Mrs. Soeda gives the protagonist a tour of the building, which used to be a sake brewery. Some parts of the building are not used by the library, and she explains that Mr. Koyasu owned the land and building before, donating them to start the library. Soon, summer ends, and after a short fall, winter arrives.
The cold of winter brings memories from the walled-in town back to the protagonist. He finds that his memories of the place are very inconsistent. At the library, Mr. Koyasu comes to visit and complains that the office is cold. He tells the protagonist that he used a different office in the winter. He brings the protagonist to a room partly underground. The protagonist is shocked to see the same woodstove from the library in the walled-in town there. He decides not to use the room until it is colder, and for the rest of the day, the protagonist can think only about the stove.
The weather grows colder, and the protagonist decides to move to the subterranean office. When he is in this office with the woodstove burning, the protagonist is completely isolated from the outside and cannot help but be brought back to the walled-in town. The kettle on the stove and the smell of burning applewood evoke strong memories of the place. Mr. Koyasu comes to visit after a few days, and as they speak, the protagonist notices that Mr. Koyasu is wearing tennis shoes, inappropriate for the weather. He also realizes that Mr. Koyasu’s watch has no hands, just like the clock in the walled-in town. Later, after Mr. Koyasu leaves the office, the protagonist asks Mrs. Soeda if she saw Mr. Koyasu leave the library. She says she did not see him at all. The protagonist finds this strange, as she sees everyone come in and out from her desk.
One night, Mr. Koyasu calls the protagonist after 10:00 pm and asks to meet at the library. Despite the time, the protagonist finds his way in the dark to the library and his cozy basement office. There, Mr. Koyasu makes him tea and thanks him for coming, saying he needs to explain something. Mr. Koyasu reveals that he does not have a shadow. The protagonist notices this and asks when he was separated from his shadow. Mr. Koyasu responds that it was a year ago, and that it happened when he died.
Mr. Koyasu explains to the protagonist that while he is dead, and his body gone, his consciousness lives on. He died a year before the protagonist arrived at the library, from a heart attack on a hike. As he died, his life did not flash before him, but instead he saw himself in a quickly flooding boat, with only a small bucket to bail water. A month after his death, he regained consciousness, though without a body. He can appear in a physical form for limited times, and only the protagonist and Mrs. Soeda can see him. For a year, Mrs. Soeda ran the library with his help. When the protagonist interviewed, however, Mr. Koyasu saw that he is a man who can understand a person with a consciousness and no body.
Mr. Koyasu tells the protagonist that he knows the protagonist once lost his shadow. He explains that, as a ghost, he can see and understand things the living cannot. The protagonist mentions briefly that it happened in the walled-in town. Mr. Koyasu declares that his time is nearly up and that he will have to disappear, though they should meet again soon. Before he goes, Mr. Koyasu asks if the protagonist reads the Bible. Though not religious, Mr. Koyasu reads it, and has a favorite quote: “People are like a breath; their days are like fleeting shadow” (208). He explains that he did not understand this until he died.
In The City and Its Uncertain Walls, moments from the past can be remembered with such vividness and emotional power that they transcend time and feel even more real than the present. When the protagonist stands at the river, he feels a familiar sadness surge within him, and he reflects on how that remembered sadness has shaped him, evidence of Heartbreak as a Source of Lasting Transformation: “Standing there alone, I always felt sad, a deep sadness I’d felt before, long, long ago. I remembered that sadness very well. A sadness that can’t be explained, that doesn’t melt away over time, that quietly leaves invisible wounds, in a place you cannot see” (163). The protagonist carries this sadness within him throughout his life, and when he feels it, it leaves invisible scars, shaping him as a person. As time passes, the sadness does not dull. The protagonist changes, but his heartbreak remains the same. He cannot escape his own emotions, because time alone will not fix emotional wounds. Over time, the accumulated sadness shapes him and leaves him more vulnerable to these moments.
When the protagonist settles into the mountain town, he joins a new community with people who do not know him. The women in the library question why he is single at his age. The protagonist is used to these questions and responds with a simplified answer that allows him to escape explaining his girlfriend’s disappearance: “‘I didn’t get married because there’s already someone in my heart,’ I would explain simply. My standard response to that question” (166). Importantly, the person in his heart is not a living person who ages and changes as he does; instead, she is a memory who remains forever exactly as she was when she disappeared, thus keeping the protagonist trapped in a moment that recedes further and further into the past. This way in which he presents himself to others illustrates The Interdependence of Time, Memory, and Identity. The protagonist thinks of himself as a lonely person still devoted to his former love and outwardly projects this image of himself. The fact that this response is standard means that he is familiar with this reasoning and uses it frequently. The answer is also simple enough to not require an explanation of why his heart is reserved. This saves him from needing to explain his heartbreak and protects him from trying to explain an experience so personal and intense that words cannot convey it without falsifying it. Through this strategy, he conveys what he thinks of as his essential situation without exposing his core experience to the risk of being misunderstood.
Even though the protagonist returns from the walled-in town to the real world, the legacy of the town remains with him. His experiences there were real, even if the town possibly existed only in his consciousness. His attachment to this place makes it very easy for him to imagine being back, and any sensory experiences in the real world erode the wall between the two worlds. When he begins using the subterranean office at the back of the library, the atmosphere of the room draws him away from reality: “the silently burning stove, the darkish, twilight-like room, and the occasional rattling of the old kettle brought that town closer to me than ever before. Eyes still shut, I immersed myself in the illusion of that lost town” (185). The protagonist’s experiences in both the real world and the walled-in town make it easy for him to imagine drifting from one to the other. His time in both places is real for him, even if he can only be present in one reality at a time. For the protagonist, shared experiences and sensations related to both places create an environment in which The Intersection of Reality and Imagination thrives. He transports himself back to the walled-in town, reliving real experiences, therefore casting doubt in his mind about which reality is more real, and which he should belong to.
By Haruki Murakami