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Franz KafkaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The book The Castle has been identified by some as an allegory of man’s struggle against isolation and meaninglessness, among other interpretations. The Castle in the book can clearly be read as a symbol of unreachable, imposing, and ominous power. K. looks up at its obscure form in the dark as soon as he arrives in the village, and his attempts to reach it physically are thwarted early on: “The Castel up there, oddly dark already, which K. had been hoping to reach today, receded again” (14). The Castle bell rings “with the fulfillment of its uncertain longings” (14). Its unclear image is repeatedly described through the story, as K.’s efforts to reach it or its officials continually fail: “The Castle, whose contours were already beginning to dissolve, lay still as ever, K. had never seen the slightest sign of life up there, perhaps it wasn’t possible to distinguish anything from this distance” (98). Here the distance between the villagers and the faceless officials in the Castle who direct their lives is emphasized. The villagers have theories about the Castle and what goes on there, but they can never be certain of them, as Olga explains: “are the offices actually the Castle? And even if the Castle does have offices, are they the offices Barnabas is permitted to enter?” (174). She goes on: “I become melancholy when Barnabas says in the morning that he will go to the Castle. That probably entirely useless path, that probably lost day, that probably futile hope” (178). The path she mentions echoes the maze of winding streets in the village that K. found impossible to navigate to find a way to the Castle. Every physical aspect of the Castle reflects its unreachable nature.
The Castle and its authorities are indivisible; they are referred to throughout as the same thing. For example, Olga claims: “It was all due to the influence of the Castle” (205), meaning the powers that lie within. The Castle is the central symbol of the all-pervasive power and impenetrability that finally defeats K.
These two means of communication are the physical representations of the disconnect between the Castle and the villagers. Instead of simple, clear, and punctual messages, all discourse by phone and letter is obstructive and ambiguous. Neither of these seemingly simple modes of correspondence works efficiently, leading to frustration and hopelessness in K. From his first night in the Bridge Inn, the maddening telephone conversations between the officials Schwarzer and Fritz set the tone for the rest of the story. First a call is made describing K.’s arrival, then in a second call K. is rejected, only to be accepted in a third. The language Schwarzer uses on the call is unnecessarily wordy and officious, and K. senses “a mixture of malice and caution” (4) in the call; he sees it as a sign of the “quasi-diplomatic training that even lowly people at the Castle like Schwarzer could draw on so freely” (4). In Chapter 2, K. tries to call the Castle himself, but on picking up the mouthpiece, he hears humming, like “singing, the singing of the most distant, of the most utterly distant voices” (20). Despite the call being answered, K. feels “against the telephone he was defenceless” (20). The chairman sheds light on how the telephone system functions in Chapter 5: “Well, this murmuring and singing is the only true and reliable thing that the local telephones convey to us, everything else is deceptive” (72). He goes on to say that the telephones are answered by “overtired officials” whose answers are nothing more than a joke. In typical fashion, though, he contradicts himself by saying that these telephone answers are of “real significance” (72). K. is left none the wiser, but his experience shows that the telephone will bring him no closer to the Castle. It is yet another manifestation of the distance between them and of one man’s powerlessness against the Castle’s considerable authority.
Likewise, K. suffers from the pointlessness of the letters and files and the messenger system that supposedly picks up and delivers them. K.’s only communication with Klamm is through letters, but their contents show that Klamm or whoever is writing the letters does not know what is happening in reality. Klamm’s second letter says, “The surveying work you have done so far meets with my approval” (118), when K. has not been able to take up his surveying post. K. tries to send a message back to the director but chooses to do so orally via Barnabas, saying, “I don’t want to write a letter, for it would once again travel along the endless path of the files” (122). He dictates a message to Barnabas using the same complicated, formal, impenetrable bureaucratic language that the Castle deals in: “He is obliged to make this request because all previous intermediaries have utterly failed, as proof of which he adduces to the fact that he has done no surveying so far” (121). K. goes on to state that he will use no more than 10 words in the interview he is requesting, which is an absurd idea. Barnabas fails to deliver any message, and Olga later reveals depth how challenging Barnabas’s post as a messenger is. Her description of the process of waiting for messages at the Castle, plus the scene that K. witnesses in the corridor where the files are distributed in Chapter 24, give K. a behind-the-scenes look at the utter chaos that prevails regarding written communication among the Castle officials. It is with resignation and despair that K. thinks, “That may well be my file” (279).
The Castle begins and ends in the dark. K. arrives at the village in late evening, with the Castle shrouded in fog and darkness. The book ends in Gerstäcker’s cottage, where the room “was only dimly illuminated by the fire in the hearth and by a candle stump” (316). Throughout The Castle, most of the action occurs at dusk or nighttime, and many scenes occur in dim, cramped settings, emphasizing how obscure and incomprehensible everything is in the Castle’s realm. The words “dark” and “dim” occur very frequently in the prose, and the village is often described as cold, wintry, and dark, and altogether unwelcoming. K.’s sense of isolation and rejection is heightened by the fact that he is constantly looking for a place to sleep and spends his nights in many different places. By Chapter 23, he is exhausted and looking for the chance to “lie down and sleep endlessly” (259). He finds respite in Bürgel’s room, but his deep sleep means he misses his only opportunity for a serious audience with an official. Bürgel’s seemingly interminable monologue is centered on the topic of nighttime interrogations. He explains:
The sole purpose of the nighttime interrogations—and here K. received a new explanation of what they meant—was to ensure that those parties whom the gentlemen couldn’t stand to see by day were quickly examined under artificial light at night, so the gentlemen would get a chance right after the hearing to forget all that ugliness in their sleep (282).
The dark setting holds K. and the other villagers at a distance from the Castle, reinforcing its mystique and inaccessibility, but it also holds the villagers away from the officials who scorn them, highlighting the divide between the two classes.
When K. wakes, he witnesses the energetic hustle and bustle that characterizes the officials’ ultimately meaningless work, which is conducted not in the morning’s light but in the inn’s dim, dark corridor. Later, K sleeps again in the taproom at the Gentlemen’s Inn, where “[it] felt good to be in the dark” (285). This suggests he has acclimated and succumbed to his fate, which is equally devoid of purpose or meaning. K.’s experience in The Castle certainly seems to be the stuff of nightmares, which gives credibility to the interpretation that The Castle is the depiction of a dream and a journey into the unconscious.
By Franz Kafka