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Olga TokarczukA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Jacob, his family, and his followers arrive in Offenbach in a caravan of coaches, headed by a cadre of soldiers dressed in “gaudy uniforms” (107). The local people are fascinated by the arrival of this Polish baron and his beautiful daughter. They spread rumors about Jacob, who moves into a recently-renovated castle which has a history of flooding. Jacob is in poor health, but he writes many letters to his followers, telling them to join him in Offenbach. Thomas visits frequently as he has secured lines of credit for Jacob. Jacob becomes enraged whenever his ideas or plans are criticized; he lambasts the “simpletons” (100) who do not trust or follow his guidance. His old age is becoming more physically apparent and he must be treated with care.
A woman named Zwierzchowska runs Jacob’s household. She is still guilty for telling a lie which instigated a pogrom against the Jewish people who threatened Jacob’s followers. Jacob’s house guard is trained and overseen by Prince Jerzy Marcin Lubomirski, a disgraced, broke nobleman who “cannot shake his reputation as a traitor and a rabble-rouser” (96). He met Jacob during the monastery siege and, after a lifetime of disgracing himself, believes that Jacob is fated to help him recover his good name. Sophie von La Roche lives in Offenbach and invites Eva to social events. They listen to recently-composed music by Mozart, and Eva strives to remember every detail about Sophie’s home, though she cries in bed at night.
Nahman transcribes his dreams but is interrupted by an emergency: Jacob has “passed out” (89). As the doctors treat Jacob, everyone waits anxiously for news. Antoni Czerniawski is one of Jacob’s most trusted followers and he is in charge of all the Contra-Talmudists’ accounts. Along with Nahman, he begins to compose a history of the Contra-Talmudists and of Jacob’s life. He takes on an increased amount of authority in the group as Jacob recovers, even though he has no interest in ruling or leadership. As he recovers, Jacob explains that he has “taken upon himself all the anguish on the road to Daat—sacred knowledge, the sole road to salvation” (85). Czerniawski is tasked with bringing young girls to Jacob to have sex with him. In his old age, “he likes his girls to be extremely young” (84).
Thomas returns with big plans and ambitions. However, Jacob’s advisors warn him that Thomas is an indebted womanizer with a bad reputation who cannot be trusted. He is accused of being “a profligate and a pettifogger” (83). When Jacob discovers that Thomas has unilaterally announced himself as Jacob’s spiritual successor, he beats Thomas and orders him to be thrown in prison. Thomas accuses Jacob of being a pathetic hypocrite who will die soon.
Recovering enough of his health, Jacob delivers long, mystical sermons about the future. The older followers remain as enraptured as ever but the younger followers seem bored and disinterested. On more than one occasion, Jacob’s son Roch fathers a child out of wedlock. These children “cost quite a bit” (77). Eva criticizes his lack of morals and reduces him to tears. Jacob becomes even sicker, and his slight recovery astounds the doctors. He continues to issue orders until, eventually, he dies. Eva feels a strange mix of grief and joy.
News spreads quickly. In Offenbach, people debate whether Jacob was a true religious leader, a conman, or someone who was planning “an uprising in Poland” (71). In the wake of Jacob’s death, King Frederick Wilhelm issues an order against cults and secret societies such as the Contra-Talmudists and the Freemasons. Such groups are accused of being “cover for political and revolutionary intentions” (70).
Gitla dies on the same day as Jacob. Yente observes this coincidence as her body is “slowly transforming into crystal in a Korolowka cave” (69). Asher takes care of Gitla in her final days. As he sits beside her as she dies, he comes to the understanding that “there is no soul” (66). In Warsaw, the Wolowskis mourn the death of Jacob. They discuss the possibility that Jacob did not die and that he lives on in Eva. Christians quiz the neophytes about their community and their relationship with the deceased Jacob.
After the death of Thomas, his nephew Joseph travels to Offenbach. He does not know why his dead uncle has a scandalous reputation. Joseph brings money, gives it to the neophytes and, in exchange, receives military training and strange religious lectures. Joseph makes friends with his fellow students but knows that he has a “special status” (57) due to his relation to Jacob and Thomas. Eva runs the academy where Joseph studies. She has taken over from her father, whose followers teach that he continues to live through her. However, she feels pressured to pay all her debts and she feels as though she has been “abandoned” (54). Now elderly, Nahman continues to write. He describes his life after Jacob’s death and his growing realization that he and his fellow believers have always sought “to study light” (48).
Nahman dies a year after Jacob. Many of Jacob’s other early followers die soon after. After her brother Joseph’s death, Eva is briefly able to escape Offenbach and get away from her creditors. She is brought back when her brother Roch dies. Due to an interest shown in her people by Tsar Alexander of Russia, Eva is able to save Offenbach from being looted during the Napoleonic Wars. This allows her to stave off her debtors a little longer, but she dies under house arrest in 1816. She, like many of her father’s followers, is buried in a graveyard. This graveyard is eventually excavated, and its inhabitants reburied. Jacob’s skull is at first preserved, then lost to the annals of history.
In 1777, Katarzyna Kossakowska has a brief reunion with Eva. Father Chmielowski’s books and writings burn in an unfortunate accident and “nothing [is] left of his presbytery” (38).
After Jacob’s death, Thomas returns briefly to Offenbach but quarrels with Eva and soon leaves. He goes to Revolutionary France and assumes the name Junius Brutus Frey, becoming a military and philosophical hero. However, he is eventually disgraced and sentenced to death.
Yente sees everything. She tracks the descendants of the neophytes through history. In the 1800s, a writer produces an unpublished manuscript about Jacob’s life. It ends up in the same storage as the Rohatyn copy of New Athens through which Jacob learned Polish. Many other copies of New Athens are scattered around the world. Yente, from her position, comes to the conclusion that her only religion is “her faith in the dead” (29). Her body in the cave is forgotten. During the German invasion of Poland in World War II, the local Jewish people hide in the same cave system. The children find Yente’s body and refer to her as a living rock. She cannot see the person writing out the words “YENTE YENTE YENTE” (27) on a computer screen.
In the latter stages of the novel, Jacob attempts to set up his own military. He orders his followers to attend training and he even hires a disgraced aristocrat to train them. Rumors of his forays into the martial world are mocked at the high court; the Christian aristocrats have taken one look at his so-called army and dismissed him out of hand. The absurd uniforms of Jacob’s army—designed by Jacob himself—only serve to demonstrate the limitations of Jacob and his people. Jacob wants to be taken seriously and he believes that an army will achieve this end. The pathetic, absurd nature of the military force he creates, however, shows his limitations. Once, Jacob could envision a society and his followers would fill in the blanks and help bring it into being. Now, Jacob’s ideas are passe and he no longer inspires people as he once did. His attempts to assert authority are archaic and pathetic. The complete lack of threat felt by the Christian authorities is a demonstration of Jacob’s waning power and influence.
During the final chapters of The Books of Jacob, Jacob’s health falters. He has suffered many health issues over the course of the novel and these issues are beginning to tell. His body is almost unrecognizable but the distinction between the way in which his followers view him and how outsiders view him remains. Just as in Ivanie, where only non-followers could see the town’s ramshackle nature, only those who do not follow Jacob can recognize that he is a shell of his former self. He is a sick and skeletal man who refuses to recognize his own fading health. He continues trying to have sex with the young women among his followers but to do so has become a physical struggle.
When Jacob eventually dies, his death is not glamorous. He wheezes out of the world rather than achieve martyrdom. In truth, he does not achieve much at all. He dies deeply in debt and he passes down these debts to his children. As a point of contrast, Gitla dies on the same day. She was once Jacob’s most devoted follower but she found peace as the wife of Asher Rubin. During the later years of her life, she set up a loving and successful household. She never claimed to be the Messiah but her death—especially when compared to Jacob’s—reveals the quiet, subtle ways in which a life can be deemed successful.
As a further condemnation of Jacob’s legacy, Yente is able to trace the tendrils of his influence throughout history. As seen in the novel, Jacob was once a dangerous figure. His revolutionary ideas threatened the social order, even if this threat was limited to a small region of Poland. Nevertheless, the devotion of his followers and the radical nature of his ideas fade into the past. He becomes a footnote in history, almost forgotten.
Jacob’s final irrelevance is symbolized in the fate that befalls his skull, which is eventually dug up and passed around museums. Though he has spent a lifetime distinguishing himself from his fellow Jews and pronouncing himself as a Messiah, the historians in later generations can find nothing remarkable about his remains. He is dismissed as just another Jewish man; to add insult to injury, the physiognomy of his skull is used as a justification for antisemitic theories about Jewish people being naturally inferior to their Christian counterparts. In sum, the religious nature of Jacob’s life is irrelevant after his death and his life’s work is ignored, revealing the ultimate emptiness of all of his teachings.
By Olga Tokarczuk
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