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112 pages 3 hours read

Agatha Christie

The ABC Murders

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1936

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Chapters 18-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 18 Summary: “Poirot Makes a Speech”

Franklin Clarke arrives in London and informs Poirot that he is unhappy with Crome’s efforts. He suggests that the friends and relatives of the victims investigate independently, under Poirot’s direction. He offers to finance the operation so that all can participate. Hastings notes that when Franklin proposes including Thora Grey for her knowledge of the local area in Churston, he “looked suddenly like a shy schoolboy” (133).

The next day all the interested parties gather. Hastings notices the contrasting attractiveness of the women and Franklin Clarke’s boisterous personality compared to the retiring Donald Fraser. Poirot launches into a speech, reminding those present that they seek a killer with a mental health condition who “appears ordinary” and selects victims deliberately. He points out, “I make the assumption that one—or possibly all of you—knows something that they do not know they know” (135). Megan Barnard and Donald Fraser are skeptical, while the others are more enthusiastic.

At Poirot’s behest, Franklin Clarke recalls the day of his brother’s death, and Thora Grey does the same. They recount routine activities, like reading books and getting the mail. Megan Barnard recalls her last visit to Bexhill and arguing with Betty. Donald Fraser denies seeing anyone striking during his search for Betty on the day of her death. Mary Drower recalls her last letter from her aunt, weeping when she recalls that the two had soon planned to see a movie together. Franklin chimes in recalling a past incident where an accident victim had just bought new shoes. This prompts Megan to remember that her mother had just purchased new stockings for Betty.

Turning to concrete investigative plans, Poirot suggests re-interviewing Betty Barnard’s co-worker, Milly Higley. Franklin offers to flirt with her for information, but Thora sternly reminds him he must investigate in Churston. When Poirot assumes Thora could do so, she informs him she has left her post for London. Hastings notices she is blushing, but does not consider why, while Poirot instantly asks how Lady Clarke, Sir Carmichael’s widow, is doing. Franklin informs Poirot that Lady Clarke would like to see him. Poirot asks Mary Drower to interview the children in her aunt’s neighborhood.

Franklin suggests setting a trap for the killer in the personal ads. Thora dismisses the idea, and Poirot calls Franklin “still a boy at heart’” and agrees the idea is unlikely to bear fruit (143). With the agenda set, the meeting ends.

Chapter 19 Summary: “By Way of Sweden”

Alone with Hastings, Poirot laments that Megan Barnard was too observant to find the meeting comforting. He notes that he had an agenda and she saw through it. Poirot chuckles when he recalls the emotional dramas playing out before them, as they remind him of the events of his first adventure with Hastings, recounted in The Mysterious Affair at Styles when Poirot reunited an estranged couple by allowing one of them to be arrested as a decoy, drawing out the real killer. When Hastings rejects the idea that murder and romance may be related, Poirot points out that his friend has been humming a popular tune about a Swedish beauty, no doubt still consumed with thoughts of Thora Grey.

They are interrupted by Thora’s return, when she informs Poirot of the real circumstances of her departure. Lady Clarke fired her, despite her willingness to remain and organize Sir Carmichael’s papers. She claims she does not want to rely on Franklin Clarke’s “chivalry” to protect her from the truth (146). Hastings finds the gesture heroic, while Poirot calls it “calculation” (147). Musing to himself, Poirot realizes something about the conversation has reminded him of another detail, but he cannot recall it. He goes back to teasing Hastings, humming the song about the beautiful lady from Sweden.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Lady Clarke”

Hastings and Poirot return to the Clarke estate, finding the house silent and somewhat gloomy, in keeping with the rainy weather. They meet Lady Clarke’s optimistic and brisk nurse, who refuses to actually admit her client’s condition is terminal, but admits that Lady Clarke is less impacted by the recent tragedy due to her medications. The nurse says the Clarke marriage was happy and expresses regret that Lady Clarke came to dislike Thora Grey.

They meet Lady Clarke, who expresses her gratitude and echoes Poirot’s sentiment that Franklin is impetuous and impulsive. Lady Clarke expresses regret that her medication and pain have made her unable to recall what she wanted to ask Poirot. When Poirot informs her Miss Grey saw no strangers, Lady Clarke insists this is a lie.

She goes on to indicate her further dislike, especially that her husband was too sentimental about Thora’s orphan status: “Said she was so brave and such a good worker. I dare say she did her work well! I don’t know where all this bravery came in!” (153). She says that Franklin could not argue with her desire to fire Thora, and that she prevented him from developing his own attachment to her. Lady Clarke explains that she saw an unremarkable person outside speaking to Miss Grey. Before she can say more, her pain overtakes her and she dismisses them.

On the train back to London, Hastings speculates that Thora may have had reasons for lying, but that she cannot possibly be cooperating with the killer. Poirot states that there are many possible reasons for the lie, but he denies suspecting Thora. Hastings, waxing poetic, suggests that life is hard for beautiful women like Miss Grey, but Poirot dismisses this, suggesting that Lady Clarke saw clearly where others may not have. Poirot admits that he enjoys the argument, particularly teasing Hastings about women: “Perhaps it is that I like to mount you on your romantic high horse, Hastings. You are always the true knight—ready to come to the rescue of damsels in distress” (156).

Poirot reflects that the case is full of family dramas: Alice Ascher’s unhappy marriage, the Barnard family’s grief and Megan’s passionate nature, and the Clarke family, with the dying mistress of the household, Sir Carmichael’s interest in Thora, and Franklin’s air of mystery as a man recently returned from abroad. Only the killer has woven these stories together, Poirot notes. At their lodgings, they find Donald Fraser waiting. He asks for Poirot’s help with a matter plaguing him personally. Donald reports that he has nightmares of being on the beach and finding a woman in white whom he has strangled—the woman is Megan. Before Poirot can explain the dream, the post arrives, with another letter from ABC instructing them that the next murder will be in Doncaster on September 11.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Description of a Murderer”

Hastings recalls “with the printed words jeering from the white stiff paper, the hunt was up once more” (161). Megan Barnard arrives, followed by Crome. Crome is unhappy and stiff when Franklin informs him of the civilian involvement, but he launches into a speech about how thorough the police resources will be. Catching the killer, he insists, will be inevitable. Franklin Clarke disabuses him of this idea, reminding him that a national horse race, the St. Leger, will take place in Doncaster that day. Crome departs, somewhat deflated, and Thora Grey enters, immediately seeking proximity to Franklin. He informs her of the letter’s contents.

As the group gathers again, Hastings feels pessimistic. Poirot urges them not to despair, that their collective knowledge may still prove significant. Franklin is dubious, but Poirot continues undeterred, insisting that each of them knows something, even if they do not know the significance of the details. He informs the group that Thora met a man on the day of the murder, which she at first denies, but then remembers. Thora recalls that he was a war veteran selling stockings door to door, which spurs Poirot to an epiphany. Megan’s mother had purchased stockings, and Megan confirms the man was a door-to-door salesman. Alice Ascher’s neighbor had accused Poirot of being just that type of salesman. Thora, somewhat wretchedly, declares: “He wasn’t the sort of man you’d notice” and Poirot responds:

You are quite right, mademoiselle. The whole secret of the murders lies there in your description of the murderer—for without a doubt he was the murderer! ‘He wasn’t the sort of man you’d notice.’ Yes—there is no doubt about it…You have described the murderer! (167).

Chapters 18-21 Analysis

While the characters anticipate a letter indicating the “D” murder, women drive a significant share of the plot. Megan Barnard sees through Poirot’s pontifications, and Thora Grey reveals tensions in her relationship to Lady Clarke. Poirot retains his psychological interest, this time applying it to the families in the case: he calls Franklin Clarke youthful and foolish, while teasing Hastings about his romantic inclinations and tendency to indulge pretty women based on their looks.

Thora’s presence with the family members, and her relationship with Franklin and Lady Clarke also complicates the narrative’s portrayal of class. She is a young professional, and while Lady Clarke dislikes her as a romantic rival, this may also be the distaste of an aristocrat for someone beneath her socially. Even the dying Lady Clarke drives events forward, as it is her revelation that spurs Thora to recall seeing a stocking salesman, and Poirot to realize that this is a link between the disparate crimes. These revelations prevent Donald Fraser from having his dream properly interpreted for him; the stress placed on this element, by him, and by Christie, perhaps reflects the continued popularity of dream interpretation in psychology, first popularized by Sigmund Freud. Though this personal entanglement remains unresolved for the moment, Poirot previously admitted that crime and romance are frequently associated, recalling the events of The Mysterious Affair at Styles. That work ends with a renewed marriage, an engagement, and an apprehended killer. Christie, through Poirot, suggests that solving crime can restore domestic harmony, though that resolution remains far off at this point.

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