50 pages • 1 hour read
Ian McEwanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Serena lives in a small room with a few disheveled items of furniture. She shares the house with three working class women who have been friends since childhood, though she does not spend much time with them. All three are studying law and the house is quiet and tidy. Serena still reads many books when she is not out with Max or Shirley. The novels provide an element of escapism for Serena, though she searches the books for any similarities to her own life. She treasures a cheap bookmark given to her by Tony as a cure for her tendency to leave books spread open and face down, ruining the spine.
Serena arrives home late one night after a long afternoon spent talking to Max and remembers that her housemates are all away. She dismisses her initial anxiety about being home alone but then notices that her bookmark is in the wrong place. She searches for other disturbances in the house but finds nothing. Before she goes to bed, she drags a heavy piece of furniture in front of her door and sleeps with the light on. By morning, she has convinced herself that she is mistaken about the bookmark. At work, Serena is tired. She sits through a long, well-attended lecture about counter-insurgency in Northern Ireland and spots Max, Millie Trimingham, and the man who interviewed her, Harry Tapp, in the audience.
As the lowest ranking attendees, Serena and Shirley sit at the back of the room and hear the lecturer discuss the Bloody Sunday massacre in Derry, in which British forces killed 13 Catholics. The lecturer does not believe that the British were to blame for the incident, but he regrets that the deaths earned a great deal of sympathy for the Irish Republican Army (the IRA) amid the continuing bloodshed. He complains about British bureaucracy, which is slowing the military’s capacity to respond to the threat, and many in the audience seem to agree. During the question-and-answer session, Shirley bursts out with a remark which makes the room gasp. She accuses some members of the organization of trying to stage a coup. The interruption is blamed on Serena, who is deeply embarrassed, even though Shirley was “probably right” (47) in her accusation. Serena worries that she now has a black mark against her name.
Though Serena is expecting to be punished for Shirley’s outburst, the two of them are sent on an errand by a desk officer named Tim Le Prevost. They are told to drive a designated van to a safehouse. Inside the van are cleaning materials, providing the women with the cover story that they work for a cleaning agency. They are told to clean the safehouse thoroughly, including changing the bedsheets and scrubbing the toilets. They are also told to buy food from the local supermarket to stock the house, including four bottles of expensive whisky. Afterwards, they should lock the house and then never mention the assignment to anyone, including their colleagues. Shirley is skeptical of the task, but Serena stoically carries out her duties. The safehouse is in an even more disgusting state than she expected, included a patch of dried blood on one of the beds.
Serena is better suited to the assignment than she expects. As they work, Shirley scribbles in her ever-present pink notebook and then tells a story about a childhood visit to communist East Germany. She describes the small German village as “paradise” (49), where the relaxed people seemed to really care for one another. Serena pushes back against this idea, criticizing the East German state and praising Britain. She is shocked that Shirley would join MI5 despite being so critical of the British establishment and political system. Shirley accuses Serena of buying into the British propaganda, which angers Serena. Rather than retort, she cleans the bedroom in a furious manner. While cleaning under the bed, she finds a scrap of newspaper with something written in pencil. On closer inspection, she realizes that the scraps of writing contain Tony’s initials and half of the Finnish island where he spent his final days, Kumlinge. Serena is confused and begins to wonder whether the yellowed piece of paper has anything to do with the bloody mattress. She tries to find the paper from which the scrap was torn but her investigations lead nowhere. Eventually, Serena returns to cleaning. Shirley apologizes for her outburst. Serena accepts the apology but does not mention the piece of paper tucked into her pocket. They finish the job and return the van, their friendship repaired.
The next morning, Serena is invited to Harry Tapp’s office. She expects to be fired but instead finds herself meeting with Tapp and four other men, one of which is Max. The men make small talk and Serena becomes nervous, especially as the oldest man in the room watches her carefully over steepled fingers. The conversation switches to politics and, even though she is less sure of herself, Serena decides to “sound decisive” (55) and commits to her opinions. She realizes that she is being interviewed again but has no idea what role the men have in mind. Nevertheless, she strives to please them.
At last, Tapp comes to a point. He mentions Serena’s interest in mathematics, as well as literature. He quizzes her about contemporary writers and seems satisfied with her comments. The old man introduces himself as Peter Nutting and asks whether Serena knows about a literary magazine titled Encounter. She does not, so he reveals that the magazine is known for its center-right politics and scathing criticisms of communism. Supposedly, the CIA funds the magazine to lure intellectuals away from more left-leaning publications. The Soviets engage in similar cultural schemes, fighting a very different kind of war for the attention of the intellectually-minded. MI5, Nutting reveals, intends to start their own scheme. They intend to target “suitable young writers, academics and journalists” (57) at the beginning of their careers and offer them financial support in exchange for publishing ideologically approved material. One of their aims is to find a suitable novelist, one who is well-at-home among left-wing people, so they need Serena to vet one candidate named Thomas Haley.
Nutting explains that Serena’s assignment will be to introduce herself to Thomas Haley and evaluate whether he might be of any use to MI5. She will go to Brighton and make Haley an offer, though the actual source of funding will be unknown to him, as Serena will be representing a fake foundation. She is given clippings of all Haley’s published work to date. Nutting closes by admitting that they will have no real control over the writers’ output during the long-term project, but hopes that by funding the right people, they can achieve their aims. Serena will be helped in this assignment, code-named Sweet Tooth, by Max and a young man named Benjamin. Before accepting the assignment, Serena asks for clarification regarding her status. Tapp offers her a promotion in line with the importance of her new role. She is happy and believes that Tony would approve.
Serena works through the folder of Thomas Haley’s writing at home. She is delighted to be reading for “a higher purpose” (61) other than personal enjoyment. Her excitement clouds any doubts or moral qualms she might have. She reads Haley’s short stories. The first is about a pair of ideologically opposed twin brothers who must navigate a farcical weekend together. When the religious brother falls sick, the atheist brother must dress up as a priest and deliver his sickly brother’s sermon. However, he deviates from the agreed script, praising the unity and brotherhood of Christianity as though it were socialist in nature. The congregation applauds. At this point, the story pauses and Serena wonders whether the atheist brother might learn a lesson from his experiences. She notes that the church setting reminds her of home, while the characters remind her of former lovers. Then, she realizes that Haley has “got under [her] skin” (64). She is fascinated by his writing and wants to know how the story ends.
The story resumes by following a different character, a middle-aged widow who sat through the sermon and finds her life profoundly changed by it. Worse still, she finds herself attracted to the priest who delivered the sermon. She quickly deduces that the religious brother is not the right man, so seeks out the atheist brother and they spend two passionate weeks in his apartment. She commits to teaching the atheist brother about religion, but he decides to return to his estranged wife. The woman suffers a breakdown and disappears into the street. Over the coming months, she stalks the brother and his reunited family; her harassment causes the marriage to break down again, so he returns to her for comfort. However, her jealous rages terrify him, and he becomes entirely dependent on her. He loses interest in all the political issues which once inspired him, and she models him entirely in her image. By the end of the story, Serena is impressed by Haley’s wisdom and writing. She is fascinated by him and the sense of intimacy his story has engendered in her.
The Sweet Tooth assignment is the ideal role for Serena and vindication for many years of reading, which many people dismissed as a hobby. Serena’s love of books is unmatched among her colleagues and even her fledgling career as a literary columnist distinguishes her from the typical middle-class men like Max who surround her. Max sees no value in fiction and believes that Sweet Tooth should focus only on non-fiction, while Nutting must consult an external report to judge Serena’s literary knowledge. He does not pay attention to the content of her answers, merely to the degree to which they match what is written by someone else. The entirety of MI5 seems to misunderstand literature and art in a way which ensures that they will fail. Serena, a poor fit for MI5 regardless of the project, is the only person who has any chance of convincing Haley that she is serious and authentic. Serena’s longtime passion finally comes to the foreground and Sweet Tooth allows her to make literature a central part of her life, something which she has always wanted. As such, the assignment is more important to her than any other than she might have been given.
The internal workings of MI5 also reveal the stark class differences which exist inside the organization. A few women have begun to break through the ranks and challenge the male-dominated nature of MI5, but Shirley is the only working-class representative known to Serena. This difference distinguishes her at every turn, even though she is better at her job than those around her. Shirley’s background and social class mean that she is a perpetual outsider. No amount of good work or success will be able to mollify the way in which her superiors and her colleagues view her. Her accent and her outgoing personality make her an outsider, even though they have no impact on her capacity for work, her patriotism, or any other metric on which she might be judged. For all women like Serena do to challenge the patriarchal structure of the intelligence organization, women like Shirley must overcome even more barriers.
Serena’s meeting with her superiors and her meeting with Haley reveal one of her most important personality traits: She feels the need to please everyone. She praises Haley, talking effusively about his stories and taking delight in his muted but sincere reaction. She is happy when Nutting validates her opinions on famous writers, not just because she will be working on Sweet Tooth, but because an authority figure commends her on her knowledge. Serena’s need to please makes her work hard but also pushes her into uncomfortable territory. Often, she is so motivated by her search for validation that she abandons her own opinions and says instead what she hopes people want to hear. During Serena’s childhood, her father was emotionally distant and withheld praise. Her need to please stems from this emotional distance between father and daughter, as the adult Serena seeks to obtain the praise and validation which the younger Serena never could.
By Ian McEwan
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