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Toni MorrisonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Nel hadn’t seen Sula in three years, but she had heard that her old friend was sick, so she had to go check on her. She would be visiting, though, “with the taste of Jude’s exit in her mouth” (138). With him gone, Nel was fully responsible for the household. She took a job as a chambermaid at the hotel in which Jude had worked to avoid spending the pension money on which her parents had lived. The money wasn’t good, but the hours were, as she was home when the children got in from school.
When she arrived, Sula asked if Nel could go retrieve some prescribed medicine for her. The prescription slip was in her handbag. When Nel opened the purse, she saw that Sula had no wallet or change purse inside. Nel began to ask about this, but the way that Sula was staring at the boarded up window, the one that Eva had once jumped out of, made her think better of it. She took the slip of paper and went out.
When Nel returned with the medicine, she watched as Sula poured it onto a spoon. Nel tried to tell Sula that she looked good, but Sula quickly dismissed her lie. She also avoided the question about what ailed her. Nel then worried about Sula being alone, particularly as a woman. Sula reminded Nel that she was alone, too. Nel responded that she wasn’t sick and she worked. Work might have satisfied Nel, Sula said, but it never did anything for her. Sula never wanted to work and never wanted anyone looking after her. Exasperated, Nel told Sula that she couldn’t have everything, couldn’t live like a man, doing whatever she wanted. If she had children, Nel posited, she probably would have behaved differently. Sula corrected her, claiming that if she had children, she truly would have behaved like a man. Every man she had ever known abandoned his children. Moreover, unlike Nel, whatever loneliness in which she lived was hers alone. Nel’s was given to her by someone else.
Nel sat down in a wooden chair. She felt a passing anger but dismissed it, figuring that Sula “was probably just showing off” (143). Nel then told her that she had understood how Sula could take men, but she now understood why Sula couldn’t keep one around. Sula dismissed the idea, saying that no man was worth keeping around.
Finally, Nel asked Sula why she had taken Jude. Sula sucked her teeth then said that there was some emptiness in her life and Jude filled it. That was all. Nel asked why Sula betrayed her, having been a good friend for so many years. Nel asked her if their friendship mattered. Sula said it mattered only to her. Being good to someone, like being mean, didn’t come with rewards. Nel gave up, knowing it was pointless to argue about morals with Sula. Nel still admonished her for taking Jude away. Sula dismissed this, too, saying that she had only slept with him—she didn’t kill him. Then, she wondered, if she and Nel were so close, why couldn’t Nel get past it? Nel said goodbye, claiming that she wouldn’t return.
After Nel left, Sula reached for the medicine bottle. She then laid back down and thought about her old friend. She thought of how Nel would walk down the street with her back straight, thinking of all that Sula had cost her. Nel had long forgotten, she thought, about “the days when [they] were two throats and one eye and [they] had no price” (147). Pain overcame her then. She felt completely alone. She felt like getting into a fetal position and imagining that she was floating down tunnels “until she met a rain scent and would know the water was near” (148). She thought of the water enveloping her, carrying her away, and washing her tired body. Someone, she sleepily remembered, had promised her “a sleep of water always” (149). She suddenly noticed that she was no longer breathing, but this feeling brought her no fear. Her last thought before dying was of telling Nel that death didn’t hurt.
Sula Peace’s death was the best news the people in the Bottom had heard since they learned about promise of work on the new tunnel. Her death, they thought, marked the beginning of better days. There was also the renovation of a retirement home, which Black people would be allowed to occupy. Then, one afternoon, ice fell in Medallion. People remained in their homes for days. As the ice began to melt, everyone under 15 came down with a litany of ailments—croup, scarlet fever, rheumatism, earaches, pleurisy, and other troubles. Then, “a restless irritability” overtook those at the Bottom (152). With Sula no longer around as something to pit themselves against, the people lost all pretensions of affection. Teapot’s mother gave up her interest in being maternal and started beating her child again. Daughters-in-law once again resented caring for their mothers-in-law and wives went back to being less affectionate with their husbands.
Then, on January first, it suddenly warmed. Grass began to grow. When the sun came out on January third, Shadrack did, too, with his rope and bell, singing his dirge. The night before, he had noticed that the voices that usually kept him company were disappearing. He still drank a lot, but less often. He missed other people for the first time since he had been in France. He still had the purple-and-white belt that Sula had left behind when she visited him. He gazed upon it and remembered her. When he looked at her face, he saw the skull beneath her skin. He thought that she likely saw it, too. So, to make her less afraid, he had said “always” to comfort her. The word did its work, and she smiled. She ran off, but her belt fell away from her. He kept it “on a nail near his bed,” as a souvenir (157). He had seen her again, recently, when he went to rake leaves for the undertaker, Mr. Hodges. He saw her lying on a table. He recognized the tadpole over her eye. He thought, then, that he had been wrong about “always,” for yet another person he knew had died.
Now, for the first time, he didn’t want to ring in National Suicide Day. He wanted to stay inside with the belt. He decided to do his duty, albeit for the last time. He walked across the bridge and into the Bottom. This time, however, he didn’t care if he helped them.
For years, the people of the Bottom would argue over “who had been the first to go” (158). Some said it was the Deweys, while others said that it had been Dessie and Ivy. Those who thought it had been Dessie said that she had opened her door before anyone else, saw Shadrack, and laughed. Then, Ivy laughed. Soon, everyone in the Bottom began laughing as they never had before. The glee alarmed Shadrack, but he kept ringing his bell and holding his noose. The Deweys ran out of Eva’s house and danced a jig around him. Mrs. Jackson started marching behind him. Others quickly followed. That’s how the parade started.
When they got to the point at which the sidewalk started—the marker of the white side of Medallion—some people stopped and turned back, too self-conscious “to enter the white part of town whooping like banshees” (160). The rest kept moving down New River Road. They reached the entry of the tunnel excavation. They saw the construction materials sitting untouched and suddenly became quiet. All their hopes had lain at the mouth of this tunnel since 1927. The promise was dead.
Suddenly, they leapt over the little gate the erected only too keep out small animals and children, picked up the timber and steel ribs, and smashed the bricks. They then split sacks of limestone they were never asked to mix or haul, and turned over wheelbarrows. They destroyed “the tunnel they were forbidden to build” (161). They became so eager in their desire to kill what they had been deprived of that they went too far inside. Many died there after loose rock fell and trapped them inside. Tar Baby, Dessie, Ivy, Valentine, some of Ajax’s younger brothers, and the Deweys all died there. Shadrack had stood nearby, “ringing his bell” (162).
These chapters focus on the failed reconciliation of Sula and Nel, which coincides with the citizens of the Bottom collectively rebelling against economic progress that leaves them behind.
Nel’s intentions when going to see Sula are not altogether honest. Sula is, in Nel’s mind, getting her comeuppance for doing as she pleases. Arguably, Nel’s outrage, and that of everyone else in the Bottom, is less about Sula taking Jude and more about her cavalier attitude toward life, her belief that everything in the world is accessible to her. This remains an unconventional view for a woman to have, particularly a woman who is Black. Sula’s lack of a wallet reminds Nel that her old friend never had any sense of owing anyone anything.
Sula’s affair with Jude is about trying to satisfy boredom, as indicated by the space she claimed to be looking to fill. But, this encounter, like all of her other ones with men, was ephemeral. Sula, who had never known her father and who had seen her mother burn alive, is deeply acquainted with impermanence. This is knowledge that Shadrack can never accept—hence, his dependence on the idea of the food in his hospital tray being fixed in their triangles. After Sula dies, Shadrack concludes that his message to her about impermanence is wrong. Shadrack’s belief that, if things were fit into their place that they wouldn’t move, is wrong. But, his sense of Sula’s impact on the community is not. Her memory lingers in the town and may have had something to do with their revolt against decades-long racist deprivation.
The building of the tunnel takes place during the second New Deal and the eve of the Second World War. Black people were notoriously excluded from some of the benefits of the New Deal—a concession that Franklin D. Roosevelt made to win the support of Southern Democrats. Medallion’s tunnel project is exemplary of the kind of infrastructural work that would have been funded by the New Deal. The revolt of those who live at the Bottom underscores their social position, so cruelly identified by where they have been forced to live for years, and the country’s refusal to acknowledge their particular suffering within a time marked by collective suffering. Only after this rebellion are those at the Bottom able to reverse their position in the community, though little about their condition changes.
By Toni Morrison