43 pages • 1 hour read
Javier ZamoraA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Javier Zamora is the author of the memoir, and his nine-year-old self is the memoir’s first-person narrator and protagonist. A little more than two decades after the events narrated in the memoir, Zamora had spent little to no time reflecting on what he had done and what had happened to him. It was through therapy that he was first able to confront those memories and write about them. Zamora has lived in the US for more than double the time he lived in El Salvador, but he wasn’t able to get a green card until 2018, which meant he had to grow up with the fear of being deported for most of his life. Zamora is an accomplished individual; he was a Stegner Fellow at Stanford and a Radcliffe Fellow at Harvard and holds fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Poetry Foundation. He also lived most of this life in the US as an undocumented immigrant. His life and work show the complexities of the immigrant experience in the US.
The narrator-character Javier is a nine-year old boy living with his grandparents and his aunt Mali in La Herradura, El Salvador. He is a little heavyset: He mentions that the boys made fun of his “boobies” whenever he had to take his shirt off. He is a good student, showing an inherent ability for language through his knowledge of Spanish grammar and participation in a grammar competition. In some ways he is mature for his age, and in other ways he is immature. He is afraid of the toilet, preferring to defecate in the woods. He cannot swim, and he cannot tie his shoelaces. His relative immaturity and subsequent maturation establish his memoir as a coming-of-age story, or Bildungsroman, though it is a work of nonfiction.
Patricia is a young Salvadoran woman from the town of Soyapango. She has two daughters, one of whom is Carla. The other daughter is already with their father in the US. She is very similar in build and appearance to Javier’s mother, who has the same name. One major physical difference is that Patricia dyes her hair blond, whereas Javier’s mother does not. The fact that the two women share the same name is significant because during the trip to the US, especially after Javier’s grandpa departs, she becomes his surrogate mother. Not only does it provide them all with a good cover, but Javier also needs plenty of help and affection to make it to the end of their journey and back to his parents. Aside from wanting to reunite with her husband and daughter, Patricia would like to open up her own salon and work as a hair stylist.
Carla, Patricia’s daughter, is a Salvadoran girl a few years older than Javier. At the beginning of the journey, she doesn’t pay much attention to Javier. He often wonders if she likes him or can even stand him. He likes her from the very beginning and wants her attention. He finds it hard to have to share a bed with her and her mom, as he does not want to fart or do anything that could be embarrassing around them. However, as time progresses and they spend more and more time together, Carla begins to behave towards Javier as an older sister. At some of the lowest points emotionally for Javier, Carla inevitably comes to show him understanding and camaraderie.
Chino is a young Salvadoran man from the same town as Patricia and Carla and seems to have known them for a while. Chino’s past is shrouded in secret, much like the stories of the others: Javier knows very little about where they come from and why they are going to the US. It’s possible Chino is trying to escape from the gangs. His tattoos make others look at him funnily and are possibly from MS-13. The gang is well-known outside of the US and El Salvador, and in Zamora’s poetry, he makes references to MS-13. That aside, Chino says he wants to work in restaurants; he has an affinity for and interest in cuisine. At first, Javier does not trust him, but during the boat ride into Mexico, he learns that Chino can be very caring. Javier reminds Chino of his deceased brother, and that forms a bond between them. As they progress on their journey, Chino transitions between a father figure and older brother to Javier. He carries Javier when he can no longer walk and helps him get over fences. Chino’s loyalty to Patricia, Carla, and Javier is further witnessed when he goes back to help them rather than run away from Border Patrol, which gets him caught.
Marcelo is from La Herradura like Javier. He knows and respects Javier’s grandpa, so when Javier’s grandpa leaves, he asks Marcelo to look after Javier for him. Javier does not trust Marcelo and is even a little afraid of him. For Javier, Marcelo is a very ambiguous and distant character. Despite Javier’s grandfather’s paying Marcelo, Marcelo does very little for or with Javier. Unlike all the others, Marcelo has been to the US before but was caught and deported. Like Chino, he is tattooed, though his tattoos don’t seem to raise suspicions the way Chino’s do. When he gets back to Los Angeles, California, Marcelo hopes to get work in construction, which he considers man’s work. Marcelo is not at all loyal to the group the way Chino is. During the first crossing attempt, Marcelo fakes a leg injury so that he can slip away while no one is looking. Though he abandons the group for his own good (he is never caught), he does at least contact Javier’s parents and gives them an update on his progress. Until Javier makes it to Tucson, it is the only information his parents get about his circumstances.
Javier was one year old when his father left for the US and five when his mother left. From that point on, his grandparents raised him. His grandfather, Don Chepe, was a soldier during the civil war. Though he eventually became sober, his violent, drunken outbursts made Javier afraid of him. Only when Javier embarks on his journey does he see the loving and caring side of his grandpa. His grandpa is instrumental in helping Javier overcome his fear of toilets, and he teaches him other lessons that provide Javier with enough of a sense of self-sufficiency and bravery to overcome the trials of his migration to the US.
Javier’s Abuelita (grandmother in Spanish) is the motherly figure in his life after his mom left. She earns extra money for the family by running a pupusa stand, at which Javier often helps out. She is loving, caring, and strong, and with the income from grandpa’s retirement, is able to provide her children and Javier with a stable life in El Salvador despite the rampant social and economic turmoil.