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41 pages 1 hour read

Ana Castillo

So Far from God

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1993

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Chapters 4-6 Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Of the Further Telling of Our Clairvoyant Caridad Who After Being Afflicted with the Pangs of Love Disappears and Upon Discovery Is Henceforth Known as La Armitaña”

The chapter opens with doña Felicia and Caridad traveling to Chimayo (or Tsimayo), to join the penitente procession(Lenten Week pilgrimage) on Good Friday. Chimayo is considered a holy spot because a statue of our Lord of Esquipulas (a black Christ) was unearthed there 200 years ago. While in the procession, Caridad catches sight of the most beautiful woman she has ever seen sitting atop an adobe wall. She is overwhelmed by the sight of this woman and reflects: “how could she tell doña Felicia that for the first time in years, since way before the attack, her heart was renewed, moved by another human being” (79). After participating in a ritual of rubbing herself with sacred, healing soil, Caridad approaches the so-called Woman-on-the-wall but loses resolve and runs away after just saying hello. 

After returning home, Caridad remains fixated on the woman, at which point doña Felicia suggests Caridad visit Ojo Caliente, to heal in the mineral baths. Caridad sets out on the journey but stops in a cave to rest and remains there for a year because she sees the sun rise and wants “to be the lone witness to that miracle every dawn” (89). Doña Felicia’s godson, Francisco el Penitente, eventually discovers Caridad but is unable to forcibly remove her, even with the help of his two friends. News of La Santita Armitaña(the Holy Hermit) spreads, and hundreds of people flock to Caridad, hoping that she will use her powers to heal them. Caridad avoids these supplicants, leaves the cave, and finally arrives at the mineral baths of Ojo Caliente, where she discovers that the Woman-on-the-wall (Esmeralda) is an attendant there. She no longer has the same overwhelming effect on Caridad, but the two do converse.  

Before her disappearance, we also learn that Caridad has been having dreams of her attack. Her attacker is not a man or an animal, “but a thing, both tangible and amorphous” (77). Though she has never spoken of the attack, she telepathically communicates her attack to La Loca and doña Felicia through dreams. Esperanza has also disappeared on assignment and remains missing in the Persian Gulf region without any apparent action on the part of the U.S. government to find her.

Chapter 5 Summary:“An Interlude: On Francisco el Penitente’s First Becoming a Santero and Thereby Sealing his Fate”

This chapter focuses on the early life of Francisco, who goes to stay with his godmother,doña Felicia, after his mother dies. He serves in the Army during the Vietnam War, and, when he returns home, he briefly attends college and becomesinvolved with a white girl. He is barely present emotionally, and spends a lot of time wandering, smoking pot, and generally existing “in a kind of mummified state” (99).During this time, Francisco asks his tío, Pedro, to train him in the role of a santero, a priest who practices the Afro-American religion of Santeria, which has been in Francisco’s family for 200 years. Practice of Santeria varies widely across the world, but in this part of U.S., the role of the santeroconsists solely of carving statues, known as bultos. These are images of the saints, who in turn divinely guide the hand of the santero as they carve.Francisco chooses to carve his namesake, St. Francis of Assisi, as his first project. 

Ten years after learning the ways of the santero,Francisco becomes a penitente at the age of thirty-three. Penitentes are part of a lay Roman Catholic brotherhood in New Mexico, and they maintain religious meeting buildings, called moradas.  

Chapter 6 Summary:“The Renewed Courtship of Loca’s Mom and Dad and How in ’49 Sofia Got Swept Off Her Feet by Domingo’s Clark Gable Mustache, Despite her Familia’s Opinion of the Charlatan Actor”

These pageschart the trajectory of Sofi and Domingo’s relationship. At fourteen years old, Sofi encounters Domingo at a dance: “He—who was to become the lifelong source for both her heart’s misery and joy—was standing with some other young men looking as wily, as tirili, as he” (106). Sofi is enraptured by Domingo’s bold attitude, good looks and “dark, sinful eyes” (106). Though Sofi does not make a connection with Domingo at that particular dance, he shows up six months later at her quinciñera (a girl’s 15th birthday, which marks the beginning of womanhood in Latino cultures). From that point on, they begin dating and engage in a passionate relationship. They elope three years later, when Sofi turns eighteen. Throughout their courtship, Sofi’s family distrusts Domingo and asserts he “was just plain not good enough for their sweet Sofi” (109). 

The text tells us that Domingo leaves Sofi a year and a half after the birth of La Loca, only to return twenty years later without any explanation. We later learn that it was Sofi who rejected Domingo, and not vice versa, but she and the community operate under the illusion that it is the other way around. Upon Domingo’s return, Sofi and he, “acted like a couple who had actually been together of the better part of their nearly thirty-five-year marriage and had become so used to each other that they didn’t even notice one another no more” (109). Sofi reflects on the fact that she has not gone out in years and convinces Domingo to take her dancing at Our Lady of Belen Fiesta.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

This section continues the theme of blending traditions. When the statue of Our Lord of Esquipúlas is found in Chimayo, “the Catholic Church endorsed as sacred what the Native people had known […] since the beginning of time” (73). Thus, the Catholic church sanctifies a holy spot in Native cultures, allowing these two traditions of holiness to exist side by side. So, too, does Caridad attract people from different faiths and traditions: “Not only the nuevo mexicano-style Spanish Catholics went to see her but also Natives from pueblos, some who were Christian and some who were not” (87). Her holiness transcends the confines of religion, making her persona a symbol of this blending. Finally, the character of Francisco also represents a blending of traditions as he, “sealed his fate to play a role in the religious belief system of his people and his land as both santero and penitente and from there on became Francisco el Penitente” (95). These instances and characters are emblematic of the world constructed by the novel, one that values holiness and allows it to exist in multiple cultural and religious traditions at once. 

These chapters also introduce a new theme of shifting power dynamics: oppressed women take on more powerful roles. Caridad revisits her attack in her dreams. While she is afraid at first, she becomes less and less so as time goes on. In this way, she mentally and emotionally reclaims the power and humanity taken from her during her attack. She is no longer the victim now that she owns her own narrative. Continuing along the road towards self-actualization, Caridad resists the men who try to remove her from the cave. This is a direct reversal of her previous experience, as she now has the power to assert herself and follow her own desires, instead of bending to the desires of the men around her.  

Sofi, too, reclaims some of her power. At the beginning of her relationship, she is the victim of Domingo’s emotional abuse and financial abuse as he betrays her trust by gambling away her property. However, when Domingo returns, their roles are reversed: “Yes, she had let him return, he was after all her husband and the father of their children, but he was sad to accept the reality that his presence was little more than tolerated” (110). Sofi no longer worships Domingo or relies on him for support. She has proven herself to be able to support herself and her daughters and only accepts him back on her own terms. 

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