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55 pages 1 hour read

Kurt Vonnegut Jr.

Slaughterhouse-Five

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1969

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Chapters 3-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 3 Summary

The German soldiers are ordered to round up any wandering or wounded Americans. They are a mix of older men and teenagers like Billy and Weary. They have a dog named Princess. Billy notices that the exhausted, cynical corporal in charge of the Germans has polished boots. Billy admires the boots. He catches the eye of the youngest German, a 15-year-old “blond angel” (31). Gunshots in the distance reveal that the two American soldiers who ditched Billy and Weary have been shot. The Germans take Weary’s expensive weapons and equipment. The two sides do not speak each other’s language.

Billy and Weary are taken to a stone cottage where 20 other Americans are detained. No one talks. Billy sleeps and travels through time again. He is in 1967 in his optometrist’s office where he worries about his mental health. Occasionally, he falls asleep at work and he forgets his own age. As he sits in his office, Billy hears a siren. He closes his eyes and awakes again in the stone cottage. A German tells him to get up and move. The Germans take photographs of the captured Americans to use in propaganda materials.

As Billy is made to pose for photographs, his mind slips out of time again. He is in 1967 and driving to a Lions Club meeting. He drives through a predominantly African American neighborhood which has burned down. Billy blames the African American inhabitants. The sight of the destroyed buildings reminds him of Dresden. At the Lions Club, he listens to a major from the Marines deliver a lecture on the importance of the Vietnam War. The man is “bombing North Vietnam back into the Stone Age” (34) if necessary. Billy’s son fights in Vietnam as part of the Green Berets. He assures the major that he is proud of his son. Every so often, Billy weeps for no apparent reason. His doctor advises him to take more naps.

Meanwhile, Billy’s business is successful, and he is rich beyond his wildest expectations. He owns a vibrating bed named “Magic Fingers” (35). As he tries to nap, all he can do is cry. The bed vibrates as he weeps. A man selling magazine subscriptions rings the doorbell, but Billy refuses to open the door. He believes the subscriptions are a scam. When Billy lays back down on the bed, he wakes up again in 1944 in Luxembourg.

The American prisoners are forcibly marched from Luxembourg into Germany through the bitter winter conditions. Billy is strangely excited by the difficult march, and he smiles as the number of Americans grows. The prisoners are loaded onto boxcars and divided according to their rank. The narrator is at the station, as is O’Hare, but they do not meet Billy. Billy stands in the corner of the cramped boxcar next to a ventilator. He has a view of the outside. The prisoners are made to wait in the crammed boxcar for two days. Water and food are passed through the ventilator while the men must relieve themselves in their helmets. The full helmets are then passed to men like Billy, who dump the contents outside. The train finally begins to move on Christmas Eve. As the train travels through the night, Billy becomes unstuck and finds himself on the night that he is abducted by the Tralfamadorians. 

Chapter 4 Summary

Billy is abducted on the night of Barbara’s wedding. Unable to sleep, he lays next to Valencia who just had a hysterectomy. The Magic Fingers vibrate the bed as Valencia snores. He knows that he is “about to be kidnapped by a flying saucer” (41) so he wanders through his empty house and drinks flat champagne until the aliens to arrive. A war movie plays on the television, and Billy imagines it playing backwards. The damaged planes mend themselves in midair and take their bombs back to the base where they are dismantled in factories.

The time for Billy’s abduction arrives. A 100-foot-wide saucer appears above his backyard, pulsing with purple light and screeching like an owl. A hatch opens, and Billy is shot and paralyzed with a ray gun. Through telepathy, the Tralfamadorians tell him that he is lucky to have been chosen, though there is nothing particularly significant about him. As they prep him for his journey, Billy wakes up back in the boxcar.

The train makes several stops throughout Germany and drops off prisoners at different camps. The other soldiers all hate Billy. Weary dies on the ninth day of the journey after spending much of the previous days raving hysterically. He accuses Billy of killing him. On the tenth day, the train arrives at the prison camp. Billy and the other men are given coats that belonged to the dead, and then they are stripped naked and deloused. Among the prisoners are a former high school teacher named Edgar Derby and a man named Paul Lazzaro. Paul promised Weary that he would punish Billy as vengeance for Weary’s death.

Billy slips back in time to his childhood, then to a golf game in his middle-age, and later to the alien spacecraft. As he travels to Tralfamadore, the aliens explain to him that they experience time differently than humans do. They see time as humans see a range of mountains—as an unchanging and constant edifice which does not need an explanation. Billy questions whether such an understanding allows for free will. The Tralfamadorians dismiss this as a human concern, adding that humans are the only species among hundreds who care about the concept of free will. 

Chapters 3-4 Analysis

Death is a frequent occurrence in Slaughterhouse-Five. Death and violence are so common that the narrator’s prose becomes almost indifferent to the random and senseless infliction of pain. The phrase “so it goes” is repeated following most mentions of death, while the vivid imagery used to portray acts of violence take on an almost amused tone. The death of the scout in Chapter 3 is one moment of brutal violence. The narrator compares the blood on the snow to raspberry sherbet. The indifferent, detached observation of violence likens a brutal attack to a sweet treat. The contrast between the thoughts of candy and the reality of the blood emphasizes the extent to which war desensitizes the men. Billy and his fellow soldiers barely acknowledge violence and death anymore. They disappear into their safe memories of childhood where everything seems like raspberry sherbet rather than spilled blood.

Billy’s detachment from society is part of his character. He is a friendless, uninteresting person in his youth, a traumatized and ineffective soldier, and later a passive but successful civilian. He rarely intervenes in situations and frequently abdicates any personal responsibility. He has seen his past, his present, and his future all at once, and he never attempts to challenge this predetermined path through life. Instead, Billy becomes a passive observer in his own life. The men who try to sell him magazine subscriptions are an example of his observational disinterest. Billy is certain that the men are involved in a criminal scam. He does not help them or phone the police; he merely watches from his house and then returns to bed. In short, Billy does not interfere in their scheme because he already knows that he will not. Billy’s knowledge of the future allows him to indulge his passive detachment from society.

Billy’s abduction by the Tralfamadorians is foreshadowed by many of the lessons he will learn. He is taken by the spaceship on the night of Barbara’s wedding. On that night, he rises alone while everyone else is sleeping and watches a war movie play backwards and forward on the television. Billy already knows that he will be abducted, and so he allows himself to be taken. He is the only conscious human in the house, a state which will later reflect his knowledge of the true nature of the universe while surrounded by an uncaring, unbelieving society. Billy will eventually become one of the only people who understands the universe in the Tralfamadorian fashion just as he is the only person awake in a house full of sleeping people. The war movie on the television plays backwards and forward as an echo of Billy’s memories of World War II constantly churning through his head. The movie on the television is an exterior illustration of how Billy’s memories function. The same movie, with the same beginning, middle, and end, is caught in a constant loop. The same pattern can be applied to Billy’s life and how he experiences it. 

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