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67 pages 2 hours read

J. M. Barrie

Peter Pan

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1911

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: Peter Breaks Through

“All children, except one, grow up” (7). Wendy knew she would grow up from the age of two: “Two is the beginning of the end” (7) for her childhood. Wendy’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. Darling are a good couple with a tightly balanced budget. However, when Mrs. Darling should have been totaling the bills, she drew the children she dreamed of having instead. When Wendy was born, the couple debated whether they could keep her, “as she was another mouth to feed” (8). Mr. Darling fussed over the check book while Mrs. Darling tried to convince him they could keep her. To limit the cost of a nanny, they employed a Newfoundland dog named Nana, who “proved to be quite a treasure of a nurse” (9).

The narrator wonders whether the reader has seen a map “of a child’s mind, which is not only confused, but keeps going round all the time” (11). It goes round so much because children dream of and imagine their own Neverland. “Of course the Neverlands vary a good deal” (11). John’s Neverland differs from Michael’s, and Michael’s differs from Wendy’s. Part of Wendy’s Neverland is her belief in Peter Pan. Mrs. Darling asks Wendy about Peter, and she simply explains that he is Peter Pan; “At first, Mrs. Darling did not know, but after thinking back into her childhood she just remembered a Peter Pan who was said to live with the fairies….She had believed in him at the time” (12).

Wendy believes Peter visits her, and that he comes in through the window. “Wendy had not been dreaming, as the very next night showed, the night on which the extraordinary adventures of these children may be said to have begun” (14). Wendy dreams of Neverland coming close, and a boy breaking through. As she dreams, the window to the nursery opens. A boy enters, waking up Mrs. Darling. She cries when she realizes he must be Peter Pan.

Chapter 2 Summary: The Shadow

Nana scares Peter away, but traps his shadow. Mrs. Darling folds the shadow up and puts it in a drawer. A week later, Mr. and Mrs. Darling go to a party, leaving the children at home. Mr. Darling ties Nana up in the yard. While Mrs. Darling tucks the children into bed, she hears Nana barking, and Wendy explains her bark means she smells danger. Despite this warning, Mr. and Mrs. Darling leave for the evening. The stars tell Peter it is time.

Chapter 3 Summary: Come Away, Come Away!

Inside the nursery, a fairy flies. When Peter Pan arrives, he asks her if she knows where his shadow is. “The loveliest tinkle as of golden bells answered him. It is the fairy language. You ordinary children can never hear it, but if you were to hear it you would know that you had heard it once before” (25). Peter finds his shadow and tries to reattach it. However, he can’t attach it, so he cries. Wendy wakes up and asks why he is crying. He explains he can’t get his shadow back on, and Wendy suggests that she could sew it back on.

After she does so, Peter gives himself the credit. “It is humiliating to have to confess that this conceit of Peter was one of his most fascinating qualities. To put it with brutal frankness, there never was a cockier boy” (27). Wendy offers to give Peter a kiss, but he doesn’t know what a kiss is. When he offers her a kiss in turn, he gives her an acorn instead. “It was lucky that she did put it on that chain, for it was afterwards to save her life” (28).

Peter tells Wendy more about himself—he ran away when he was born because he doesn’t want to be a man. He also reveals that fairies do exist, and he introduces Wendy to Tinker Bell. Tinker Bell isn’t fond of Wendy and calls her names. Peter explains that he lives in Neverland with the lost boys. “They are the children who fall out of their perambulators when the nurse is looking the other way. If they are not claimed in seven days they are sent far away to Neverland to defray expenses” (30). Peter prepares to leave, explaining he needs to tell the lost boys the end of a story he heard. Wendy asks him not to go and tells him that she knows “lots of stories” (31). “Those were her precise words, so there can be no denying that it was she who first tempted him” (31).

Wendy wakes Michael and John up and introduces them to Peter. They learn to fly, and Peter leads them out the window and away into the night. Nana warns Mr. and Mrs. Darling, and they rush into the nursery but they are too late: “The birds were flown” (37).

Chapter 4 Summary: The Flight

The four of them—Peter and the three Darlings—fly, and eventually begin to go over the ocean. Wendy wonders how long it has been since they were practicing in the nursery. When they get hungry, Peter steals food from the birds and “Wendy noticed with gentle concern that Peter did not seem to know that this was rather an odd way of getting your bread and butter, nor even that there are other ways” (38). If they were to fall asleep, they would plummet through the air, the thought of which makes Peter laugh.

Peter leaves them from time to time to go on an adventure. When he returns, he can’t recall what he’d seen or done. “And if he forgets them so quickly, how can we expect that he will go on remembering us?” (40), Wendy asks her brothers. Finally, they arrive at the island: “they had been going pretty straight all the time, not perhaps so much owing to the guidance of Peter or Tink as because the island was out looking for them. It is only thus that anyone may sight those magic shores” (42). The narrator notes that each of them recognized the island immediately. They soon notice elements from their own imaginary Neverlands, such as John’s flamingos.

As they approach the island, Peter announces that there is a pirate is nearby. He tells them that if they like, he will go and kill the pirate. He says, “You don’t think I would kill him while he was sleeping! I would wake him first, and then kill him. That’s the way I always do” (45). The children ask Peter who the captain of the pirates is. He tells them it is Captain Hook, and they shudder, “for they knew Hook’s reputation” (45). The pirates see them approaching and ready the cannons. The cannon balls whiz past them. “Thus sharply did the terrified three learn the difference between an island of make-believe and the same island come true” (47).

When the cannon balls go by, the children are separated. Wendy finds herself holding Tinker Bell in a hat. The narrator notes that Tink prepares to lead Wendy to her destruction. “Tink was not all bad: or, rather, she was all bad just now, but, on the other hand, sometimes she was all good” (48). Wendy follows Tink.

Prologue – Chapter 4 Analysis

Peter Pan is part of Wendy’s conception of the Neverland. Mrs. Darling also considers the possibility that she once believed in Peter, too. The narrator does not tell the reader whether Peter Pan is real, but he seems real enough to Wendy and her brothers. Regardless, women seem attached to Peter. Tinker Bell looks at Wendy as a threat to her property, and in later chapters, we see other female characters attracted to Peter, despite his terrible attitude.

Chapter 4 introduces readers to several important concepts, including the idea that no one is wholly good or wholly evil. Tinker Bell, in a moment of envy, leads Wendy to her destruction. Another character, Captain Hook, who is only briefly mentioned here, is later described as being not wholly unheroic, suggesting he too is neutrality more complex character than he first appears. If Neverland can be conceived of as an imaginary escape for children, then, through characters like Tinker Bell and Captain Hook novel seems to challenge the children’s innocent belief that things come in black and white.

Finally, these chapters make clear that Peter is an ignorant character, apparently believing that the only way to get food is to steal it from birds. Wendy worries that Peter’s ignorance will have negative consequences for her and her brothers. However, her recognition of his ignorance also suggests she will bring a level of knowledge and common sense to the island, something that becomes crucial in later chapters.

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