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C. S. LewisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Ransom awakens and eats. As he walks, he notices an animal on the ground. It turns out to be an injured frog that has a huge tear across its back. He kills the frog to end its misery. He begins to walk againbut finds a trail of these injured frogs. The trail leads to Weston, who is tearing another frog with his fingernail. Weston looks up and appears corpselike. Ransom decides that whatever powers the body is no longer Weston. He sees pure evil in Weston and finds himself weakened by the presence. Ransom faints.
When Ransom awakens from fainting, he is alone. He decides to search for Weston, to try to stop him from meeting the woman. After travelling to find Weston, Ransom finds him and the woman in conversation. Weston is attempting to make her move to the Fixed Land. He argues that Ransom wants to keep her ignorant because he didn’t teach her about death. She asks Weston to teach her. Ransom tries to argue that she should learn these things as Maleldil teaches them, but Weston claims that Maleldil would want her to become her own, instead of relying on Him. He claims that Maleldil wants her to disobey. Ransom tells her that perhaps the reason for this command is so that she has something to prove her obedience. Weston argues that he is older than Ransom, revealing that he is a being who was with Maleldil in Deep Heaven. Ransom argues that older does not mean wiser. He tells the story of Adam and Eve and how darkness came from this same action of disobedience. Weston claims that great things came of this disobedience as well. The woman decides to leave to sleep. Before she does, Weston says that the only reason Maleldil became man was because of this first disobedience. Ransom is frustrated, as he finds himself unable to do anything but tell the truth in the face of Weston’s trickery. Finally, he tells her that, yes, good can come of disobedience, but the good Maleldil planned for us is lost forever when we disobey. He asks Weston to admit how he feels about Maleldil and Weston howls in defeat. The woman falls asleep. Weston, now called the “Un-Man,” squats beside her and begins calling Ransom’s name. When he answers, the Un-Man says, “Nothing.” This goes on for a long time. Eventually, Ransom stops answering, though Weston continues to say his name. Ransom realizes that while he must sleep, the Un-Man might not need to.
Ransom attempts to sleep, but he is awakened and hears the Un-Man telling the woman stories of other women throughout Earth’s history, in an attempt to make her understand the power of women working on their own against all odds. The woman becomes disinterested and focuses on the rain. As she does, both Weston and Ransom attempt to talk to her. Over the next several days, Ransom finds himself in a losing battle as the Un-Man continues to tell these stories to the woman while he has to sleep. He stays near Weston to try to stop him from doing too much damage both to the woman and the animals. The Un-Man often allows Weston to return to the body, confused and rambling. This leads Ransom to no longer hate Weston, instead pitying him.
Ransom asks the woman to send both men away, but she refuses until she knows the full scope of the situation. The Un-Man tries to make her think that she must make this choice without the King’s knowledge, and that the King must be free. He makes it a matter of women’s empowerment and explains new words and ideas. When he explains “creative,” she laughs and makes them both leave. The next day, Ransom loses his temper and a major battle ensues between he and Weston, in an attempt at gaining the Queen’s favor. Throughout these battles, Ransom fears that it isn’t her ego but her innocence that will cause a misstep, since she wants only to serve Maleldil and the King, which the Un-Man claims is the purpose of this disobedience. Ransom falls into a deep sleep and wakes to find the others gone. He finds them wearing robes made of the feathers of Perelandrian birds. The Un-Man has taught her that clothing is worn by all on Earth for beauty. The Un-Man then shows her a mirror and she is startled by her own face. After she looks, Ransom realizes that the tactic is to make her regard herself as an externally-oriented rather than internally-oriented being.
When the Un-Man kills the frogs, the reader gets the first moment where Ransom feels that Perelandra has lost its magic. He looks out across the forest and sea and considers, “All these had become, in one instant, merely the illuminated margin of a book whose text was the struggling little horror at his feet” (94). As the Un-Man introduces death to Perelandra, that knowledge makes the rest of the world imperfect, just as Adam and Eve’s knowledge of good and evil made Earth imperfect. To introduce such change, the Un-Man must be a creature of “whole-hearted” evil (95). Ransom notes: “It was beyond vice as the Lady was beyond virtue” (95). Lewis then shows that the ideas offered by the Un-Man are not ignorant misleading but intentional evil, a commentary on the nature of choice. It must, he argues, “lead sooner or later either to the Beatific or Miserific Vision” (96).
Lewis does allow for goodness to still prevail, but it cannot be perfect once imperfection has entered. Ransom says, in response to the argument that good still came to Earth after sin, “Whatever you do, He will make good of it. But not the good He had prepared for you if you had obeyed Him” (104). Lewis also comments on how Satan, or an evil force, will try to adapt to the beliefs of the individual. Ransom analyzes the Un-Man’s tactic: “The idea that He might not really wish to be obeyed to the letter was the sluice through which the whole flood of suggestion had been admitted to her mind” (113). The Un-Man, realizing that he cannot make her disobey, suggests that there is a greater obedience in this minor transgression. The whole goal seems to be to make the woman regard herself rather than Maleldil, holding a mirror to her “as a means to awake the far more perilous image of her great soul. The external […] conception of the self” (118). This self-regard leads to ego-driven interpretation, bending universal will to the personal.
By C. S. Lewis