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57 pages 1 hour read

Jennifer Richard Jacobson

Paper Things

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2015

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Chapters 9-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary: “Applications”

While Gage is looking for jobs one night, Briggs suggests asking a friend to get Gage a job at a local Jiffy Lube. Briggs makes spaghetti and meatballs. After dinner, Ari works on her history project. Briggs brings out her folder of paper things and starts asking about them, but Ari makes it clear that she’s too busy working to play. Briggs pulls out Ari’s oldest cut-out, a boy she named Miles who was meant to resemble Gage when he was younger. When she tries to grab it back, it rips, and Ari feels “more invisible than invisible” (81), unable to cry or speak.

Chapter 10 Summary: “Love Letters”

Ari goes over to Sasha’s house for the night. Sasha’s mother, Marianna, asks Ari about whether she has started her application to Carter, the prestigious middle school that both Ari and Sasha hope to attend. Ari’s mother wanted her to attend Carter because everyone in Ari’s family did. Now that her mother is dead, it’s important to Ari to fulfill her wish. After hearing about how complex the application is, Ari wonders if it’s already too late to apply. She also wonders who is supposed to sign it and what address to put on the application. Sasha becomes irritated about hearing too much about it, and she and Ari go to Sasha’s room. Ari helps Sasha with math. Ari recites a letter she wrote as if from a fraction addressing a decimal to explain the concept to Sasha. Sasha reacts by calling Ari weird and criticizing her for not just doing things the simple way. Ari feels hurt by Sasha’s comment but says nothing, instead pulling out her paper things in the hopes of reminding Sasha of simpler times. Sasha remembers playing with them and making families together but laughs off the memory, calling it dorky. Ari feels like she’s being left behind in a world that nobody else understands.

Chapter 11 Summary: “Airplanes”

Gage collects Ari from Sasha’s, and Ari is happy to see the sun shining outside. She stops at the park on the way to Briggs’s to look for change and finds plenty. On her way to the apartment, she meets the man and his dog again. He gives Ari an intricate paper plane and introduces himself as Reggie. A stranger rides by and throws a brick at Reggie, shouting at him to get a job. The brick nearly hits Reggie. Ari is in shock but thanks Reggie for the gift and heads to Briggs’s apartment. She finds Janna there waiting for her. Janna has come to bring some of Ari’s belongings and inspect the living situation. Gage seems to have cleaned up and arranged the apartment to look like it belongs to him and Ari, which convinces Janna that they have a place to live. Just as Janna is leaving, Ari wants to say something, but all she does is thank Janna for the stuff.

Chapter 12 Summary: “Lunch Sacks”

Ari explains a personal theory about the quantity of good and bad moments in a person’s life. She believes that everyone is allotted the same amount of each in an “imaginary sack” (105). She hopes that since her life has been so difficult lately, she is going to run out of bad things soon and experience something better. Ironically, when lunch time comes, Ari finds out that Janna has stopped paying for her school lunches. Ari has no idea what to do about it. Sitting with her friends, she thinks about how she hasn’t been attending Girl Guides and how her grades are slipping. A few minutes later, the “Gifted and Talented” teacher (109), Mademoiselle Barbary, takes Ari and some other kids aside to ask if they feel like they’re being challenged enough lately. She asks how the students feel about leaving elementary school. Afterward, Daniel reveals that he has a list of things he wants to do before leaving. He shows Ari the list: On it are several fun things like freeing the class turtle and decorating the hallway with snowflakes. Last on the list is the goal of convincing Ari to join him, and Ari agrees to think about it.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Invitations”

Gage finds out from Briggs that Briggs’s landlord complained about Gage and Ari staying over too often. Desperate for a place to stay that isn’t the shelter, Gage calls a friend he met by the docks and takes Ari to his house. The friend, Perry, lives with his wife, Kristen, who seems less than pleased about having surprise guests. Still, she offers to let Ari sleep in the cupola (an attic-like room at the top of the house), which is filled with windows and has a view out onto the street below. Kristen asks Ari if it’s difficult not having her own bed, and Ari replies that she’s fine as long as she’s with Gage. She shows Kristen her paper things, and Kristen tells Ari that she had a miscarriage and that her relationship with Perry hasn’t been the same since. After Kristen leaves Ari alone, Ari looks at one of her history books and finds out that Alcott enjoyed making lists and lived in poverty as a child. She takes out her paper airplane from Reggie and examines it. She sees a Jiffy Lube ad on it and wonders if the airplane is a sign of fate. Despite having few things to her name, Ari sends the plane out the window into the night, making a wish on it. She wishes for Gage to find work and for them to find a place to live.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Notes”

In Mr. O’s English class, Ari overhears Sasha and some other girls talking about Ari’s appearance and smell. They comment on Ari’s greasy hair and disheveled look, as well as body odor. Ari feels deeply embarrassed and tries to cover herself up as best she can. She is wearing a stained shirt and hasn’t showered in a couple of days since she and Gage woke up late this morning. They had to run almost a mile for the bus and ended up arguing with each other because of the stress. At lunch, Ari avoids her friends and sits alone in the classroom working on her report. Kristen packed her some leftover pizza, and Ari finds a surprise orange in her bag that she guesses must be from Daniel. She thinks back to second grade, the time when her mother died, and how she spent weeks in the classroom reading by herself in the corner. She remembers not crying as much as she expected to. She also remembers the guidance counselor’s office and the dollhouse she always wanted to play with. Ari decides to write Daniel a note telling him she will do two things on his list if he helps her get a leadership position and apply to Carter.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Maps”

Ari is at Head Start enjoying the unconditional warmth and comfort of the kids there when a man named West, the social worker at the Lighthouse shelter, arrives. He pulls Ari aside and asks her about her living situation. Ari lies and says she and Gage are living with Briggs for now. Moments later, Gage shows up looking clean-shaven and proud. He announces that he got a job at Jiffy Lube, and Ari is thrilled to think that soon she and her brother will have an apartment.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Confetti”

Ari and Gage head to Chloe’s house to celebrate Gage’s new job. Over dinner, everyone seems happy and excited about the future until they start looking at apartments. It quickly becomes clear to both Ari and Gage that things are not as simple as they hoped: Gage will need references or a co-signatory. He wants to live in the east end of the city because it is near Carter, but it is harder to find affordable places there. Gage refuses the idea of asking Janna for help and reveals that he can’t call anyone about apartments because Janna cut his phone service off.

Chapters 9-16 Analysis

In this section, the theme of The Connection Between Shame and Homelessness is strengthened, especially through Ari’s perspective. Ari often talks about a feeling of invisibility that enshrouds her life and her mood. It tends to rise when she feels unable to speak up for herself, when her emotions don’t come out the way she expects, or when she experiences prejudice as a result of her current living situation. When Briggs grabs one of Ari’s paper dolls and it accidentally rips, Ari describes feeling “more invisible than invisible” (81). She cannot cry or speak out, although she wants to do both. Ari connects this problem back to a similar experience when her mother died and she didn’t cry as much as she thought she would. Ari has great insight and wisdom beyond her years in relation to the way that past experiences in her life connect to current issues. In some ways, Ari’s anxiety around speaking up or feeling sad is the result of still being a child, and to add to her feelings of invisibility, Ari feels like she is being left behind as her friends grow up around her. Sasha laughs at the idea of paper dolls, while Ari still depends on them because they are one of her only remaining connections to her mother. This is one of the novel’s methods of building pathos around Ari’s situation as a child, juxtaposing the ways in which she is forced to mature too quickly with the ways in which she clings to a lost sense of security.

The novel also continues to explore The Necessity of Community through this section by showing the growth of some of Ari’s connections and the challenges for others. Since Ari doesn’t have a home, she spends a great deal of time out on the streets, on the bus, and going from place to place without eating, showering, or having a proper night of sleep. All of this starts to wear on both her and her brother, leading to tension between them and to Ari’s increasing desperation to meet her basic needs. She is mocked by her best friend and other classmates for having greasy hair and feels isolated despite being surrounded by people. Through these details, the novel deals frankly with the daily experiences of people without homes. Ari’s story is an example of how quickly people that once seemed to care can turn away from someone in a time of need when they no longer fit in with normative social expectations. Daniel seems to be one of the only people still willing to interact with Ari despite the issues she is going through. Ari loses Sasha’s support but gains a friend in Daniel and later reflects on how that separation from Sasha was necessary for this to occur. Daniel invites Ari to join him in completing his year-end bucket list, which gives Ari a sense of The Power of Hope and makes her feel like she is part of something bigger. Ari also makes an important wish on the paper plane that Reggie gave her, and when Gage gets a job the following day, Ari starts to believe that they may be able to build a secure future.

The novel traces the real-life challenges facing young people who live without homes, especially the ups and downs of hope, perseverance, and disappointment. These chapters are characterized by the emotional peaks and troughs of Ari and Gage’s efforts to improve their situation. The more time that Ari spends without a home, the more stressed, anxious, and exhausted she becomes. Although Gage manages to find a job, finding a home turns out to be a difficult and complicated process, and there are many factors that neither Ari nor Gage considered due to their lack of experience. Ari maintains a sense of optimism by thinking of life in terms of a series of good and bad moments, believing good moments to be inevitable if one is patient enough: “It helps to think that there are only so many bad times in my sack. That sooner or later the good things will have to take over” (106). She feels that after so many horrible experiences, her life will eventually get better, but she does not yet realize that she needs to go back home for that to happen.

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