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54 pages 1 hour read

Naguib Mahfouz

Palace Walk

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1956

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Chapters 57-71Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapters 57-61 Summary

The brothers gather on the roof and study the English soldiers. The family seems trapped in their home. Yasin is particularly annoyed by this, as he wants to go out and get drunk. He is appalled that he has been forced to spend the night in the company of his wife. When he goes up to the roof, he notices his wife’s servant, Nur, and feels overcome by sexual desire. He makes sexual advances toward Nur, who tells him to feel ashamed but eventually agrees to go with him to her bedroom. They have sex, then Yasin hears his wife’s voice. Zaynab catches Yasin naked in Nur’s room and shouts at her servant and husband. Yasin is horrified by the consequences of his actions.

The next day, al-Sayyid Ahmad is told that the English soldiers will only take action against the protestors. Al-Sayyid Ahmad is more concerned about events inside his house, for Zaynab’s loud complaints about her husband’s affair have caused chaos. Al-Sayyid Ahmad accepts that Yasin should not have had sex with a servant like Nur, but he privately wishes that Zaynab would stop complaining. The rest of the family tries not to get involved, and Zaynab leaves the house to return to her father’s home.

Fahmy complains about the presence of the soldiers in the street and barely pays attention to what Yasin has done. Yasin is distracted by a seemingly pleasant interaction with a British soldier who asks Yasin for a match; Yasin happily obliges. When he returns home, he blames Amina for allowing Zaynab to leave. The conversation is interrupted by the sound of Umm Hanafi shouting outside. The family watches with concern as Kamal is surrounded by British soldiers. In spite of their concerns, Kamal sings and entertains the soldiers, and they give him chocolate. Kamal returns to the family home delighted, but Fahmy criticizes his little brother for being a “traitor” (403).

Zaynab’s father, Muhammad Iffat, visits al-Sayyid Ahmad. The two men are close friends, but Muhammad is angry that Yasin has insulted his daughter by having sex with Nur. He demands that al-Sayyid Ahmad grant his daughter a divorce. Though al-Sayyid Ahmad wishes to preserve his friendship with Muhammad, he resents being told what to do. He agrees to the divorce to preserve his friendship and breaks the news to Yasin. Though Yasin would like to stand up for himself, he accepts his father’s decision.

The demonstrations escalate. As he does every week, al-Sayyid Ahmad takes his three sons to Friday prayers at the local mosque. There, a man from the congregation accuses Yasin of being a spy. As the crowd turns angry, al-Sayyid Ahmad is appalled. Eventually, Fahmy steps forward and talks with one of the local leaders of the demonstrations. Since Fahmy is publicly declared to be an ally of the protestors, the crowd is quelled. Afterward, al-Sayyid Ahmad leads his sons home in silence.

Chapters 62-66 Summary

Al-Sayyid Ahmad is horrified after the scene at the mosque and blames Yasin for yet another humiliation. Later that night, Fahmy is summoned to talk to his father, who wants to know about his son’s involvement with the protestors. When al-Sayyid Ahmad demands that Fahmy swear on a copy of the Qur’an that he will not continue his involvement in the protests, Fahmy disobeys, saying that making such a promise would be like “abandoning his brothers” (426) in the independence movement.

Yasin learns that his mother is dying from malaria. He goes to visit her and feels “genuinely sympathetic” (429) for her plight. He tells her about his divorce and adds that Zaynab is pregnant with his first child. When his mother falls asleep, he leaves and promises to return the next day. He goes out drinking, and when he returns home, he finds a message telling him that his mother is dead.

Kamal forms an unlikely friendship with the British soldiers stationed in the street outside the family home, singing for them in exchange for chocolate. His closest acquaintance is a soldier named Julian. One day, Kamal catches Maryam smiling at Julian and tells his family members, who are scandalized by their neighbor’s behavior. Fahmy is particularly disgusted that the girl he once loved could be interested in a British soldier. Privately, Yasin is intrigued to realize that a compromised woman lives so close to him.

One night, al-Sayyid Ahmad is returning home from a romantic encounter with Umm Maryam, Maryam’s mother. He is stopped by a British soldier, who leads him to a nearby square where many Egyptian men have been rounded up. At first, al-Sayyid Ahmad worries that he will be killed, but instead, he and the other men are put to hard manual labor and are made to fill up a large hole that the protestors have dug in the street. The following day, al-Sayyid Ahmad recounts his story with many comical flourishes. The sudden interest in his story means that Aisha and Khadija visit the house with their husbands. The family is reunited for the traditional coffee hour, and Kamal asks his sisters many questions. They are both pregnant, and Kamal wants to know what this means. They also talk about Maryam, whose encounter with Julian scandalizes them all.

Chapters 67-71 Summary

Al-Sayyid Ahmad reflects on the bloody nature of the independence movement, in which many people are being killed, and laments the disobedience of Fahmy. Shaykh Mutawali Abd al-Samad visits him and offers religious guidance. They talk about the British soldiers’ recent massacre of the inhabitants of two small towns. At dawn, the family receives word that Aisha has gone into labor. Kamal wants to go with the rest of the family to be with her, but he must attend school. When he arrives, he discovers a tense scene that he does not understand. Aisha’s husband Khalil decides to call a doctor because Aisha’s labor is difficult. While worrying for the lives of his daughter and her baby, al-Sayyid Ahmad is privately critical of Khalil for allowing a male doctor to be so close to his wife. Eventually, the doctor reveals his prognosis: Aisha will survive, but the baby will likely die soon. Khalil seeks help to keep this information from Aisha.

News quickly spreads around the community that Sa’d Pasha had been freed. In the street, many people are celebrating in the belief that Sa’d Pasha’s freedom signals success for the independence movement. As he observes the celebrations, al-Sayyid Ahmad is relieved that this success likely means that his disobedient son Fahmy will not be in any danger. During the celebrations, the apolitical Yasin is swept up by a crowd and finds himself at the heart of a demonstration. He tells the story to the family afterward. Fahmy reveals to his mother that he has been involved in the protests and demonstrations, but he assures her that he was always safe and asserts that “the danger has passed and peace has returned” (482).

The next day, Fahmy is determined to repair his relationship with his father and apologizes for his disobedience. Though he is critical of his son, al-Sayyid Ahmad is privately pleased that his son has admitted that he “can’t live without [al-Sayyid Ahmad’s] approval” (486). Fahmy is pleased with the outcome of the meeting. That day, however, he reflects on his role in the seemingly successful independence movement and begins to wish that he had done more and risked more. He helps to organize a peaceful demonstration in which thousands of people gather to celebrate the release of Sa’d Pasha. The demonstration supposedly has the approval of the British. As the procession begins to move, Fahmy assists with crowd control. When they reach a large public square, however, chaos takes over. Gunfire is heard in the distance, and the crowd panics. Fahmy is killed by British soldiers.

Three young men appear at al-Sayyid Ahmad’s store and tell him that Fahmy “fell a martyr in the demonstration” (495). Al-Sayyid Ahmad is distraught. He tries to make funeral arrangements, but the men tell him that Fahmy will be given a martyr’s funeral. The prospect of telling Amina about Fahmy’s death preoccupies al-Sayyid Ahmad as he walks home. When he enters his house, he can hear Kamal singing a song. The lyrics are: “Visit me once a year / for it’s wrong to abandon people forever” (498).

Chapters 57-71 Analysis

As the political situation in Cairo becomes increasingly serious, Fahmy’s version of The Struggle for Independence comes with many unique challenges, and he has difficulty tolerating his younger brother’s naiveté and innocent friendliness with the British soldiers encamped in the street. Kamal does not understand the political nuances of the British colonial presence in his city and is too fascinated by the soldiers and their guns to feel any sort of loyalty to his fellow Egyptians. Fahmy, however, views these soldiers as his enemies, but because he is keeping his political actions a secret, he cannot be too explicit in his condemnation of his younger brother. Even so, he cannot always contain his disapproval and finds less obtrusive ways to express it. For example, at one of the coffee hours, he accuses his brother of being a traitor, and the comment is subtle but pertinent. If he is too forceful in his criticism of Kamal’s friendship with the soldiers, he is only inviting questions about his own actions. Nevertheless, he cannot bring himself to stay silent. Fahmy’s accusation of treachery is therefore an expression of the delicate line he must tread between secrecy and activism as he works to balance his loyalty toward the political movement with his desire to prevent his family’s concerns and avoid his father’s disapproval.

Fahmy’s struggle emerges as the primary concern of the closing chapters as he dares to openly defy his father for the first time, even refusing his father’s demand that he swear obedience on a copy of the Qur’an. In this moment, Fahmy establishes the sincerity of his beliefs. While al-Sayyid Ahmad might pay lip service to the protestors’ cause, his involvement in the independence movement is limited to making the occasional donation and discussing the matter at parties. He is more concerned with his extramarital affairs and his drinking habits, as well as maintaining his authority in his own house. By contrast, Fahmy is so dedicated to a cause that he sincerely believes in that he cannot abandon The Struggle for Independence on either a personal or a national level. Even when the battle seems won and people are celebrating in the street, Fahmy remains concerned that he has not done enough, and his desire for meaningful action precipitates the events that result in his death.

Significantly, al-Sayyid Ahmad learns about Fahmy’s death just a few hours after his son comes to him to apologize for his earlier disobedience. In the intervening hours, al-Sayyid Ahmad has thought long and hard about his son’s defiance. While he was quick to punish Yasin and Amina for their perceived challenges to his authority, he never punished Fahmy for his explicit refusal to do as he was told. This lack of punishment speaks to a subconscious concern of al-Sayyid Ahmad: the fear that Fahmy’s political beliefs are sincere and genuine in a way that al-Sayyid Ahmad cannot quite comprehend. His son’s sincerity serves to remind him of the hollowness and meaninglessness of his own self-indulgent lifestyle. He does not punish his son because he finds Fahmy’s sincerity to be admirable. After Fahmy apologizes, al-Sayyid Ahmad even comes close to respecting his son’s involvement in the cause, and when he learns that Fahmy has died, he is deeply saddened. For the first time, al-Sayyid Ahmad feels an emotion other than anger. Just as Fahmy’s defiance alerted al-Sayyid Ahmad to the sincerity of his son’s political beliefs, the boy’s death forces al-Sayyid Ahmad to acknowledge the genuine affection and respect that he had for his son. However, the tyranny of his authoritarian mindset is such that he only truly realizes his love for his son once Fahmy has died.

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