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44 pages 1 hour read

Ama Ata Aidoo

Our Sister Killjoy

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1977

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Character Analysis

Sissie

Content Warning: This section includes discussions of anti-Black racism and anti-gay bias. 

Sissie is a young Ghanaian woman who is probably in her early 20s in Our Sister Killjoy. Her exact age is never specified. She is called Sissie or Our Sister Killjoy, though she mentions that when she was at school, she was called Mary.

Sissie travels to Europe for her education. She does so at a time when many organizations and European governments were supplying scholarships and funding for African students wanting to get a European education. In theory, this was part of the broader effort of decolonization in Africa, but it was also a way to affirm European educational standards as the best in the world and as aspirational for Africans. Even before she travels to Europe, Sissie is aware that some Black people have a strange, obsequious relationship with Europe, having fully bought into the idea that European culture, education, and even food are the best in the world. 

When she first arrives in Europe, Sissie has a sudden and irrevocable moment where she realizes that Europeans categorize people by race first and foremost. From that moment on, she cannot ever let go of that European framework of racial categorization. Perceiving race in this way is a source of The Effects of Isolation and Alienation for her. In fact, the entirety of Europe is isolating and alienating for Sissie. She stands out, and few people seem able to understand even a fraction of her perspective. It is difficult for her to understand why anyone from Africa would choose to continue living in Europe, which she sees as a fundamentally miserable place.

Sissie is constantly wrestling with her Post-Colonial African Identity. She was born before Ghana achieved independence in 1957, but not very long before; the narrative is set in the mid-1960s. Sissie believes that it is important for Africans who travel to Europe to return home instead of permanently abandoning their countries. She thinks it is essential for independent African countries to solve their own problems without having to rely on European ideals and assistance. She regards those who refuse to return home as guilty of deep Hypocrisy and Shame. Sissie is a “killjoy” because she refuses to ignore eurocentrism, will not accept people’s arguments for why they cannot go home, and will not remain meek and obliging when faced with misogyny and racism. She thus refuses to celebrate the successes of Black people who go abroad.

Despite her anger, she is aware that she, too, is hypocritical: She has also taken advantage of a European education and has been away from home for a long time. At the end of the story, she overcomes her hypocrisy and lives her values, returning to Ghana and accepting its challenges without ignoring them.

Marija

Marija is a young, white, Bavarian mother who befriends Sissie while she is doing a volunteer program in a small German town. Marija has one son, a boy called Adolf, and a husband, also called Adolf. This name is a reference to Germany’s complicated relationship with its recent history: In the 1960s, the country was reckoning with its responsibility for the Holocaust under Adolf Hitler’s leadership. In her role as a mother and housewife, Marija is an almost stereotypical representation of a German woman in the 1960s. She wants Sissie to love Germany, begging her to visit Munich and constantly showing her affection by feeding Sissie typical German foods. 

Although she seems at first glance to fit into her cultural context, Marija is unusual because she is more vocally accepting of, and friendly toward, people of color than most people around her. She is also unusual because she develops and acts on romantic feelings for Sissie, and because she is not always enthusiastic about being a mother. She is a very lonely character, experiencing The Effects of Isolation and Alienation, which make her want to reach out to Sissie. The two characters are foils: Although their backgrounds could not be more different, they are both alienated from the expectations of their cultural contexts. Marija is unable to fully embody the expectations placed on her as a German housewife and mother. She seems thoroughly uninterested at times in both her child and her husband. Similarly, Sissie chafes against expectations placed on her both as a woman and as someone from Africa. 

Only Sissie is able to resolve this tension toward the end of the story, as Marija disappears from the narrative, leaving readers uncertain whether her loneliness will ever end. The two women never fully recognize the similarities between them, and even during their friendship, Sissie is never truly able to expel Marija’s loneliness. Although Sissie is intrigued by Marija, she always keeps her at arm’s length. She also develops feelings for Marija but is not willing to express them. She does not tell Marija she is leaving until the last minute, which Marija finds very hurtful. Although Sissie has hurt her, Marija gives her food as a parting gift and kisses her on the cheek.

Kunle

Kunle is the relative of one of Sissie’s friends. He is from an unspecified part of West Africa, but he has been living in London for the past seven years. Kunle is the epitome of Hypocrisy and Shame in Sissie’s eyes. He refuses to return home because the pressure to take care of his family and to have accomplished enough to justify his time abroad is too great.

Kunle also praises the white South African doctor who performs the first successful heart transplants. He sees these transplants as not just an extraordinary step forward in medicine, but also as having the potential to end racism. Sissie never fully understands how, exactly, he thinks that heart transplants will liberate the people of Africa, and she thoroughly disagrees with his assessment. When he dies in a car crash and does not have his heart used in a transplant, Sissie reinforces his hypocrisy and her disgust at his adoration of European accomplishments.

Kunle has a very different relationship to Post-Colonial African Identity than Sissie does. He thinks of himself as progressive and well-informed, which is why he finds Sissie’s angry dismissal of his views so frustrating and confronting. Kunle has accepted a lot of European ideas about Africa, seemingly without questioning them. He and his unnamed relative are uninterested in talking about the Biafran War because they see Africa as a site of unending and ultimately unremarkable tragedy. He has also internalized the idea that European standards are the best in the world, and that the best way for Africans to get a seat at the table is to play by European rules and to prove that they can be just as good as Europeans. Sissie disagrees fundamentally with his way of looking at things. She thinks it is a symptom of a colonial mindset to see European culture as the default or the highest standard. Instead, she thinks African countries should shift their focus to their own people and their own struggles.

The Men in the Love Letter

There are several unnamed men in the final section of the book, in which Sissie writes a long love letter to an ex-lover. She meets these men at a student union meeting while she is studying in Europe. All of them illustrate the Hypocrisy and Shame associated with refusing to return home to Africa.

Each has a different reason for remaining in Europe. Some reasons are more serious, like the difficulty of making a good salary in Africa compared with Europe, the desire to send money home to provide for one’s family, or the desire to create a thriving diasporic African community in Europe. Others are more trivial, like wanting to grow a beard with the help of hair transplants in order to be taken seriously at home. All of these men illustrate different facets of the Post-Colonial African Identity, though none of them have views that align with Sissie’s. They have accepted, on some level, that life in Europe is inherently and necessarily better than life in Africa, which is a view that Sissie consistently rejects.

The man the letter is addressed to initially seems to be different from the others. He does not talk at the meeting and later asks Sissie questions about her opinions, her background, and her real name. However, in the end, he is just like the other men. He, too, has no plans to return home, and he wants Sissie to move beyond the legacy of colonialism. He and Sissie constantly argue, but she refuses to accept positions that she does not agree with. Her lover believes that African women should be more submissive, and Sissie is also aware of social pressures that suggest that she ought to do anything to stay with her lover instead of allowing the relationship to disintegrate. Through this relationship, Sissie has to reckon with expectations she faces as an African woman. She rejects European gender expectations, some of which she believes have influenced gender expectations in Africa, too.

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