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Harriet E. WilsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Frado’s mixed-race identity becomes a source of bargaining throughout the autobiographical novel, offering her social access at times while inciting cruel punishment at others. Her light complexion is mentioned in the autobiographical novel’s beginning, when Mag and Seth contemplate which child they must regrettably leave behind. Seth suggests Frado, as Frado is “pretty, if she is [Mag’s] and white folks’ll say so” (11). Seth’s statement implies that Frado resembles Mag in complexion (rather than her black father) and that white people will be more amenable to her light complexion as a result. Knowing that there is such societal hatred of interracial unions and mixed-race progeny that emerges from such relationships, Frado becomes the clear choice, as she possesses the greater likelihood of social acceptance through her light skin. Her light complexion becomes a source of intrigue and initial acceptance among the friendlier members of the Bellmont family, but ultimately her black identity is what cements her position as a forced laborer for Mrs. Bellmont. The older woman states that she does not “mind the nigger in the child” (16) as long as Frado can work, implying that the young child’s blackness is connected to her labor potential.
Through James’s influence, Frado becomes concerned about the concept of heaven, which she is convinced is a mirror of the racial relations of her reality. As her circumstances relay to her a social hierarchy in which white people are considered good and afforded certain opportunities in life, religion slowly becomes a way for her to imagine other social realities. In her initial questions about heaven, she wonders, “is there a heaven for the black?” (47). She has only known and heard of a white heaven being spoken of during religious services. Her consideration of a black heaven demonstrates a stride towards believing that she has as much virtue and worth as the pious white people around her. When she learns eventually from a preacher that there is a heaven in which “all, young or old, white or black, bond or free” (47) are permitted so long as they accept Jesus as their savior, she starts to believe in not only a racially-equitable heaven but a socially-just reality.