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51 pages 1 hour read

Zadie Smith

On Beauty

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “On Beauty and Being Wrong”

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary

The Belseys visit Howard’s old college friends, Rachel and Adam Miller, in England. Kiki receives a call that Carlene has died.

Carlene dies from a serious cancer she never told her family about. Monty finds a note from Carlene that leaves her painting of the goddess Erzulie to Kiki Belsey. Mike finds it impossible that Carlene would leave such a valuable painting to Kiki. Monty suggests that Carlene’s illness had affected her mind, and Mike proposes that Kiki manipulated Carlene into leaving her the painting. Monty burns the note and tells Mike to invite Kiki to the funeral.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary

The Belseys attend Carlene’s funeral. In attendance are a wide diversity of people, including Erskine. Kiki is embarrassed to see how eager Howard it is to speak with Erskine and the cultural commentator Zia Malmud so he can enter his intellectual world again instead of dealing with death. Levi is struck by how run-down the church and its neighborhood look, considering how wealthy the Kippses are. The funeral service begins with a choir singing Mozart, and Howard is surprised to find himself sobbing. He starts to think about the death of his own family and transcends his space. Levi tries to comfort him, and Howard emotionally leaves the church. Kiki mistakes Howard’s departure as rudeness.

After the funeral service, Zora runs into Chantelle, a beautiful young woman who interns for Monty. No one can find Howard.

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary

Howard walks to Cricklewood, a neighborhood often designated as unsalvageable. Without thinking, Howard ends up at his childhood home and visits his father Harold after four years of staying away. Howard is angry at the presence of an older woman named Carol, who Harold explains visits on behalf of the church. Howard pays for a nurse to care for his father, and he is against interference from the church. Howard and Harold immediately begin arguing. The history of their tense past still affects them; Harold was against Howard going to college, leaving England, and marrying a Black woman. Now, Harold admits to his father that after 30 years, he and Kiki are likely finished with their marriage. Howard can’t stand sitting around with his father and leaves.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary

Carlene Kipps is buried in Kensal Green, a Victorian cemetery from 1833. Kiki and her children watch the burial, but don’t know how to get to the Kippses house for the wake. Kiki is distraught but takes comfort her children.

Howard comes across a football game and sits in the bleachers. He gets a little drunk on beer with the other men in attendance. He calls Adam, who tells him Kiki has been frantically worried about where he’s gone. He calls a cab to get to the Kipps house for the wake. At the Kipps’s house, he doesn’t see his family, so he steps outside for a cigarette. Howard opens a side door and accidentally finds himself in Victoria’s room, in which Victoria is crying on her bed. Victoria asks him to stay with her so she can talk. She seems drunk, but so is Howard. Victoria sits on his lap and starts kissing him. Victoria undresses and lies on her bed, exposing herself to Howard. She writhes and calls out for him to put himself inside of her. Surprised by her ecstasy even though he hasn’t done anything, Howard pets at her and then has sex with her. He climaxes right away.

Part 3, Chapter 5 Summary

Wellington College’s library is named after Helen Keller. On January 10, the faculty meet in the Keller Library for their much-anticipated meeting. Howard takes the floor to propose a silencing of Monty’s lectures, on account of Monty’s political ideation and the issue of many students feeling alienated or offended. Howard cites a blocked series of lectures in the previous year that were anti-Israel in sentiment. Howard proposes that Monty doesn’t have to have his lectures canceled, but that his lectures should be provided to the Equal Opportunities Commission for review and editing if hate speech is found. Monty defends his right to free speech and claims that a writer can’t control any impact they may have on their audience. He also accuses Howard of forbidding a club of Muslim students from renting a university room for prayer, another example of Howard’s control over free speech. This incident led to the students suing Wellington for discrimination. Howard points out that the Wellington policy is that no religious observation can happen on campus. Another professor proposes that Monty’s lectures should go forward because they should trust in the liberal intellect of their students. Howard repeats his accusation that Monty will be offensive because he is homophobic, to which Monty retorts that his comments about homosexuality were that Christians should be able to believe what they do about homosexuality without being legally branded as discriminatory.

The other faculty debate the issue until Dean French calls for a vote. The faculty overwhelmingly vote in favor of allowing Monty’s lectures to continue without censorship.

Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary

Zora successfully defends the unenrolled students at Wellington; she convinces the faculty to table their vote for the next month, a huge feat at Wellington. After the meeting, Victoria finds Howard. He pulls her aside to speak in private and tells her to forget about their afternoon together. Victoria reminds him of the dinner he agreed to attend with her. She shows him compromising pictures, and Howard worries that he’ll start trouble if he doesn’t play along. That night, everyone in the Belsey household prepares for their own nights out. Zora is also going to a university dinner. Howard is disappointed she didn’t invite him, but Kiki tells him that Zora has been having some trouble with other students insinuating that she gets special treatment for being Howard’s daughter.

Part 3, Chapter 7 Summary

At the dinner, Howard notices Monty at a different table with other students. He starts suspecting that part of Victoria’s attention to him is to rebel against her father. He finds Erskine, already drunk, and they chat about how attractive Victoria is. Erskine’s open desire for Victoria makes Howard want her again. The event starts with a performance by the Glee Club. Howard, a little drunk and easily annoyed by Glee Clubs, can’t control his laughter. The other tables stare at him, and Victoria tells him he’s embarrassing her. Howard leaves the dinner early and falls asleep on the couch.

Kiki returns home from a night comforting a friend whose husband has left her. She tells Howard that they need to talk about what will happen next with them. He distracts her with an imitation of the Glee Club, and she laughs until she cries. Kiki’s tears stem from laughter but take on the edge of her sadness.

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary

Levi goes into Boston on a school day to pay Choo an unexpected visit. He’s been reading a book about Haiti and has imagined what Choo’s life was like back in Haiti. He’s noticed that Choo doesn’t hang out with the other guys outside of their hawking, and Levi wants to help him. Choo tells Levi that he knows he doesn’t live in Roxbury, that a guy in their crew saw Levi in Wellington. Choo worked as a server for a Wellington dinner, where he saw Monty Kipps, who Choo detests for making money off Haitian culture.

Meanwhile, Kiki goes to Monty’s house to pay her own unexpected visit. Kiki has brought him a pie to pay her respects for Carlene’s passing. Monty has her wait while he goes into another room, out of which comes a crying Chantelle, who storms out. Monty tells Kiki that Chantelle wants to continue auditing a class at Wellington even though she’s not enrolled there. Monty doesn’t believe that Chantelle should gain admittance into Wellington just because she’s Black and poor. Instead, he wants people like Chantelle to believe that they can get into institutions like Wellington the same way white people do. Kiki notices that the painting Carlene loved of the goddess Erzulie is gone from the house. Monty has hung it in the Black Studies Department.

Monty and Kiki walk into town together. Kiki asks him more about his anti-affirmative action stance. Kiki believes that Black people need to support one another more against the institutions of racism. Monty points out that liberals tend to think they’re more moral than conservatives, but that Kiki’s ideas can be labeled as much of a fairytale as his religion.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary

In the two weeks since the faculty meeting, Zora has sent Claire 34 emails. Claire prints them all out and calls Erskine in for a meeting. Claire tells Erskine that Zora’s petitions and plans for keeping Carl’s place in Claire’s class are overwhelming her, especially because Claire can’t do anything about the issue if the board ultimately votes against it. He concocts an idea to create a job for Carl that would make him formally eligible for Claire’s class.

Carl is thrilled with his new job as Hip-Hop Archivist for Wellington’s Black Studies department. Carl is passionate about his work, but annoyed that Zora keeps dropping in to say hello. A Haitian protest outside his window distracts him, and he tries to turn Zora way, but he notes how sensitive she is. Zora tells him that she’s gotten more signatures for her petition to keep him in Claire’s class, but with his new job, Carl doesn’t really care much about the class. Carl shows Claire his project analyzing the idea of “crossroads” in hip-hop.

Victoria sends Howard explicit emails, and he agrees to meet her at a hotel. Inside their room, Victoria disrobes but they’re interrupted by a cleaning lady still in the bathroom. Victoria berates the woman for not speaking English clearly. When the woman leaves, Victoria reattempts the seduction, but Howard leaves.

Part 3, Chapter 10 Summary

Howard prepares a lecture on Rembrandt for a gallery event. Levi stops by Howard’s office, even though he should be in school. Levi asks his father for money and admits that he quit his job at the record store.

On his way out, Levi runs into Carl. Levi is in disbelief over Carl’s new job. They’re interrupted by Victoria rushing out of a building. Levi doesn’t recognize her from the funeral and is stunned by her beauty.

Victoria finds Howard in his office. She tearfully berates him for leaving her twice. She knows that he only wanted her body and insists that he doesn’t really know her. She accuses him of being self-absorbed. She tells him to delete all her emails and has dropped out of his class. As Howard leaves campus, he sees that Monty’s lecture has started in the Keller Library. The crowd is enormous, and Howard is upset to see Kiki in the audience.

Howard waits for Kiki to return home and starts an argument with her about Monty. Kiki accuses Howard of not having any real ideas, which is at the true root of his dislike for Monty. Monty may be repulsive, but he is honorable because he truly believes in his cause. Howard asks Kiki what she loved about him. Kiki and Howard have sex. Howard tells Kiki he wants to stay together, but Kiki is uninterested in being with him now that he can’t keep up with her changes.

Part 3, Chapter 11 Summary

Jerome comes home from college for Spring Break. Kiki asks him to check in with Levi; she knows that he’s been hanging out with new friends and selling handbags on the street with them. She appreciates Levi’s newfound political ideas since finding this new group of friends but worries that his new group has consumed him. She also finds it strange that Levi has been so involved with the recent Haitian demonstrations because he’s not Haitian.

Jerome goes into town to look for Levi. He picks up a copy of the Wellington College newspaper, where Zora has published an op-ed about inclusion of Black students. Jerome finds Levi with his friends and Levi introduces him to the group. Levi goes to visit Carl at work. Carl tells him that he’s been hanging out with the gorgeous girl they saw come out of the building. Carl shows Levi the dirty pictures Victoria emails him.

Kiki notices that Levi has been crying. Jerome and Zora drop him off at the Bus Stop on their way to a party. Jerome finds Carl and Victoria having sex in the coat room. Filled with rage, Zora goes to the coat room and grabs Carl by his throat. She drags him out of the house. She accuses him of not reading the op-ed she wrote to help him. She storms away, but Jerome, Carl, and Victoria catch up with her. Zora calls Victoria a slut and Victoria cries. Carl brings up Howard, which sends Victoria into hysterics. Jerome realizes that Howard slept with Victoria. She rushes inside while Carl accuses Zora of being a part of the dishonesty of the university. Carl reveals that Monty has been sleeping with Chantelle. Through tears, Carl says that he regrets getting involved with people who think they’re better than everybody else.

Part 3, Chapter 12 Summary

Kiki wakes Zora up; she’s been called into an urgent meeting with Dean French. When she gets to his office, she sees Monty, Erskine, and Claire. They ask her if she’s seen Carl. The painting of the goddess Erzulie has been stolen from the Black Studies department. Monty accuses Carl of the theft, and Claire defends Carl. Zora confirms that she saw Carl at a party the previous night. Zora tells Monty that if he wants to know about Carl, he should ask his daughter.

Kiki starts her spring cleaning and Jerome wakes up hungover and tries to help her. While cleaning, Kiki finds the painting of Erzulie. She finds Levi and smacks him. Levi admits that he and Choo took the painting but insists that it’s not stealing because they were just reclaiming what Monty stole from the Haitian people. Kiki tells him the painting belonged to Carlene, that she bought it before she married Monty. Jerome notices a white notecard on the back of the painting. Carlene has left a note for Kiki, gifting her the painting.

On their way home from Wellington College, Zora tells Howard about Monty’s affair with Chantelle. She believes this bombshell will help her cause with the unenrolled students, since she can make the point that Monty wants to forbid unenrolled students from accessing the campus to keep his affair with Chantelle, who is an unenrolled student, quiet. Howard delights in this news and encourages Zora to expose Monty at the next faculty meeting. Zora asks Howard if it’s true that he slept with Victoria. Howard admits to it, and Zora feels betrayed. Back at home, Zora immediately searches for her mother.

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary

The narrative flashes forward. Kiki and Howard have finally separated; she’s left the home she inherited from her mother and moved into her own apartment. Howard rushes to get ready for his lecture, which he hopes will get him tenure now that he’s been placed on sabbatical and never finished the book he was supposed to publish. Zora won the battle for the unenrolled students, but Carl never returned to Wellington.

Important people have turned up to Howard’s gallery lecture, including colleagues from Wellington. Kiki is also in the audience. He awkwardly stumbles through the pictures on his Power Point, and smiles at Kiki.

Part 3, Chapters 1-13 Analysis

Part 3 begins with a foreword that claims that time is difficult but is also necessary for deepening character and growing the soul. This foreword captures the internal conflicts of Part 3. Every character in the novel undergoes significant challenges and struggle to deal with time. The characters are plagued by their conceptions of age. Smith uses both older and younger characters to show that with age, a lessening of internal conflict is not imminent. She does this to emphasize the point made in the foreword: No matter how difficult life can be, time is important because it forces people to grow and mature, which is a life-long process.

Howard is the prime example of this battle with time. He is dissatisfied with his present because he is still trying to escape his past. His encounter with his father is illuminating; Howard sees his father as racist, stuck in his social class, and pitiable. Desperate not to become his father, Howard long ago chose a different life. But this choice has not brought Howard peace throughout the decades. Instead, Howard places more pressure on himself to avoid his father’s fate. He often remarks that his own sons must perceive him with the same shame he views his own father. But Howard never appreciates how committed Zora is to him. She follows in his footsteps and embodies the intellectual fervor he models. Yet Howard’s internal perspective doesn’t dwell on her active proximity to him. This demonstrates Claire’s earlier point that Howard is unable to appreciate the people he has in his life. Howard is simultaneously proud of how his children are growing into their independent selves and nervous that they don’t like him.

Howard’s struggle with himself and with time is also evidenced by his inappropriate affair with Victoria. Not only is Victoria the same age as his children, but she is also his student, the daughter of his nemesis (and colleague), and his son’s ex-fiancée. Howard doesn’t question Victoria’s seduction of him. Instead of contemplating what Victoria’s psychological state is in, Howard has sex with her on the day of her mother’s funeral. Victoria comes on to him, but Howard doesn’t say no. Ultimately, Howard doesn’t go through with having sex with Victoria in the hotel room. This demonstrates that Howard does know that sex with Victoria is wrong, but even that understanding goes unarticulated. For such an intelligent man, Howard treats other people brutally. He parallels Victoria to the character Lolita, a young girl who is entrapped into a sexual relationship with an adult man in Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita. Humbert, Lolita’s abuser, believes that Lolita wants and appreciates his sexual attention. Humbert, like Howard, doesn’t consider the confusing development that comes with youth.

Howard’s mistakes are driven by his fear that his life is in its final stage. This attitude is juxtaposed with his wife Kiki, who decides to embrace her next chapter in life with dignity and curiosity. By the end of the novel, Kiki has outgrown Howard. Kiki attends Howard’s potentially career-saving lecture, but this attendance is not a promise for reconciliation. Rather, it is evidence that Kiki is confident enough in herself to support her ex-husband so that she, too, can be free of conflict in her next chapter.

Part 3 confronts issue of free speech and affirmative action. Smith’s novel uses the Kippses and the Belseys to portray the idea that both sides of the conservative and liberal divide are capable of hypocrisy and myopic thinking. Howard wants to censor Monty’s right to free speech. He believes that Monty’s lecture series will be too offensive for the Wellington community, particularly to the LGBTQ students. Notably, Howard doesn’t allow his students the opportunity to make this decision for themselves. Monty points out that Howard has voted to suppress religious freedom on campus, thus highlighting that Howard also has his own blind spots when it comes to issues of inclusion. Both men are vociferous about their own opinions, and both men are capable of hurting certain members of their community. Howard’s stance against Monty is based on a set of morals, which is ironic because Howard doesn’t act with a strong moral code. Kiki accurately points out that Howard simply doesn’t take an interest in ideas that are different than his. This makes Howard potentially more small-minded than Monty. But Monty is also imperfect. Though his opinions about religion and conservatism are genuine, Monty also has an affair with a woman who young and impressionable. Both Monty and Howard abuse their power. Thus, Smith identifies that everyone, be they conservative or liberal, are extremely flawed.

Monty’s stance on affirmative action is shocking to Kiki because Monty is Black. But if Monty’s identity as a Black man is different than Kiki’s identity as a Black woman, then Monty should—by the Belsey’s own ideological logic—be free to express his Blackness as he sees fit, divorced from society’s expectations. Kiki implies that Monty is a traitor to his race. But Monty points out that his argument is valid too. Monty believes in Black people, so he wants to get rid of affirmative action policies to empower Black people. Kiki sees affirmative action as a way of righting institutional racism that has disempowered Black people. Ultimately, Kiki and Monty want the same thing. But their judgements of one another as conservative or liberal prevents them from finding the common ground that could potentially bring real change to the American Black experience. Howard’s societal pressures are different than those of his Black wife and Black children. This difference in experience creates a distance between Howard’s expectations for his family and their individual expectations for themselves. By giving both Monty and Kiki the narrative space to express and explain their opinions, Smith encourages her reader to question the sources of their own ideas and to be open to honest discourse. To Smith, this is beauty.

The question of affirmative action finds a victim in Carl. Carl is passionate about his new job and his ideas about the power of music. Since the inception of Carl’s admittance into Claire’s poetry class, Carl has been a project for the privileged. Claire wants him in her class because she wants to use his authentic street voice to highlight the power of poetry. She doesn’t care that Carl doesn’t feel the need to be part of a classroom to find his voice. Zora works hard to keep Carl in Claire’s class despite his status as an unenrolled student. Zora convinces herself that she’s doing Carl a favor, that she is helping someone less fortunate than she. But Carl accurately accuses her of operating from a superiority complex. Zora is attracted to Carl, which is why she works so hard for him. She wants to be his savior, but she doesn’t get to know Carl well enough to discover that he doesn’t need to be saved. Even his job as Hip-Hop Archivist is a contrivance. Erskine creates the job for Carl to get Claire and Zora off his back. The foundation of Carl’s job is developed from a place of power, superiority, and pity. The way people treat Carl is classist. None of the characters who claim to support Carl come from a genuine place of respect. Rather, they prove that affirmative action can be based on pity.

Smith ends Part 3 on a note of hope. Kiki has found her own path separate from Howard. She puts her foot down and leaves the home she inherited from her mother. Despite her connection to the house, Kiki understands that material assets aren’t as valuable as her freedom. This character development is an allusion to Smith’s inspiration for On Beauty, E.M. Forster’s classic novel Howard’s End. The title of Forster’s novel is a literal house, and characters in his novel symbolize the house as a source of power or of oppression. Ultimately, Forster’s point is that estates are not identities.

Howard also has an opportunity for redemption. He foreshadows his own career comeback and sees Kiki in the audience for his important career-saving lecture. Though this doesn’t necessarily mean that Kiki is ready to reconcile, it demonstrates that Kiki has not forgotten about the love that informed her 30 years of marriage to Howard. Kiki’s attendance is a symbolic confirmation that Howard has the potential to change for the better. The last chapter also focuses on the beauty of Rembrandt’s paintings. Smith describes these paintings through their minute details, highlight the idea that beauty is in the large diversity of small things.

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