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52 pages 1 hour read

Ann Rinaldi

Numbering all the Bones

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2002

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Chapters 5-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary: How I Went to the Prison and Did Mistis a Favor Without Wanting To”

Eulinda travels to the camp along with Moll, Sancho’s wife. Having heard that prisoners who come outside the stockade to bury the dead buy provisions from vendors, Moll brings along a bag of supplies. Eulinda sees a little caravan of buggies parked outside the gates with half-a-dozen well-dressed civilians. They are paying guards to allow them to climb up the parapet and look inside the prison. Mistaking Eulinda for a slave belonging to these socialites, the guards allow her to climb up as well. The guards give crusts of bread to the visitors, which they throw to the prisoners. The powerful stench of the prison, Eulinda discovers, is even worse when looking down on the prison from above. Looking down over the vast sea of prisoners, she describes a scene of desperation:

What seemed like thousands of creatures were penned into acres of muddy ground. Ragged figures that were supposed to be men huddled in little groups about their shebangs. Small fires burned. The men were in tattered clothing, and packed so close you could scarce separate where one began and the other left off (49).

Overhearing the conversation between the guards and the gawkers, Eulinda learns that soldiers from her brother’s unit and a handful of women, including a young bride who just gave birth, are incarcerated in the camp. Wirz, Eulinda hears, would like a local family to take charge of the mother and child to get them out of the prison.

Returning the Pond Bluff, Eulinda finds Hampton and tells him that Neddy is very likely being held prisoner in the camp. As his owner, Hampton has the obligation to claim him. She also tells Hampton about the mother and child. Mistis overhears this, and she responds that taking in the mother and child would be her way of demonstrating her good will simultaneously to southerners and northerners alike.

Chapter 6 Summary: “How We Rescued a Woman and a Baby, and Mr. Hampton Was Right All Along”

A small group from Pond Bluff travels to the prison the next day to seek the release of Neddy along with the new mother and her child. At the prison headquarters, Eulinda, Sancho, and Moll are compelled to wait in the buggy where they are harassed by guards and Moll is robbed of goods that she intended to sell to prisoners. Mistis is allowed to enter to find Janie Hunt, the young mother, and Hampton and Sancho go into the stockade to locate Neddy.

Eulinda describes riding home with Janie, who is 17. Janie carries on a conversation with Moll, who is pregnant. Eulinda can tell from the look on Hampton’s face that he has seen Neddy, though he does not speak about it on the ride home. Janie is surprised to hear that her benefactor, Mistis, is a slave owner. Mistis tells Janie, who is concerned about the Kelloggs as slave owners, that it would be impossible for them to release their slaves in this area and that she is in fact a Secret Yankee.

In Hampton’s study, Eulinda asks him what happened inside the stockade. Hampton tells her that Neddy refused to acknowledge Hampton, that he identified himself by another name, and that he would not leave the prison. Eulinda cannot understand why her brother would not leave the horrors of Andersonville. Hampton warned Eulinda this might be the case. He asks, “I was always good to Neddy, wasn’t I?” (60-61). Eulinda seeks out Sancho, who confirms what Hampton told her. Neddy sent along a request to Eulinda through Sancho: “when the war is over, if’n he doan’ get in touch with you, you’re to go in there and find his bones” (62). He explains to Eulinda that, if Neddy does not survive, he wants her to locate his body, on which she will find the ruby ring.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Mr. Julian Writes, Mr. Hampton Has Another Spell, and I Learn Why He Wept and What It Has to Do With Us”

Eulinda, who confesses on several occasions that she is not the most intuitive person, expresses an awareness that things are not quite right at Pond Bluff. She has a sense that Hampton has lost control not only of his cognitive processes but of the plantation itself. This is confirmed by Moll, who reminds her that a lawyer from Atlanta visited the plantation. Hampton signed papers, ceding ownership of all his property—including his slaves—to Mistis. In that Mistis is regarded as completely untrustworthy, this causes all the enslaved people of the plantation to become quite anxious.

Alone with Hampton in the house when a post rider delivers a letter, Eulinda hears Hampton gasp and fall into a chair. When she rushes to him, her tells her to take his horse and ride for Dr. Head, his physician. As she is riding and reflecting on the situation, she thinks, “I realized how much I loved Mr. Hampton, how much he meant to me” (70). The doctor diagnoses a new problem, perhaps a heart condition. The physical problem was the result of a letter from Hampton’s son Julian, who is in a Union prisoner-of-war camp in Elmira, New York. The possibility of Hampton’s death sets Eulinda and all the slaves on edge.

Roper and Homer, two slaves from Pond Bluff who were building the prison, return to the plantation, describing the resourcefulness of the prisoners. They also say that Wirz has committed at least one summary execution.

Late in April 1864, Janie takes Eulinda aside. Janie tells Eulinda that she is going North and asks if Eulinda would like to accompany her.

Chapter 8 Summary: “How I’m Invited to Go North and Refuse, and End Up Doing Something to Help Janie”

Janie explains all she has observed about Eulinda. She also says her husband, Captain Henry Hunt, is planning a prison escape. Janie tells Eulinda that Mistis is planning to send Janie and the baby North on a blockade running ship carrying a load of contraband cotton. Janie created a counter plan about which Mistis knows nothing. When Janie invites Eulinda to go, Eulinda declines, saying there are things she must do “here, in this part of the country” (77). Janie surprises her by saying, “I know you’re not afraid. You have inner strength and purpose. I can see it in the way you hold yourself, in your eyes” (77).

Eulinda agrees to meet Henry at a designated point and take him to a rendezvous with Janie’s wagon. The plan is carried off just as established. Henry climbs into the wagon at the appointed spot and they continue to Atlanta where they complete their flight to the North. The next day, agents from the prison come to the plantation to ask if the Kelloggs saw Henry. Genuinely surprised, Mistis and Hampton deny any knowledge of Henry and the agents leave.

Primarily to avoid Mistis, Eulinda begins to spend time in the kitchen, learning to cook. Mistis approves since soon Moll would have to take time off to care for her coming baby. This gives Eulinda time to reflect on what she needs to do, since she is unsure of how to become true. She says, “I peeled a lot of potatoes, fried a lot of bacon, and cooked up a whole mess of chickens in the months that followed, and still I didn’t find out” (85).

Chapter 9 Summary: “How the Months Went By, I Became a Cook, and Mr. Lincoln’s ‘Great Measure’ Came to Pond Bluff”

Eulinda spends most of her time in the kitchen, where her acumen increases greatly. Because Hampton misses her, he often comes to the kitchen after breakfast to have tea and visit with Eulinda. Hampton frequently shares news with Eulinda about the war during his visits. She realizes he wants her to share these tidbits with the other slaves.

Mistis tells Eulinda’s that she will have to move to the slave quarters on the plantation in anticipation for Annalee to return. Annalee, Hampton’s white daughter, is returning from school in Atlanta and needs a bedroom and a receiving parlor, Mistis says. Eulinda realizes without doubt that she is a Black person and her previous privileges as the “bright-yellow” daughter of a white plantation owner are gone. Recognizing the end of the war is drawing near, the slaves begin to discuss what they will do once it is over. When Eulinda is asked about her plans, she responds, “Wait for Neddy. Or go to the prison and look for him” (92).

In April 1865, Hampton tells Eulinda to summon the enslaved people and he tells them the war is over and they are free. He encourages them to live properly and says that all those who want to remain at Pond Bluff can work with pay.

Chapters 5-9 Analysis

Eulinda uses all her senses to describe the atrocious scene of the prison. She speaks of smelling the camp before it can be seen, of the horrible sight of wasted men jammed together, of the perpetual humming sound that carried “a note of low rage and helplessness” (49). Beyond the physical sense, Eulinda’s internal revulsion is evident as she hears how many packed into a camp far too small to accommodate them. One of the white women grabs Eulinda and shouts out to the prisoners that Eulinda’s freedom is what they were fighting for, humiliating both the silent men and Eulinda. The attitude of the local gentry toward the Union prisoners is made clear as the well-attired gentlemen and women stare at the prisoners as if they are not human beings. The dispassionate narration of the prison guards to the socialites holds no hint of empathy, as if their duty was no more than herding cattle. Indeed, Eulinda remarks, “On our plantation, animals were treated better” (49).

Neddy’s refusal to leave the prison, even knowing he would likely die, reflects the attitude of many former slaves who volunteered for the Union army: They would rather fight a war of liberation or even die locked up as prisoners of war than live a life of slavery. His message, sent to through Sancho to his sister, though unsatisfying and unreasonable to her, allowed Eulinda to face losing him permanently. By this point in the narrative, she has lost virtually everyone in her family: the man she thought was her father has gone to another plantation, her younger brother sold to other slaveholders, her mother dead, and her brother refusing to escape virtually certain death. The only kin still available to her is her father, whose cognitive abilities are diminishing.

Eulinda continues to wrestle with where her true loyalties lie. Though the other slaves view her as being too weak to resist the entreaties and demands of Mistis, they challenge her continually to “come true” and affirm her identity and responsibility. As Moll warns her, “Child, you ain’t never gonna leave here. You ain’t got the mettle to leave, thas’ why I know you won’t be gone” (46). After realizing she will likely never see her brother again, she concludes her real responsibility, as Moll told her, is to “make myself come true. […] I don’t know how yet. But I’ll find a way. I won’t let what Neddy is doing be for nothing” (63).

When Roper and Homer return to the plantation after finishing work on the prison, Mistis immediately sets them to work building a false floor in the corn crib where she intends to hide expensive silver as well as secret root cellar to hide food in case the Yankees overran the plantation. The irony of Mistis, who wants to take everyone into her confidence so they will trust her, trusts no one. In turn, no one trusts Mistis. The false floor in the corn crib is a foreshadowing of the false floor that is secretly built in the carriage so Janie can help her husband escape Andersonville.

After Eulinda helps Henry and Janie escape, investigators come to Pond Bluff and quiz Mistis and Hampton. As Eulinda says, “Nobody asked the servants about anything” (85). This is sort of interaction—seeking information from white southerners and ignoring enslaved Black people—is historically accurate. Many of the successful spies for the Union were African American slaves. Confederate officials often spoke openly in front of slaves, believing them incapable of understanding or sharing the sort of information they were hearing.

Eulinda’s recognition in Chapter 9 that Hampton is feeding her information to share with the Black residents of Pond Bluff calls attention to several historical realities. Political and military news was deliberately kept from slaves by white individuals during the Civil War—another reason to prevent enslaved Black people from learning to read—to hinder any hopes of freedom or thought of joining the Union war effort. This resulted in there being two streams of information about ongoing events: the official reporting by news services that was furnished to southern white communities and the unofficial word-of-mouth news that was shared among enslaved Black communities and Union sympathizers. Earlier references to Mistis sending Eulinda to the slave quarters to listen for gossip and the Chapter 9’s reference to Hampton feeding information through Eulinda is tacit recognition that both sides recognized they were not getting important news. When the war ends, confusion over true and accurate information only increases.

Hampton’s emancipation speech is like a commencement address. The newly freed Black citizens listen respectfully. Mistis, who accompanies Hampton, stands holding a Bible. The person who is most emotional is Hampton, who weeps as he speaks. Tellingly, as Eulinda describes the scene, she says, “then the master, eyes dimmed with tears, turned and went back to the house. And she did, too” (95). Eulinda here refers to Mistis without mentioning her name, which is a passive diminution of Mistis, indicating Eulinda’s belief that she does not belong in such a monumental scene.

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