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46 pages 1 hour read

Chinua Achebe

No Longer at Ease

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1960

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Chapters 16-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary

Obi thinks how to find money for Clara’s operation. He also must return 50 pounds to Clara. He knows Christopher does not have money so he turns to Sam Okoli. Obi does not want to explain the reason, but Christopher had already told him.

Obi goes to the clinic with Clara. He tells Obi to return in the afternoon. Obi feels he will not see Clara again. Obi sits in his car and watches Clara leaving with the doctor. He immediately changes his mind and wants to stop them, but the doctor’s car has disappeared. He drives around looking for them in vain. He returns to the clinic but sees the doctor returning alone. He tells him he will see Clara tomorrow. Obi goes home and tries to read. He finds his poem about Nigeria again and throws it away.

Obi rushes to the clinic and learns that Clara is at a private hospital due to complications. He goes to the hospital, and the nurse informs him that she is ill.

Chapter 17 Summary

Obi returns to work and Mr. Green asks him how his leave was. He wonders why Africans request a leave since they already have many privileges. He believes that no Nigerian would abandon any of their privileges for the benefit of their country and is sarcastic about their will to self-governance. When Green leaves, Miss Tomlinson agrees and says the Muslim holidays should be stopped. Obi says the Europeans initially created those privileges for themselves and now they blame Nigerians.

Obi asks for a salary advance to return Clara’s 50 pounds. He visited her in the hospital, but Clara would not talk to him, and he left immediately. The administrative assistant informs him he must refund 10 pounds from his leave’s allowance. He concludes that the debt to the Umuofia Union and decision not to accept a four-month grace is the source of his troubles. He decides to stop paying the debt, as they would not take him to court.

A messenger brings a letter to Obi. He had written to Clara recognizing his mistake and asking for another chance. He left the letter at the hospital himself.

Chapter 18 Summary

Clara remains in the hospital for five weeks. Christopher tells Obi through a nurse friend to stop trying to see Clara, as she needs time. Obi cannot repay her because he now has to pay his income tax.

Obi’s mother also dies. He sends as much as he can, but the men of Umuofia Union say she deserved a better funeral. They think Obi spent all his money on sweet city life and forgot his people and his home. They also say that an “osu woman” can bring bad “medicine.” For them, Obi abandoned his family like his father did.

Obi is shocked by his mother’s death. He remains in bed crying and will not go to Umuofia, because her funeral would have already finished. He thinks how lost his father must feel. Joseph and the Umuofia men arrive at Obi’s to mourn with him. They chat and criticize a politician. Then a man tells a folk story about Tortoise, who was gone during his mother’s death. They lied to him about a growing fruit on his father’s palm-tree, making him return for her funeral. Obi wakes up the next morning “with a feeling of guilt” (86). However, he soon feels calm and peaceful.

Chapter 19 Summary

After his guilt subsides, Obi feels “brand-new.” He recalls his mother as “the woman who got things done” (88). When action was needed, his father relied more on Hannah. He remembers a story when his mother killed a sacred Udo goat because it entered her kitchen and had been destroying the crops. The elders were angry with her but soon forgot the matter because she was Christian. Obi no longer feels guilty, because “[h]e, too, had died” (88).

It is the period for giving out scholarships again, and Obi often examines files. A Lagos businessman visits him. He asks him to see that his son gets a scholarship for England and gives him 50 pounds. Obi tells him he does not grant the scholarships himself but only recommends. The man says all he wants is for Obi to recommend his son. Obi asks him why he does not pay for his son’s studies since scholarships are for poor people. He replies that nobody has money and leaves. Obi leaves the money where the man placed it and cannot sleep at night.

Obi goes dancing with one of the scholarship applicants, then sleeps with her. People keep coming to give Obi bribes, but he never recommends a person without the proper educational qualifications. With the money from the bribes, Obi repays his debts. Soon, Obi feels bad and cannot stand it anymore. The police come to his house. They find the money and arrest him.

The narration returns to the events at the beginning of the novel. Everybody—the British Council, even the Umuofia Union, and probably Mr. Green—wonders why Obi did it.

Chapters 16-19 Analysis

The final section explores the last stages of the protagonist’s downfall, illustrating The Crisis of Postcolonial Male Identity. Amid his failing relationship with Clara, Obi’s financial struggle continues and is key in his fall. Obi must borrow money for Clara’s operation and struggles to make ends meet. Though he supposedly has privileges as an educated Black man working in the colonial state, they prove to be both inadequate and artificial. Obi’s principles gradually fade. He fails to act and doesn’t stop Clara from getting an abortion, only to feel regret. He is unable to change the course of his life. His relationship with Clara seems irreparable. The breakdown of his personal life impacts his social and political values. Obi throws away his nostalgic and dreamy poem about Nigeria, which signals the fall of his idealism and his disenchantment with the reality of his country.

Mr. Green’s racism persists, such as when claiming that Nigerians have “too many privileges,” which they are not willing to abandon “in the interests of their country” (81). However, Obi’s life demonstrates that educated Nigerian men don’t really enjoy social privileges, and that everybody operates within a dysfunctional colonial system. Responding to his boss, Obi states:

You devised these soft conditions for yourselves when every European was automatically in the senior service and every African automatically in the junior service. Now that a few of us have been admitted into the senior service, you turn round and blame us (81).

Despite his demise, Obi experiences epiphanies and understanding. He recognizes that his pride, individualism, and refusal to accept the help of the Umuofia Union made things worse for him. He wonders: “Why had he not swallowed his pride and accepted the four months’ exemption which he had been allowed, albeit with a bad grace?” (82).

The final section explores Corruption in the Nigerian Colonial State. Economic inequality defines the final stage of Obi’s journey. Obi gradually falls into depression. His mother’s death adds an additional emotional and economic burden. He cannot afford a proper funeral for her and a trip home. Obi triggers resentment from the community, who expected more from an educated man with a Western job. However, the Igbo men remain faithful to their communal values and visit him at a time of mourning. Obi “was touched most deeply that so many of his people had come, in spite of everything, to condole with him” (86).

Ultimately, Obi’s sense of guilt and pain begin to subside. His apathy is associated with inner death, the death of his idealistic self. He thinks of old stories about his parents and their conflicts with the Igbo community and realizes that he is also “dead”: “He no longer felt guilt. He, too, had died. Beyond death there are no ideals and no humbug, only reality” (88). Through him, the novel explores The Crisis of Postcolonial Male Identity; Obi’s ideals have collapsed and he now confronts the reality of his country unprepared.

Obi has not yet solidified an identity that can help him navigate a postcolonial space. He realizes that his ideology about fighting corruption through Western education was an illusion and is helpless in the face of his financial struggle. Trying to resist until the end, Obi ultimately accepts a bribe to recommend certain people for scholarships. He even sleeps with a young woman who asks him to help her, totally abandoning his values. His consciousness makes him feel “paralyzed” (90).

The circular narrative comes to end, returning to his trial. The story leaves the issue of Nigeria’s path to independence in the 1960s open-ended. In this way, Achebe suggests that the struggle to negotiate national and cultural issues in a post-colonial space is continual.

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