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61 pages 2 hours read

Charles Dickens

Nicholas Nickleby

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1839

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Chapters 28-41Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 28 Summary

Sir Mulberry Hawk is determined to possess Kate because he is a “calculating man of dissipation, whose joys, regrets, pains, and pleasures, are all of self” (555). Mrs. Nickleby writes a letter to Kate, encouraging her to accept Sir Mulberry’s courtship. Mrs. Wititterly is impressed that Kate is connected to Sir Mulberry Hawk and Lord Verisopht. They call on Mrs. Wititterly and Kate, along with Mr. Pluck and Mr. Pyke. Mrs. Wititterly grows jealous of the attention the men pay to Kate. When they leave, Mrs. Wititterly lectures Kate for supposedly acting indecently. Kate adamantly defends herself, which sends Mrs. Wititterly into “hysterics.” While Mrs. Wititterly is being seen by a doctor, Kate goes to Ralph for help. She confronts him about his friends, and he insists they’re only business partners. She begs him to use his influence to make them leave her alone, but Ralph says there’s nothing he can do. He advises her to be patient because eventually men like Sir Mulberry find someone else to pursue. Kate leaves indignant, and Ralph is confused by his feelings of resentment toward Sir Mulberry and compassion for his niece.

Chapter 29 Summary

Nicholas sends money to John Browdie to repay the loan he gave Nicholas when the latter was fleeing Yorkshire. He also sends money to Newman Noggs to pass on to Kate. Nicholas receives a note from a Mr. Lenville addressed to Mr. Johnson, Nicholas’s assumed name. Mr. Lenville is an actor in the troupe whose acclaim has been overshadowed by Nicholas’s arrival, and he wants to set a time to pull Nicholas by the nose. Nicholas shows up to the duel, and the entire troupe watches as Nicholas punches Mr. Lenville to the floor. Mr. Lenville gives up, and Nicholas is celebrated. That night, Nicholas receives a letter from Newman Noggs suggesting that Kate needs his help. Nicholas quits the theater troupe to return to London.

Chapter 30 Summary

The troupe throws a goodbye party for Nicholas as he prepares to leave for London. Nicholas receives another note from Noggs to return to London by that night, if possible. Consequently, Nicholas is unable to make his final performance, but he is grateful for the short time he spent with the theater troupe.

Chapter 31 Summary

Ralph sends Newman off with a package. Newman looks for the Nickleby women but can’t find them. He tells Miss La Creevy the circumstances surrounding Kate, Sir Mulberry, and Ralph and explains that Nicholas will be arriving to help save his sister. Fearing that Nicholas might do something rash if he learns the truth at once, Newman and Miss La Creevy make plans to avoid Nicholas until late at night; this will force Nicholas to “cool” until the morning after the revelation.

Chapter 32 Summary

Nicholas returns to London, but Newman is not at home. He goes directly to Miss La Creevy, but she obfuscates about where his mother and sister might be. Nicholas has no choice but to wait. He stops at a nice restaurant, where he overhears Sir Mulberry Hawk bragging about Kate Nickleby. Nicholas confronts him. Sir Mulberry is drunk and mocks Nicholas’s bravado. Nicholas waits until Sir Mulberry starts his walk home and follows him. Annoyed by Nicholas’s attempts to detain him and refusing to “answer” for his conduct, Sir Mulberry strikes Nicholas with his coach whip. This sparks a physical altercation, and when Sir Mulberry manages to get away in his carriage, Nicholas flees the scene.

Chapter 33 Summary

Nicholas meets Newman Noggs and explains what has happened; he asks Newman to relay the information to Miss La Creevy and Mrs. Nickleby, the latter of whom (along with Kate) will need to find new lodgings. Nicholas finds his sister at Mrs. Wititterly’s house, where she cries, and he promises that they’ll escape. Together, they go to rejoin their mother, whom Miss La Creevy is trying to convince to leave Ralph’s house, explaining that Sir Mulberry Hawk will ruin Kate and her reputation. Mrs. Nickleby is shocked, but Nicholas impresses the urgency of the situation on her. He blames Ralph for the shame that has come upon his family. Neither he nor Newman has heard if Sir Mulberry recovered from the fight the previous night. Nicholas sends a note with Newman to deliver to Ralph, cutting ties with him on behalf of the family.

Chapter 34 Summary

Mr. and Madame Mantalini go to Ralph for business help and a loan. Mr. Mantalini reveals that Mr. Pyke told him the identity of the person who fought Sir Mulberry Hawk: Ralph’s nephew, Nicholas. Sir Mulberry isn’t dead, but he is badly injured. After the Mantalinis leave, Mr. Squeers arrives to meet with Ralph. Mr. Squeers explains that he paid a doctor to attend his injuries after Nicholas beat him by getting five boys sick with scarlet fever and billing their parents. Ralph gives him a little money, but what Mr. Squeers really wants is Smike. Though he doesn’t care about Smike, townspeople have been asking a lot of questions about him and it would be better for Mr. Squeers’s reputation if Smike returned to the school.

Chapter 35 Summary

Nicholas helps move his mother and sister into Miss La Creevy’s apartment. He decides to introduce Smike to the family and is only worried about what his mother will think of Smike. However, everyone is kind to Smike, though Mrs. Nickleby is also wary of him.

While outside the register office to look for a new job, Nicholas happens to meet an older gentleman named Mr. Cheeryble, who is moved by Nicholas’s manners and story. Mr. Cheeryble hires Nicholas as a counter in the business Mr. Cheeryble owns with his brother. Mr. Cheeryble also rents a cottage to Nicholas’s family. The family is pleased with their new quarters; Smike makes a beautiful garden, and Kate busies herself around the house.

Chapter 36 Summary

The Kenwigs welcome a new baby; this addition makes six children total. Nicholas visits the Kenwigs to deliver the news that Harriet Petowker and Mrs. Kenwigs’s uncle, Mr. Lillyvick, are married. The Kenwigs take this news very hard because they were counting on inheriting Mr. Lillyvick’s money.

Chapter 37 Summary

Nicholas enjoys his new job; everybody who works at or around the business seems genuinely happy and peaceful. Tim Linkinwater, a beloved and long-term employee, helps teach Nicholas how to do the job, and he is impressed with Nicholas’s faculties. As it is Tim’s birthday, the Cheeryble brothers, Charles and Ned, host a party for him after work, inviting the other employees and Tim’s family. When Nicholas arrives home that night, Mrs. Nickleby tells her son about their new neighbor, whom she believes is interested in her. Mrs. Nickleby says she wouldn’t consider marrying again before Kate, but privately she wonders if she could be happy in another marriage.

Chapter 38 Summary

Kate is particularly happy at the new cottage. Miss La Creevy visits her and expresses concerns about Smike, who seems run down by life.

Sir Mulberry Hawk is bedridden due to his injuries, and Mr. Pyke and Mr. Pluck keep him company. Ralph Nickleby also calls on Sir Mulberry. He apologizes that a relative of his exacted this “punishment,” the wording of which angers Sir Mulberry further. Ralph tells Sir Mulberry he won’t blame him if he hurts Nicholas. Lord Verisopht arrives and is angry to hear Sir Mulberry speak so badly about Nicholas. Lord Verisopht blames what happened on Sir Mulberry, as he refused to speak to Nicholas. Lord Verisopht confronts Sir Mulberry about his behavior and storms off.

Meanwhile, Smike strolls peacefully around the city. Mr. Squeers finds him on the street and pulls him into his carriage, where he beats him up.

Chapter 39 Summary

Fanny Squeers, her friend Tilda, and Tilda’s husband (John) arrive in London. John finds it hilarious that Mr. Squeers kidnapped Smike. He sneaks into Smike’s room and frees him, gleeful that he can pull one over on Squeers. Smike safely escapes the boarding house.

Chapter 40 Summary

Smike finds his way back to Newman Noggs, who offers to put him up for the night. Newman tells Smike that Nicholas and Kate are concerned about Smike, which pleases Smike. Smike wants to reunite with Nicholas and his family, so Newman accompanies him to their home.

At work, Tim tells Nicholas a sad story about a young boy with a curved spine and no familial support; the boy tends flowers that Tim can see from his bedroom window, and Tim believes that he will soon die. Later, Nicholas delivers a message to Charles Cheeryble’s office and is shocked to see a beautiful young woman—the same he had seen long ago in the register office—pleading at Mr. Cheeryble’s feet. Charles Cheeryble begs her to get up, and she nearly faints. The Cheeryble brother and Tim attend to her, but Nicholas remains very concerned; he asks Tim about her later, and Tim says she has already gone home.

Nicholas hopes for the mysterious woman’s return, and as the days go by and she doesn’t reappear, his longing for her develops into love. Nicholas tells Newman Noggs about the mysterious young woman, and Newman agrees to help Nicholas figure out who she is. Newman discovers that her name is Cecilia Bobster. Newman arranges a meeting between Cecilia and Nicholas. They call on Cecilia at her home, and Nicholas discovers that Newman has found the wrong woman.

Chapter 41 Summary

Mrs. Nickleby feels lighter-hearted because of the prospect of romance with the man next door. Nevertheless, she and Kate are shocked when their elderly neighbor actually visits them, babbling about princesses and wealth. The keeper of the next-door garden arrives to lead him away and apologizes to the Nickleby women, explaining that the man has a mental illness. Flattered by the man’s attention, Mrs. Nickleby insists that he cannot possibly have a mental health condition.

Chapters 28-41 Analysis

In Chapters 28-41, reversals of fortune shift the Nickleby family dynamic. In Chapter 34, for example, Ralph faces the consequences of his own actions in the form of the fight between Nicholas and Sir Mulberry. Ralph brought people like Mr. Squeers and Sir Mulberry into the lives of Kate and Ralph, and now Ralph has to deal with the blowback. Though Ralph does not seem especially upset by the event—he is only sorry Nicholas wasn’t hurt or killed—the tendency of Ralph’s actions to produce unintended consequences hints that Justice Will Prevail. In the meantime, Ralph continues to nurse his resentment of Nicholas, echoing Ralph’s prior stance toward his brother, Nicholas’s father. As a man who has developed a lump sum of money into a wealthy enterprise, Ralph has little patience for men who don’t do the same. Nicholas junior is, in Ralph’s eyes, an extension of the mistakes Ralph’s brother made. Ralph refuses to see that Nicholas, despite his hardships, works hard and uses his intelligence in the hopes of future success. These are qualities Ralph could respect if he gave Nicholas the benefit of the doubt and sought to understand his point of view.

Just as Ralph’s scheming and pettiness tend to blow up in his face, Nicholas’s goodness yields rewards. Random acts of kindness help Nicholas make a new life for himself, for Smike, and for his family. These kindnesses began with Mr. Crummles, who offered Nicholas his job in the theater troupe without auditioning him. This good luck continues when Nicholas meets Mr. Cheeryble, who offers him a stable and lucrative job on the spot. These generous acts highlight two important messages. The first is that it is possible for people in positions of power to show kindness and compassion to others and even to transform their lives for the better. The second lesson is that goodness builds on itself. Nicholas receives goodwill and generosity from strangers because he himself is kind, honest, and hard-working.

Nicholas’s good fortune carries over to his family, including Smike, and Nicholas’s companionship gives Smike hope and strength. For the first time in his life, Smike has the space to learn who he is, free from physical and emotional abuse. However, he suffers another blow when Mr. Squeers kidnaps him. Smike is saved in a plot twist, but his hardships illustrate the limits of the justice the novel provides. Backed by powerful institutions, corrupt people like Mr. Squeers will find any and every opportunity to re-establish their supremacy over other people.

The reversal in the Nickleby family luck coincides with a change in setting: The new cottage provides a respite from the chaos and darkness of city life. Kate in particular has a major character turn in this new environment. She is happier and safer, pleased to be away from the abuse of women in a city run by men. In her own household, Kate has autonomy.

The new, more secure home also provides the central protagonists with the emotional space to fall in love. Mrs. Nickleby, satisfied that her family is safe and together, can finally think about what she wants next in her life as a widow—remarriage being one of the best options available to her, given women’s standing in society. Now that Nicholas can carry out his financial duties to his family, he too begins to consider marriage. Nicholas’s ability to fall in love at first sight is characteristic of Victorian sentimentality, but it also indicates his openness to the beauty inherent in life. He can sense when people are “good” or “bad,” which helps him navigate the complex world around him.

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