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51 pages 1 hour read

Jesmyn Ward

Men We Reaped

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Summary: “We Are Born”

Chapter 3 launches with Ward’s birth on April 1, 1977, in Oakland, California. Ward details her premature birth six months into the pregnancy and the two months she spent in the hospital as she recovered from complications, including blood tumors and a growth in her abdomen. She still bears scars from this time. The doctors warned Ward’s 18-year-old mother of “severe developmental problems,” although “they were surprised that my lungs worked well, that I fought to breathe. She has a strong heart, they said” (43). Ward’s father reiterates that he never lost confidence in Ward’s ability to survive and thrive.

During the first three years of Ward’s life, her father tames himself from his unconventional, free-spirited ways. However, he struggles to remain faithful, as “remaining faithful to my mother required a kind of moral discipline he’d never developed, since it was constantly undermined by his natural gifts: his charm, his sense of humor, his uncommon beauty” (46). Meanwhile, Ward’s mother attends community college and works toward becoming a preschool teacher. Ward’s father soon becomes homesick for Mississippi and, despite her mother’s reluctance to return, the family moves back in 1980, when the author is three and her mother is pregnant with their second child, Ward’s brother Joshua.

Born soon after the family’s return to DeLisle, Joshua arrives after a difficult delivery in which doctors had to turn him in the womb three times. As his mother describes, “he was born looking at a sky he could not yet see: sunny-side up, the doctor called it” (49). The family moves often. As the children grow older, their father is particularly strict with Joshua; his “patience [is] thin,” leaving “no room for error in disciplining” Joshua because he is “a boy” (52). While maintaining his strict discipline over Josh and raising his pit bulls to fight, their father also demonstrates an infectious playfulness. Eventually, their sister Nerissa is born after another difficult delivery, which results in their mother becoming more withdrawn and their parents’ relationship more tense.

Ward recalls moments in childhood where “the world outside our house taught me and my brother different lessons about violence” (56). Her father raises pit bulls for fighting and slices the tail of his newest dog in preparation. Joshua slices part of his tongue in a moped accident with his uncle. At five years old, Ward survives an attack by her father’s new pit bull who nearly tears off her left ear. Her father calls together the neighborhood men to hunt down the dog and kill it. The tension continues to grow between their parents as a result of her father’s infidelity, which results in his first of many children born out of wedlock and her mother’s realization that her own story would soon be Ward’s. The chapter ends with Ward hearing “the sound of glass shattering, of wood splintering, of things breaking” as her family inches toward total disintegration (61).

Chapter 3 Analysis

Ward positions herself as a survivor from birth as she details the harrowing circumstances of her delivery. Her father’s remarks on his confidence in her strength from birth characterizes Ward as a strong, capable carrier of the devastating stories she shares throughout her memoir. As she does later in her life, her parents return to Mississippi despite the freedom they experience in California. Like Ward, her father bears a deep homesickness.

Violence becomes an active force in Ward and Josh’s life. Even during playtime, they learn “that violence could be sudden, unpredictable, and severe” (56). Josh especially undergoes the strict conditioning of his father, who attempts to prepare Josh for the realities of life as a young Black man. Their father trains Josh in the same manner as the dog he mutilates, with the intention that “like my brother, my father’s dog required a hard hand if he would be his toughest” (53). Ward serves as a witness to her father’s hardened masculinity, which he imparts to Josh consistently. Ward finds herself a victim of this trained brutality when one of her father’s pit bulls attacks her in a demonstration of the dog’s proficient ability to kill.

Her family falls into the patterns of dissolution that plague earlier generations as her parents’ relationship intensifies. Ward observes the strained relationship between her parents and reflects on the inescapable forces that begin to shape their identities. Ward introduces the emotional impact of this pressure on herself and her siblings, which they carry with them into adulthood.

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