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49 pages 1 hour read

James L. Swanson

Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer

Nonfiction | Biography | Adult | Published in 2006

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Chapters 6-7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary: “That Vile Rabble of Human Bloodhounds”

Booth asks Jones to bring him newspapers so he can see the public’s response to the assassination. Jones agrees to do so and leaves. He begins his preparations for Booth’s escape. Because of all the Union cavalrymen, Jones makes a show of following his usual routine to avoid suspicion while sending his Black manservant out in a secret boat to start making fishing trips from Pope’s Creek to Dent’s Meadow. If the servant is seen there regularly, no one will notice when in a few days they land the boat at Dent’s Meadow to ferry Booth over the river into Virginia.

On Easter Sunday, Atzerodt arrives at Hezekiah Metz’s house in Montgomery County, Maryland. He mentions that if Grant was killed, it would have been by someone following him onto a train (revealing he knows details of the assassination plots). That afternoon, he goes to his cousin Hartman Richter’s house nearby. Dr. Samuel Mudd is worried that he will be linked to the conspiracy because he had frequently been seen in public with Booth previously. To throw off suspicion, he tells his cousin, George Mudd, a Union sympathizer, to pass on to the cavalrymen in Bryantown that two strangers had arrived at his farm on Friday night. Stanton and the investigation are still unaware of Booth’s whereabouts.

That day, Jones returns to Booth and Herold with food and newspapers. They hear a cavalry search party pass on the road nearby but are not found. That same day, George Mudd reports to Lieutenant Dana about the strangers at his cousin’s farmhouse Friday evening, but Dana does not follow up on the lead.

On April 17, Jones brings food and newspapers for Booth and Herold. He tells them to kill the horses because he cannot bring feed for them, which Herold does. That evening, authorities return to the Surratt boardinghouse in Washington, where they arrest Mary Surratt. As they are preparing transport, Powell wanders in claiming to be a laborer summoned to do work there. Mary Surratt denies knowing him. “Caught in a lie” (192), Powell surrenders and is arrested. A few hours later, he is identified as Seward’s assassin by the manservant and Gus Seward. Mary Surratt refuses to give up information under questioning and is held in custody. That same day, many of Booth’s other collaborators, associates, and coconspirators are arrested, including Samuel Arnold and Edman Spangler. The assassination attempt is a media sensation, prompting sales of photographs of Booth, mementos, and even a song.

On April 18, Jones returns to see the fugitives, who are in rough shape. Booth is upset that his letter was not published as he directed. Jones goes to Port Tobacco, Maryland, to learn more about the search. Meanwhile, Lieutenant Lovett goes to Dr. Mudd’s farm to learn more about the strangers who had arrived Friday night. While Lovett’s team questions Mrs. Mudd, Army detective Captain Williams offers Jones $100,000 for any information about Booth’s whereabouts, but Jones refuses. At the farmhouse, Dr. Mudd denies recognizing the strangers as Booth and his accomplice, but Lovett suspects he is lying.

Lincoln’s funeral procession is held in Washington on April 19. That same day, in Philadelphia, Booth’s sister Asia’s home is raided by authorities. Her husband, John Sleeper Clarke, had found Booth’s manifesto and given it to the US marshal in Philadelphia. Clarke is arrested.

On April 20, Atzerodt is arrested at his cousin’s house in Maryland. A guest had reported his comment about Grant to the authorities. Under questioning, Atzerodt confesses everything he knows. That same day, Stanton puts a notice in the paper offering substantial rewards for information that leads to the arrest of the assassins and their suspected coconspirator, John Surratt.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Hunted Like a Dog”

On April 20, Thomas Jones goes to a store in the village of Allen’s Fresh where he overhears a scout, John Walton, announce that Booth has been spotted in Mary’s County. The cavalry stationed there leave to chase down the lead. Jones decides that, with the cavalry searching elsewhere, that evening will be ideal for Booth and Herold to make their escape. That evening, he takes the pair to his farm, gives them some food, and then leads them to the boat his servant has left at Dent’s Meadow. He tells them to go to Mrs. Quesenberry near Machodoc Creek. They take off, and they never see Jones again.

On April 21, Colonel H. H. Wells sends Lieutenant Lovett to bring Dr. Sam Mudd in for questioning. Mudd gives inconsistent stories about the two men at his farmhouse. During a search, the authorities find a boot with Booth’s name on a label, which had been cut off his leg when Dr. Mudd treated the break. Dr. Mudd confesses to Lovett that he knew Booth, but he insists to Colonel Wells under questioning that he did not recognize Booth when he arrived at his farmhouse, despite Booth having his initials, JWB, tattooed on his hand. After signing his written statement, Mudd returns home.

Shortly after assisting Booth and Herold in their escape, Union troops arrest Jones. Captain Cox is also arrested after the man who guided the fugitives to his house, Oswell Swann, informs on him. The two confess nothing under repeated interrogations. Eventually, Jones is released. Cox’s servant, Mary, disputes Swann’s witness testimony, and Cox is also eventually released.

For many years, Jones’s part in the story went unknown until journalist George Alfred Townsend got a tip from a former defense attorney for some of Booth’s coconspirators about Jones’s role in the plot. In 1883, Townsend met Jones in Baltimore to hear the entire tale. A few years later, as a publicity stunt, Jones met with the Union Captain who tried to get Jones to give up Booth and Herold in a tavern. In 1894, Jones went to the museum of the Lincoln assassination run by Osborn H. Oldroyd in the former Petersen boardinghouse. He died that same year and Southern newspaper obituaries celebrated him as a “hero” (245).

In the early hours of April 21, Herold and Booth realize they are rowing north, not south, on the Potomac. They land at the mouth of Nanjemoy Creek near Indiantown, Maryland. They go to a nearby farm run by Peregrine David and John J. Hughes, known associates of Herold and Confederate sympathizers. Hughes gives them food but tells them they cannot shelter there until nightfall because there are too many Union troops around looking for them. Despite the dangers, for unknown reasons they remain hidden near the boat on the evening of April 21 and do not set off then.

While Herold and Booth rest, authorities use Mudd’s information and sightings of the fugitives to determine that they are trying to cross the Potomac for Virginia. They increase patrols of the river. General Augur sends a message to Commander Parker of the Navy “request[ing] your most vigilant co-operation by a rigid and active blockade of all the Potomac” (254).

Chapters 6-7 Analysis

Although Swanson relies on a wealth of sources to construct his crime-thriller-like narrative for this text, there are places where even his sources are silent. An example that highlights how Manhunt: The Twelve-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer is nonfiction history rather than historical fiction is in the discussion of Booth and Herold’s decision to wait an entire day in Indiantown before they head to Virginia. There is no documentation to explain this discrepancy. Acknowledging this, Swanson instead uses informed speculation to give several possible reasons for this decision:

Was David Herold too tired and were his muscles too weak for consecutive nights of heavy rowing? Did Booth fear federal gunboats in the vicinity? Were they exploring another option […]? Or were they just too dejected after their failed crossing on the previous night? (252).

The discipline of history is not simply a matter of laying out facts; it also includes interpreting and assessing them. As Swanson shows here, there are sometimes multiple ways to understand a single event, particular in the absence of substantial evidence.

A key theme of Chapter 6 is The Evolving Popular Reception of the Assassination. John Wilkes Booth was a major star from a family that was well-known from the theater, an important popular entertainment prior to the invention of television or movies. Swanson characterizes the Booths as “the Barrymores of their day” (10). When it became widely known that John Wilkes Booth was President Lincoln’s assassin, it created a huge media sensation. Entrepreneurial printers, painters, and entertainers quickly capitalized on the events to create souvenirs of the assassination and the manhunt. One of the many photographs included throughout the book shows a carte-de-visite [sic], a photograph the size of a business card, depicting Booth fleeing while Lincoln’s ghost haunts him. While this kind of crass publicity might seem odd to contemporary readers, it was typical of the time and could be considered as roughly analogous to internet memes today. Booth’s stardom also explains his shock when he read the papers on April 18 and learned that the public did not support him for his actions. Instead, they “reviled him for his loathsome act” and wrote in support of Abraham Lincoln (205). As someone accustomed to the public’s adoration, he would have been dismayed to learn they had turned against him. This highlights The Role of Coincidence and Individual Agency in Historical Events: Despite having individual agency, Booth could not control how those events were received and interpreted by the public.

The Evolving Popular Reception of the Assassination continued throughout the 19th century. As Swanson shows, Confederate spy and riverman Thomas Jones used the public interest in the assassin’s attempted escape to write a memoir, take part in publicity stunts, and even become a dealer in assassination memorabilia. The Petersen boardinghouse, where Lincoln died, became a strange little museum about the events run by “Washington eccentric” Osborn H. Oldroyd (244). Today, the Petersen boardinghouse is a museum owned and operated by the National Park service as part of the Ford’s Theatre Museum. By including these details, Swanson demonstrates how the public remained morbidly interested in the Lincoln assassination long after the events took place.

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