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50 pages 1 hour read

Toni Morrison

Love: A Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Benefactor”

Heed thinks about her arthritis and how it has destroyed her hands and made caring for herself difficult. She realizes that bathing herself has become dangerous because of her disease and hopes that Junior will help her. She believes that Junior is a thief and up to no good but thinks that she is smarter than Junior and can see through her schemes. She knows that Junior is in a relationship with Romen but is pleased because she believes that he will help keep Junior around for longer.

Heed reminisces about her wedding to Cosey, whom she calls “Papa.” She believed that May and Christine objected to her wedding because she was poor. Her family was not allowed to attend the wedding, except for two of her sisters, Solitude and Righteous Morning. After the wedding, Papa took her to the beach and into the ocean where he caressed her. The ocean also holds memories of Christine and their early days of friendship. The two met on the beach for the first time as small girls and Christine offered Heed ice cream with peaches in it. May found them and tried to send Heed away, but Christine called after her and brought her into the kitchen.

Heed believes that it is jealousy that led Christine to contest the will, and she knows that Christine has hired an attorney to take her side. The will is contested because it is not a formal document but some scribbles on an old menu. It leaves various small bequests to friends and members of the community and the bulk of the estate to “my sweet Cosey child” (78). Heed plots to find old menus in the attic of the hotel and get Junior to write a new will for her. She knows that if she produces a later and more complete will, then she can triumph over Christine.

As Christine travels into town to meet with her attorney, she thinks about her former lover, Dr. Rio, and how she destroyed his car the day he left her. Despite growing up hearing that “kept women” were doomed to lives of misery, she greatly enjoyed being his mistress and was very happy with him. When he broke up with her, leaving her only a bottle of White Shoulders and a potted plant, she took her fury out on his new car. Afterward, she stayed briefly in a brothel until she met and married Ernie Holder. Eventually, she decided to come back home to Heed and May. Heed was not happy, but “[w]ith very few words they came to an agreement of sorts because May was hopeless, the place filthy, Heed’s arthritis was disabling her hands, and because nobody in town could stand them” (85). Christine has remained ever since as a kind of housekeeper for Heed.

When Christine arrives at the office of her attorney, Gwendolyn East, she is not welcome since she has come without an appointment. East tells her that she does not think Christine has much of case, and Christine fires her and curses at her. This anger solidifies her determination to take back what belongs to her. She thinks about her mother’s thankless, lonely life at the hotel. Christine realizes that she needs to take agency over her life: “She had always thought of herself as fierce, active, but unlike May, she’d been simply an engine adjusting to whatever gear the driver chose. No more” (99). She is determined to take control of the will and her destiny.

L. closes the chapter by musing on her relationship with Cosey. She met him when he was married to his first wife, Julia, and came to stay at the hotel after Julia died. Cosey and his son, Billy Boy, needed someone to help care for them, and though at 14 L. was only two years older than Billy Boy, it “was the most natural thing in the world for [L.] to stay on and look after the two of them” (99). Cosey spoiled his son and she believed that it was to spite his own father’s legacy of neglect and anger. She remembers May coming to the hotel and thinks that Billy Boy chose her because he knew that she would be a quiet wife who worked hard to serve the men in the family. Their relationship was a stark contrast to Cosey’s relationship with his lover, Celestial. She was a “sporting woman” and never married, but the two of them share a passionate bond: “When Mr. Cosey changed—well, limited—her caseload, neither could break the spell. And the grave didn’t change a thing” (107). Though their relationship was passionate, Cosey never married her. 

Chapter 5 Summary: “Lover”

Vida and Sandler realize that Romen must be dating a girl because his behavior has changed—he seems calmer and more confident. Sandler thinks that it is a good thing that Romen is seeing someone and hopes that he doesn’t wind up the kind of man who is hung up on his first girlfriend. This reminds Sandler of Cosey, who told Sandler that there was only one woman he ever cared for: Celestial. His first wife, Julia, hated sex and knew about his appetites for other women. Sandler noticed that, despite Cosey’s avowed love for Celestial, he still slept with every woman he possibly could. Despite the differences in their social status, Sandler liked fishing with Cosey and enjoyed their friendship—as long as it was just the two of them. He avoided joining Cosey on his “fishing trips” with local officials, where women and booze are also present. He believes these trips were hypocritical and that everyone pretended to have equality on board, though as soon as they left the boat, racial and class hierarchies were reinstated. In the present, he and Vida realize that the girl whom Romen is seeing must be Junior, and Vida is horrified.

Romen is thrilled to be seeing Junior and thinks that this relationship has changed him for the better. All of his shame from the encounter with the girl at the party and the boys from school has evaporated. He sees himself as superior to Theo and his friends because he is having sex with an older woman who is a willing participant. His former friends and all the girls at school respond positively to the change in him and the newfound confidence. He is uninterested in their overtures, however, having eyes only for Junior.

Junior waits in a car outside Romen’s school, hoping to pick him up for sex and burgers. She is happy with her current circumstances and thinks about the past that led her here. She was about to graduate from reform school when the administrator tried to force her to give him oral sex during her exit interview. He toppled off the balcony during their encounter and Junior was accused of attempted murder. Junior insisted that she didn’t try to kill him, but the school wanted to hush up the incident and sent her to a correctional facility. During her three years at the correctional facility, Junior learned to take advantage of any luck that she had. She considers her current situation to be proof of this, especially Cosey’s ghostly presence in the house. She calls him her Good Man and believes that “he liked to see her win” (117). She thinks that he is the man for whom she has been waiting her whole life and that he is romantically and sexually attracted to her.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Husband”

Using her reform school training, Junior washes and styles Heed’s hair. She imagines Cosey’s ghost watching over her, pleased to see her pampering his wife. While Junior tends to her, Heed remembers her past as a wife. When Christine returned home for her high school graduation and birthday party, Heed felt uncomfortable and scorned by both her former friend and by May. She accidentally used the wrong glass and they laughed at her, causing her to have tantrum and fling the glass. Cosey publicly spanked her and she fled in humiliation. Later, she set Christine’s bed on fire and L. put it out.

She remembers the tension before Christine left for school. When Heed went on her honeymoon, Cosey took her shopping and she was proud of all of her purchases, especially the fine clothing. A woman at the department store told her, “[y]ou look like a dream (127). When she returned home, Christine and May laughed at her. She realized that her choices of clothing were incorrect and revealed her lower social class. She attempted to make amends by offering to let Christine try on her engagement ring. May and even L. greeted this offer with horror, further shaming Heed since she was too young to understand why this was offensive. The rift between the two girls widened further. In the present, she solidifies her hatred for Christine and determines to cut her out of the will officially. She tells Junior that she has important documents that she needs to get from the hotel and that she will need a fountain pen.

Later, Junior talks to Christine and attempt to flatter her by telling her how beautiful she was in Heed’s wedding photos. She asks Christine how Heed and Christine are related. Christine tells her that they were friends but that Heed married Christine’s grandfather when she was 11 and Christine was 12. They are only eight months apart in age.

L. thinks about May and her role in the family saga. Billy Boy married her because he believed that she would be an obedient wife, and she fulfilled that role by working constantly and toiling over the hotel’s upkeep. L. says that May feared death and decay but especially feared the family degenerating and falling into poverty. To her, Heed was the enemy and the ultimate symbol of all of the things that she hated. Publicly, Cosey told everyone that he married Heed because he wanted more children and that he knew she would be a good mother. L. does not believe this and thinks he did so because Heed is the kind of woman his father, Dark, would have hated. He identified Heed with a little girl from a story of his childhood. A crowd gathered to watch a man be arrested and the girl slipped in the horse manure, so everyone laughed at her. L. believes that his marriage to her was a kind of penance for that past behavior. L. can see the good in Heed. She knows that Heed cared for May during her final illness and old age. She was the only one who was left to do so until Christine returned, and she did it despite years of hatred between them. L. recognizes these positive qualities in Heed and defended her from Cosey’s violence, telling him that if he ever hit Heed again, she would leave the hotel.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

This section is the first that allows Heed’s viewpoint to be expressed and recounts her view of her past and marriage. It also contains the beginnings of Junior and Romen’s relationships as well as Christine’s reminisces on her past romantic history. These various relationships highlight The Greater Pleasure of Platonic Love than Romantic Love. Heed insists that her memories of her marriage are happy ones and that she was loved by her husband. However, the exploitative circumstances of her marriage, the wide age gap, and the reactions of other characters indicate that this was not the case. When speaking to Junior, Heed cannot bring herself to verbalize the word “love” in relation to her marriage: “‘It was, it was…’ She couldn’t say it, and after 1947, she never heard him say it either” (129). Christine also struggles to find fulfillment in romance, marrying a man she doesn’t love and having a series of relationships with men who control her, take her for granted, or mistreat her. Junior and Romen’s relationship is also loveless. Romen believes that he is happy, but Junior sees him as secondary to her fantasy relationship with the ghostly presence of Bill Cosey, whom she terms her “Good Man.” This ghost represents the tantalizing impossibility of fulfilling romantic relationships within the novel’s world.

If romantic and sexual love are lacking, familial love is not much better for most of the characters in the novel. Christine’s relationship with May is tense, marked by fighting over politics and only attaining a tenuous peace due to their mutual hatred of Heed. Heed’s family sold her to Cosey; Junior’s family neglected and abused her. The lone exception is Vida and Sandler Gibbons, who have a loving marriage and a good relationship with their daughter. They are raising Romen not due to parental neglect but because his parents are deployed, and they take their duties to him seriously. Morrison hence draws attention to the racial and socioeconomic disparities that threaten Black families and the positive power of familial bonds when they flourish, as with the Gibbons family.

Morrison uses the Cosey family in particular to explore Social Class and the Black American Experience. Cosey creates his resort as a place for Black Americans to experience pleasure without the threat of racism or prejudice. However, he still maintains strict class hierarchies there. Locals are not allowed to stay at the resort and even if they have the money, they are “refused. Pleasantly. Regretfully. Definitely” (40). Though his methods are genteel, Cosey is invested in maintaining this hierarchy between his guests and locals, especially the Up Beach people. When Cosey marries Heed, May is horrified not only by her age but by her origins. Heed correctly realizes that May is furious at the choice of “an Up Beach girl for his bride. A girl without a nightgown or bathing suit. Who had never used two pieces of flatware to eat. […] Who might never get rid of the cannery fish smell” (74). May herself was raised by an impoverished pastor, and she is invested in maintaining hierarchies between herself and Heed. Through these characters, Morrison suggests that the oppression begets oppression, particularly the insistence on class-based division among people who experience racism and desire to cultivate social power.

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