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54 pages 1 hour read

M. T. Anderson

Landscape with Invisible Hand

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2017

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “A Small Town Under the Stars”

A drive-in movie theater is showing a film in which two teenagers are kissing in a car on Lover’s Lane while an alien watches from the bushes. When the alien lunges at the car, the audience gasps. The movie is dissimilar to how the actual alien invasion occurred.

Chapter 2 Summary: “A Small Town at the Foot of the Rendering Sails”

The vuvv, an alien species that has invaded Earth, live in floating houses with rendering sails that emit a constant low light, so the town is never in darkness. Adam Costello and Chloe Marsh are watching the rippling sails, which Adam sweetly compares to Chole’s hair, although he hates her. Their interaction is being watched by vuvv customers.

Chapter 3 Summary: “The Landing Site: A Statue of Glass Pillars in Wrigley Field, Chicago, Illinois”

Adam hasn’t been to the vuvv’s first landing site, which was at Wrigley Field; however, he has seen the monument on a hologram. The vuvv started watching Earth in the 1940s. They aren’t humanoid beings: “They looked more like granite coffee tables: squat, wide, and rocky” (5). The vuvv came in peace, offering to end work and cure diseases, and they invited humans to join their “Interspecies Co-Prosperity Alliance” (6). Now, a large floating luxury condominium floats over the initial landing site, blocking the sun from hitting the glass monument erected in the vuvv’s honor. A few years back, a man tipped over one of the monument’s columns in an act of common vandalism.

Chapter 4 Summary: “My House in Summer, a ‘70s Suburban”

The roof on Adam’s house is half shingles and half painted boards. His mother asks him to repaint the boards, which are peeling, since he wants to be a painter. He really wants to be an artist, which Mrs. Costello considers impractical. Although Adam has painted the house, his art teacher, Mr. Reilly, praises his paintings. Mrs. Costello doesn’t complain because Adam brings in a large portion of the family’s income, which the family supplements by renting the lower portion of the house to the Marsh family. Chloe’s older brother, Hunter, has a part-time job at an energy facility, and her father, like Adam’s mother, is currently unemployed. Mrs. Costello, who lost her job as a bank teller to vuvv technology, tries to stay optimistic while job searching. She refers to the job market as flexible, and she e-mails her résumés to hiring businesses each day and then paces while waiting for responses.

Chapter 5 Summary: “A Food Cart in Front of a Strip Mall, A Line of Customers”

Adam sketches a food cart while his mother waits to talk to the manager about her application. She thinks the restaurant will last and analyzes her chances of getting hired: “I think I have like a sixty-forty chance of getting the job. Maybe sixty-five/thirty-five” (10). She has a master’s degree and views this job as temporary until she can find something better paying. Mrs. Costello remarks that she wants people to order and get out of her way, and the man in front of her tells her that they aren’t there to eat but to speak to the manager about the job. The woman serving broth kicks them all out, saying that she’ll pick someone later that night.

The man who spoke to Mrs. Costello follows her and Adam, complaining that he used to manage 11 people. He asks to see a copy of Mrs. Costello’s résumé, and he compliments the formatting. When the three of them walk around a corner, the man slams Mrs. Costello against the wall and threatens her, saying that he’ll burn her house down if he sees her working at the food cart. He leaves, and Adam regrets not punching the man. Mrs. Costello doesn’t get the job; it’s given to a tough-looking woman.

Chapter 6 Summary: “My House in Winter”

People have lost hope because they spend their days scavenging and trying to feed themselves and their families. The vuvv sold their technology to the rich for access to the electromagnetic field surrounding Earth. Vuvv technology first replaced factory jobs and then replaced other jobs, such as customer service. The vuvv’s economy, based on the ch’ch currency, takes over, and everyone, except the few wealthy humans who can afford to invest in vuvv businesses, now lives in poverty.

Mr. Costello, who was a skilled salesperson and worked for Ford, believed his job was safe. However, his sales diminished as the human economy failed, and he was fired.

At first, people tried farming, but the food that the vuvv produced was much cheaper because of their technology and government subsidies, which led to the failure of agriculture. Industrial agriculture survived by adapting to become a distribution channel for vuvv-produced food. People make a livable income only if they work closely with the vuvv—a chance that people will literally kill for.

Adam once painted a picture of his house with his father on the stoop looking dejected. They had a conversation in which Mr. Costello was upset that he couldn’t provide for the family and compared the current employment market to “those Iranian heart surgeons you used to run into driving cabs in New York” (17). Mr. Costello said he felt emasculated by his unemployment, which Adam reproached as sexist.

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

Because of the necessary world-building details, the author takes numerous chapters to introduce and develop the context, setting, and characters and to establish the text as a work of dystopian satire. The first chapter depicts people watching a film of an alien invasion, which is used to both contrast with the vuvv invasion and introduce imagery related to the 1950s—such as drive-in theaters and 1950s vehicles—which appears throughout the book. The story is narrated from the perspective of Adam Costello, a teen artist living in poverty. A stonelike sentient species, the vuvv, has visited Earth and has sold its technology to wealthy humans. While those who work closely with the vuvv live comfortable lives, many more humans have experienced hardship and now live in poverty. The stark increase in poverty is a direct result of vuvv technology, which has replaced most workers’ jobs, and of the collapsed human economy.

Along with the context, the author uses literary devices such as tone and allusion to establish the novel as a dystopian satire. The tone shifts between mysterious, dark, critical, and humorous. These tonal shifts intentionally create an interesting emotional flow and generate intrigue. Additionally, the author uses multiple allusions to reflect on or criticize real-world conditions. One of the most prominent allusions is the discussion of agricultural changes under the vuvv. The cheap vuvv “foodstuffs,” which the government subsidizes, allude to modern processed foods, many of which are subsidized and unhealthy. Anderson also briefly alludes to Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World in describing Mr. Costello’s prior employment with Ford, highlighting the similarities between the fictional dystopian worlds of the two novels—both of which warn against unquestioning support of technological advancement. The initial chapters appear as vignettes rather than as chapters in a more traditional sense. These vignettes, or small scenes, create an impressionistic sense of incompletion, which adds to the mysterious tone. The partial descriptions in the vignettes enhance the tension to inspire a sense of curiosity that keeps the storyline engaging.

These early chapters introduce most of the prominent characters. Adam, the novel’s protagonist and narrator, is a budding artist and is depicted as a stereotypical teen boy through his uncouth narrative style, moodiness, and judgmental opinions. Although young, he’s now the primary breadwinner in his family because his mother is out of work. Mrs. Costello, whose first name the text doesn’t reveal, is desperately optimistic and analytical; her character represents the concept of denial. Mr. Costello, likewise unemployed (and whose first name the text doesn’t reveal either), is depicted as self-piteous and self-absorbed. He felt that he was too skilled and too important to lose his job, so the loss of work feels, to him, detrimental. Chloe Marsh, Adam’s girlfriend, coincides with the appearance of the theme The Ups and Downs of Young Love; however, the novel doesn’t yet reveal the details of Adam and Chloe’s relationship or of their participation in a romance-themed vuvv reality show. Adam’s characterization as an artist alludes to the theme of Expressing Truth Through Art, which the novel later explores through Adam’s character arc and the critical view of the world created by the vuvv invasion.

The novel’s predominant theme—Capitalism and the Wealth Gap—is the leading theme in the initial chapters. The context, setting, and conflicts depend on this theme. As a direct result of the vuvv invasion, Adam and his family have been forced to live in poverty conditions, while those who were wealthy before the invasion capitalized on vuvv technology. Because the wealthy abandoned the human economy, those who couldn’t afford to invest must now fight for survival in a society that demands payment without supplying adequate wages: “The lowliest vuvv grunt made more in a week than most humans made in two years” (15). The intent of this juxtaposition of wages is to criticize the real-world wealth gap between upper- and lower-class individuals and to demonstrate that poverty isn’t necessarily the fault of the individual.

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