49 pages • 1 hour read
Helen FrostA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: The section of the guide discusses substance abuse, drug violence, anti-gay bias, child abuse, sexual abuse, incarceration, and bullying.
Stephie is 16 and pregnant. Her body is getting bigger: She ate a donut, but she needs more food. Jason, her boyfriend and the father of the baby, mentions abortion, but Stephie isn’t interested. She doesn’t feel like she can have the baby on her own. She doesn’t feel comfortable telling her parents or Jason’s parents, who have high hopes for their son. Stephie assumes her parents won’t react harshly, but Stephie doesn’t want to disrupt the “carefree” teen image they have of her.
Keesha goes to Stephie’s high school. Keesha knows where young people can go and live if they’re in trouble. Stephie acts like she doesn’t need such a safe space, but Stephie wishes she knew the precise address.
Jason is a star high-school basketball player, and he’ll likely earn a basketball scholarship for college. As Stephie’s pregnancy preoccupies him, Jason misses a free throw, losing his team the game. His coach thinks Stephie is “lovely,” and he wonders if they’re dating. Jason thinks about the norms of the coach’s world, where a person went to college and then got married. Such a script doesn’t apply to Jason. If Jason became a parent, he believes his basketball career would vanish. He’d have to get a job and attend college part-time. When he mentioned abortion, Stephie claimed Jason wanted to “kill” the baby so he could be a basketball hero.
On a rainy day, Keesha spots Stephie, who holds her book in front of her body and wears a bulky coat even when the weather is nice. Keesha senses Stephie is scared, and she predicts Stephie will show up at the house.
Keesha remembers when she ran away from her abusive father, who has a substance use disorder with alcohol. She remembers when her mother was alive and helped Tobias, her little brother, get through an earache. Keesha’s mom is warm, but her dad is angry, and Keesha doesn’t want to live with him.
Dontay hangs out at the house of a friend, Carmen. Carmen lives with her grandmother, and the grandmother calls Dontay “son” and gives him food if he’s hungry. Dontay calls his foster father for a ride home, but his father thinks Dontay should be able to get back on his own. Dontay’s caseworker describes the foster family as an affluent dream, but Dontay thinks they’re strict. The “real son” has his own bathroom and a key to the house. If Dontay arrives past dinner time, the family won’t feed him. Carmen gives Dontay a ride home, but it’s midnight, so Dontay waits in the backyard.
Carmen turns 16 in seven months, but she knows how to drive, so she gives Dontay a ride home. On her way back, she turns left on Main Street, and police stop her and take her back to her grandmother’s house. Carmen gets a DUI: She predicts her punishment will be two months in juvenile detention.
Carmen’s mom and boyfriend left for Cincinnati. Carmen thinks her mother will return, but after five months, Carmen is losing hope. The thought of juvenile detention adds to Carmen’s bleak outlook. Everything will be different when she gets out; she’ll feel like driving until she finds a true home.
Harris plans to go to the winter dance with a boy he likes, and he tells his parents about him. Harris’s anti-gay father kicks Harris out of the house. Harris’s father won’t support Harris if Harris doesn’t have the “respect” to be “normal.” Harris considers asking a girl to the winter dance and bringing the girl to meet his parents. He’d tell them the boy only represented a phase. The girl declines, and Harris drops his plan. He doesn’t want to pretend to be a different person, and his parents wouldn’t have believed him.
Harris doesn’t go to the dance. He realizes he probably wouldn’t have danced with the boy if they had gone together. Harris broke up with the boy, and he doesn’t want another boyfriend.
Katie stays at Keesha’s house on Jackson Street. She sleeps in a sleeping bag in the basement, where there’s a room with a lock. If Keesha wants to talk to Katie, she knocks, and if Katie wants to let her in, it’s Katie’s choice.
When Katie lived with her mother, her stepfather entered Katie’s room with her mother’s permission and abused her. Once, she knocked the trophy off his gun safe, and he twisted her arm. Katie’s mother comes to Keesha’s house, and Katie tells her mother that she can’t live with her mother if her husband is there. Her mother leaves.
Stephie compares breakfast at her house to breakfast at Jason’s house, where the environment is calm. If Jason’s brother leaves out juice, no one cares. No one forces conversation. At her house, breakfast must be done by eight. Stephie’s mother always wakes up and prepares coffee and pancakes or bran muffins. Stephie thinks “home” is a synonym for “perfect.”
After his basketball game, Jason goes to Stephie’s house, but she’s not there. Her brother says they thought Stephie was at Jason’s house. If she’s over there late, Jason and his family let her sleep on the couch. At three o’clock, Stephie’s father appears at Jason’s house. He’s worried. Recently, she’s been coming home late, and he thinks she’s looked worried. Jason tells her father about Stephie’s pregnancy, and then Jason drives around looking for her.
Katie thinks of her basement room as paradise, and she offers to pay rent. Keesha doesn’t see much of Katie because Katie works a lot. Technically, Keesha’s house belongs to Joe, who’s older, and Keesha wonders if Katie thinks Joe will make her pay “some other way.” One of Keesha’s ex-boyfriends thought the girls in the house were having sex with Joe. Joe isn’t predatory: He believes everyone deserves a safe space. Once, Keesha made his bed for him, and Joe told her not to. Keesha’s space in Joe’s house is essential, allowing her to attend school, work, eat, and sleep.
Dontay won’t return to his foster family. He believes they’ll yell at him for staying out late. Dontay will scream back, and then his caseworker will take him to Child and Youth Services (CYS), where young people wait for foster families. The kids act “hard” during the day but cry at night. Dontay would prefer to live on his own. He knows a few places he can stay, including Jermaine and Dan’s house.
Dontay’s mother and father will wonder why he missed visiting hours, but seeing them in jail makes Dontay upset. Dontay doesn’t say why his parents are in jail, but his mother is “sad,” and his father thinks their lawyer was incompetent.
Carmen claims she wasn’t drunk or aware of a partly smoked blunt under the backseat. She speculates that it could have been there since her grandmother bought the car five months ago. Carmen believes police wouldn’t have stopped her if she was white or an adult. Carmen’s grandmother hasn’t visited her, but her probation officer visited for 10 minutes, and she’s disappointed with Carmen. Carmen wishes she had stopped drinking in the seventh grade—the first time she got caught.
Carmen speaks to a “white girl” who has been in juvenile detention for 13 weeks. The girl doesn’t think about “home” anymore, and she advises Carmen to stop thinking about her grandmother. Carmen starts a letter to her grandmother but rips it up.
Harris receives an anti-gay note in his locker, and during lunch, someone pushes him into a table. His lunch hits a freshman girl who’s eating by herself. Harris apologizes, but the girl acts like it’s her fault and moves to another table.
Harris thinks about how people try to fit into “slots” or labels, like “freaks,” “jocks,” or bullies. Harris says his slot is undesirable, and people would rather die than be gay. Harris doesn’t want to die, and he pictures himself living out of his car and working at the Pancake House.
The bus schedule changes, so now Katie doesn’t have time to change into her employee uniform after school. Instead, she’ll have five minutes to change in the employee restroom. Katie can’t look for a new job, nor can she quit school or buy a car. She speaks to her boss, but he’s unsympathetic. Katie resigns herself to grueling days of work and school.
In Part 1, the theme of The Quest for Belonging propels the narratives of the seven teens as they try to find a safe, supportive space in the world. Due to her pregnancy, Stephie doesn’t feel like she fits in with her family, whom she perceives as perfect, anymore. Stephie asks, “[H]ow can I keep acting like the girl / they think I am?” (3). She admits that her parents won’t yell at her or kick her out, so she displaces herself, sensing that her new situation requires a different environment. Jason has a firm sense that he belongs on the basketball court, so Stephie’s pregnancy poses a threat to his goals. Jason admits, “I just can’t seem to say, Yes, I’ll be the kind of steady / father I should be. It’s hard to forget about college” (5). Jason isn’t ready to be a parent, and his plans for himself are longstanding. When Stephie’s father cannot find her, Jason admits that she is pregnant, seemingly to protect Stephie’s relationship with her family and ensure that she is found.
Dontay doesn’t feel connected to his foster family, and Carmen’s sense of connection is delicate after her mother and her partner moved away, leaving her with her grandmother. Carmen doesn’t want to be in a juvenile detention center, and when she gets out, she imagines herself driving until she finds “someplace that feels like home” (11), emphasizing her desire to both escape and find a familiar feeling. Similar to Stephie, Harris’s identity as a gay person produces displacement. Unlike Stephie, Harris’s parents—his dad, specifically—kick Harris out for revealing that he is gay. Harris summates his lack of acceptance when he states, “Overnight, I became someone / different—older, tougher, on my own. Someone—/ me—with no parents to support him” (12-13). Harris breaks up with his boyfriend and skips the school dance; he doesn’t want to date anymore, which suggests that his father’s behavior has made him feel shamed and lost. Katie refuses to remain connected to her mother’s abusive husband, so she leaves and finds security at Keesha’s, where her room becomes a “heaven.”
Harris turns “slots” into a symbol of belonging, with “slots” representing an accepted, fixed label. Harris explains, “[Y]ou can see which kids are trying for which slots— / jocks or freaks or ‘playas.’ And everyone would rather die / than be what I am” (28). While “jocks, “freaks” and “playas” aren’t overtly positive labels, they’re not unappealing. Yet Harris’s tag—“gay”—appears unique to him within the context of the school, leading him to believe he holds the least-desirable slot. Harris wonders, “Do people think I’m contagious?” (28). His question also connects to Stephie and Dontay, who leave their less-precarious situations because they feel as if their “slot” will contaminate the dynamic of their families. Stephie’s new label—a teen who’s pregnant—upends the “perfect” home created by her parents. Dontay’s category—a foster child—leaves him feeling like a pest, especially as his foster family has a son, whom they treat with more trust and offer more autonomy to. Dontay states, “I feel like I’m beggin’ if I ask for a ride. // I hafta ask if I can eat!” (8). As slots symbolize belonging, the teens try to find spaces and people who respect and appreciate their respective identities.
The theme of The Flaws of Families links to The Quest for Belonging. The imperfections of the teens’ families cause them to feel unsafe and unsupported, which spurs them to seek an accepting environment. These family flaws and dangers range from forgivable shortcomings to anti-gay bias to sexual abuse. The problems with the families of Dontay and Carmen aren’t unsolvable: In Parts 1 and 2, Dontay’s foster family shows that they can become less strict, and his mother and father can have a beneficial presence in his life after their prison sentence. Dontay doesn’t present his situation as immediately harmful; instead, he feels like a burden and problem, undeserving of trust. Likewise, Carmen’s predicament is salvageable, though her grandmother’s choice not to visit her comes across as apathetic. Carmen’s initial attempt to write to her grandmother shows a potential bridge of understanding, but she tears the letter up, unable to open up to her at this point in the narrative. The flaws in the families of Keesha, Harris, and Katie aren’t as easy to overcome. Keesha describes her father as “[h]olding / his bottle like a gun” (6), which alludes to substance use disorder and violence. Katie’s stepfather abuses her, and her mother won’t leave him even after Katie says she’ll return home if he leaves. Harris’s mother doesn’t stand up to her husband either, thus becoming complicit in making Harris unhoused. Parts 1 and 2 establish the theme that families are far from perfect, but in a range of degrees, as some of the teens are experiencing abuse and violence while others, like Stephie and Dontay, feel they are the problem. In the following parts, Frost shows how families can confront flaws or compound them.
The Flaws of Families and The Quest for Belonging create the third critical theme: The Need for Resilience. The imperfect families make the teens feel out of place, giving the seven teens an array of challenges they must overcome. Jason demonstrates strength by not letting his dreams of being a college basketball star dictate how he treats Stephie. Jason’s dedication manifests when he drives around and looks for Stephie in Chapter 9. Resilience doesn’t erase vulnerability; rather, toughness accepts and incorporates it. Jason doesn’t conceal emotions for Stephie and their baby, and, likewise, Harris doesn’t feign fearlessness after his father kicks him out of the house. Harris admits, “Okay, I’m scared. But I don’t plan to die” (29). Similarly, Katie doesn’t pretend like her grueling schedule of “school and work, work and school” is easy, but she faces the challenge. With Stephie and Dontay, the resilience is somewhat contrived. Neither of their families has deeply threatening traits, but they make their families seem untenable, believing they themselves can never fit in or be accepted, which compels them to demonstrate resilience and figure out how to live on their own.
Parts 1 and 2 feature sestinas that contain enjambment—lines that break without a grammatical pause. The enjambment adds stress to the words and reinforces the drama of the respective narratives. Harris tells his parents he’s gay and bringing another boy to the dance, and they reply, “Did you say // him?” (12). The enjambment—and stanza break—spotlight the pronoun “him,” as the single word propels Harris’s conflict. The enjambment also creates suspense, such as Katie saying, “I didn’t tell her what he tries to do // to me when she works late” (14). The break between “do” and “to me” creates a chasm, and the rupture reflects the fractious experience of Katie’s abusive situation. These stylistic choices offer greater meaning to the teens’ struggles, isolating the moments of rejection, neglect, or abuse so that there can be no misunderstanding the catalyst for their actions.
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