50 pages • 1 hour read
Will HobbsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Running a fever, Charlie fades in and out of consciousness. Later, once he is more lucid, Charlie says that he, his uncle, and the others left Chicago, arrived in Dawson City, and were trying to get back to Skagway. He reveals the sad, shocking truth about Dawson City: Lax regulations regarding food supplies as early prospectors arrived in Canada resulted in famine. Attempts to bring in food by ship failed. Rifle-bearing men guard warehouses. Mountie authorities stated that those in Dawson City should leave. Charlie’s group took a boat upriver, planning to cross the Chilkoot Pass and go home; when the ice crept in, they had to walk. Charlie’s foot went into the ice one day, and he neglected to dry his boot and sock, resulting in frostbite and gangrene.
Jason frets over the other parts of Charlie’s story: Charlie did not meet Jason’s brothers, and no one in Dawson City found any new gold while Charlie’s group was there. Jason insists that it is only a matter of time before someone strikes it rich again—“The Klondike is the richest goldfield in the world!” (146)—but Charlie is noncommittal. Jason reassures the boy about the food supply but secretly worries that they will not make it to spring.
Charlie is distraught and moody for weeks but begins to insist that he can help. He forces himself to learn to walk on the crutches that Jason made him. He adopts a more positive outlook once he can contribute to chores.
Most evenings, the two talk, play cards, and read from old Scientific American magazines left in the cabin. When they notice the owner’s name in the magazine—George Washington Carmack—they determine that the cabin must belong to him. Charlie tells Jason a tale about Robert Henderson finding gold initially, only to have George Carmack strike it much bigger nearby, unbeknownst to Henderson. According to Charlie’s story, Henderson treated Indigenous people panning for gold with Carmack rudely, so when they staked their successful claims, Carmack and others purposely kept the news from Henderson. Jason tells Charlie that he should consider a career in journalism, as he can tell a good tale.
When food runs low, Jason determines to hike 20 miles upstream to the mouth of the Nordenskjold River, where Henderson mentioned a village of Indigenous people, to procure meat and fish. He hikes in the shocking cold, struggling each night to keep the fire burning. When he discovers the village abandoned, he journeys another 20 miles to the Little Salmon River, but the village that Henderson recalls passing is empty. Jason tracks a moose, lost in his thoughts. In a cabin, he discovers two men, frozen to death, with a note: “Skin boat crushed by ice. Seen no game in two weeks. Lack strength to continue. Samuel Whittaker and Villy Champlain—November 30, 1897” (171). When snow begins to cover the animal tracks, Jason gives up and turns around.
A historical interlude offers examples of Klondikers unprepared for Canadian winter: an Ohio farmer and his daughter on the highest point of Laurier Pass; a traveling circus stuck in British Columbia; a camp (nicknamed “Suckerville”) of stampeders who thought that a route via the Bering Sea was a safer bet. Meanwhile, Dyea and Skagway grow with more Klondikers. Thousands all along the trails, lakes, and rivers wait for spring. Ironically, none realize that no new gold awaits. The interlude mentions that Jack London is holed up only 60 miles from Dawson City; he leaves his party when Sloper becomes angry with him.
Jason and Charlie tell knock-knock jokes to distract themselves, but soon Jason must try hunting again: This time, he will find the bear that took the moose. Taking a thin pole he made, Jason searches without luck for the bear’s den. Then he realizes that the den might be across the river.
Jason and King cross the frozen Yukon in search of the bear’s den. When he finds it, Jason believes that he can hear breathing. He is uncertain how to proceed but desperate. He stations the axe nearby and checks for extra ammunition. He tries to push the pole inside, but it meets with rock. He shouts, and King barks, but no bear emerges. He breaks off a bent spruce, poking it in. This time he hears a growl.
Heartened, he chops the frozen ground over the roof of the den and pokes the rifle in, figuring on firing as soon as he touches the bear. The bear knocks the rifle out of his hands, and it tumbles down into the den. The bear comes out of the upper hole while Jason fumbles for the ax. Though he subdues the bear with the ax, two other bears run out of the den entrance; one attacks King, clawing open the dog’s belly. Jason kills one bear with the axe, then fishes out the rifle. He shoots the third bear, but it is too late for King. He dies in the snow as Jason lies beside him.
Now that winter has won the race, the conflict shifts again, this time to the struggle for food. Jason tries daily hunting trips, rationing smaller portions, and a dangerous 80-mile hike to avoid starvation. When he finally manages to bring home an abundance of bear meat, though, it comes at a terrible sacrifice; Jason and Charlie must move forward without their loyal husky companion. King is courageous to his last moments, bravely attempting to protect Jason; the dog symbolizes the pricelessness of a trusted partner on a long adventure. Between the threat of starvation and the death of his dog, Jason is learning hard lessons about what really matters.
Hobbs utilizes dialogue and irony to communicate events in Dawson City and Robert Henderson’s role in the start of the gold rush. Through Charlie’s dialogue, Jason now understands Henderson’s attitude toward Klondike’s wealth and the great irony that began the gold rush: Henderson, the man responsible for Carmack’s gold, found out about the large caches too late to stake any valuable claims. If Charlie’s story is true (in the world of the novel), his loss resulted from his unaccepting, intolerant attitude toward “Skookum Jim,” “Jim’s” brother, and by extension, the Indigenous people of the region.
Whether or not this relayed legend is true of the real Henderson, the character’s actions help to develop the theme of The Exploitative Nature of Greed. Henderson, like many stampeding characters, moved into the region intending to benefit from the resources underfoot without regard for those who lived, worked, and raised families on the land long before he arrived. Henderson’s character’s treatment of the Indigenous characters like “Skookum Jim” demonstrates racist attitudes and prejudiced views, denying the Indigenous man’s right to access prospecting claims.
Carmack, “Skookum Jim,” “Tagish Charlie,” and Henderson are historical allusions in this section. Though Henderson found gold in the region, George Washington Carmack and his colleague “Skookum Jim Mason” (brother to the woman with whom Carmack had a family) found and staked out the first claim of value of the Klondike gold rush. “Jim’s” real name was Keish; his mother was a Tagish woman, and his father was a Tlingit man (“Gold Discoverers.” US National Park Service). Even before the gold rush began, Keish worked on the Chilkoot Trail helping others as a packer. “Tagish Charlie,” another Indigenous character mentioned in the novel, is based on the real figure of Káa Goox, the Tagish and Tlingit nephew of Keish. Hobbs’s inclusion of these figures as characters highlights the importance of the land to the Indigenous people of the region and the importance of the Indigenous people to the land.
A literary allusion exists with the magazine Scientific American; Jason and Charlie are grateful to have Carmack’s old articles to read. The publication began in 1845 and claims to be the US’s longest running continuously published periodical.
By Will Hobbs