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50 pages 1 hour read

Lois Lowry

Gossamer

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2006

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Chapters 1-7Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of child abuse, domestic violence, and alcohol use disorder.

Littlest One is a young dream-giver in training. One night, she asks to accompany her teacher, Fastidious, to a human woman’s home. As the woman and her dog sleep, Littlest One and Fastidious carefully move about the house and navigate obstacles like staircases. Fastidious complains about the layout of her assigned house, but Littlest One thinks that the home is beautiful. She also admires the courage and kindness of the woman who lives there, qualities she observed when the human calmly helped a bat that had flown into her room find its way back outside. The curious trainee peppers her teacher with questions about the nature of dream-givers, musing about whether they might be a type of dog or bat. Fastidious points out that Littlest One isn’t shaped like either of the aforementioned animals. The young dream-giver is “barely formed yet” and is almost transparent (4), although she casts a shadow. Exasperated with her questions, Fastidious tells Littlest One to stop talking and focus on their work. As the dream-givers touch objects like sweaters, rugs, and photographs, they learn the objects’ entire history. This allows them to access the owners’ memories.

Chapter 2 Summary

The elderly woman sleeps and dreams of earlier, happier times in her life. On some nights, she’s awakened by the creaking of her old house or by bats and mice getting into her room. She considers getting a cat, but she is content with her dog, who “made her take walks and gave her someone to talk to” (7). The woman’s dog and her dreams are her only companions. The dream-givers visit her bedroom every night, but they never disturb her slumber.

Chapter 3 Summary

Littlest One and Fastidious return to the Heap, which is the place where the dream-givers gather. Littlest One curls up in a corner and falls fast asleep. Meanwhile, her teacher complains to the rest of the older dream-givers about her student’s curiosity and playfulness, bemoaning that Littlest One asks many questions, dances, and invents tongue twisters. Fastidious tells Most Ancient, “[w]e started her too soon” (9). Most Ancient is a bit worried about how Littlest One will manage the most difficult part of a dream-giver’s job, which is called the bestowal. However, he is fond of Littlest One and reminds Fastidious that most of them were curious when they were young. Thin Elderly offers to trade houses with Fastidious and become Littlest One’s teacher. Thin Elderly’s current house has no stairs and is decorated in a minimalist style that he finds dull but appeals to Fastidious. This will be Thin Elderly’s first time supervising a trainee. With the exchange made, the dream-givers cuddle up and sleep because they are exhausted from a night of hard work. Most Ancient wishes them all sweet dreams, which is “his favorite joke” (12).

Chapter 4 Summary

The Heap is only one small example of the countless colonies of dream-givers, which can be found among every human population. Dream-givers gather humans’ memories by touching objects. Then they carefully combine these details to create dreams. The act of inserting a dream into the mind of a slumbering human or pet is called bestowal and requires “absolute precision.” Littlest One’s training with Fastidious hasn’t covered bestowal. Instead, she’s studied simpler tasks, such as gathering material for dreams and dissolving into invisibility. Dissolving requires dream-givers to concentrate on their wispy forms, which is tricky for the inquisitive and distractible youngling. One day, Fastidious demonstrated how to become invisible, and Littlest One was so impressed that she exclaimed, “Oh, my goodness!” (14). The irritated teacher scolded her and told her never to call attention to someone who’s dissolved because the whole point of dissolving is to ensure that humans do not see dream-givers or learn of their existence. Fastidious often developed headaches during her training sessions with Littlest One, which makes it fortunate for both parties that Thin Elderly has become her teacher.

Chapter 5 Summary

In the morning, the elderly woman wills her stiff joints into motion and gets out of bed. She feeds her dog, Toby, and prepares a simple breakfast of tea and buttered toast for herself. Toby curls up in a patch of sunlight near the woman’s feet and wags his tail when she says that they will have lovely weather for their walk. Each morning, they take a short square path around the neighborhood because this is the most exercise she can manage. They often stop to rest in a park because the woman likes to listen to the birds and to watch parents and their young children play together. She continues to talk to Toby even after he falls asleep because she has no one else to talk to, having “outlived many of her friends, as well as several earlier dogs” (18). The elderly woman has grown accustomed to her loneliness, but she worries that “her existence was about to change” due to a letter she recently received (19). It is later revealed that this letter contains details about her fostering John.

Chapter 6 Summary

Littlest One asks Thin Elderly about the whereabouts of Rotund, a dream-giver who used to be Thin Elderly's friend. He answers, “[h]e turned menacing [...]. We’ll say no more about it. He is gone” (20). Littlest One wonders why some dream-givers leave the community and go somewhere frightening. Thin Elderly explains that the reason remains a mystery, but some dream-givers suspect that it has to do with the way they gather memories. He has Littlest One demonstrate the gentle way she gathers fragments of memories and praises the fact that she has “a gossamer touch” (23). Thin Elderly explains that pressing on objects and touching them too deeply is called delving. Dream-givers are susceptible to delving if they like a memory too much, and this can leave them vulnerable to the menacing underside of the object’s memories. He urges her never to repeat what he is about to tell her in the Heap and then explains that dream-givers who fall to the dark side transform into equine creatures called Sinisteeds which inflict nightmares. The elderly woman is due for a dream, but Thin Elderly hasn’t had the opportunity to gather any fragments in her house yet. Littlest One has collected fragments of a party and a kiss, and Thin Elderly decides to teach his student how to bestow a short and pleasant dream.

Chapter 7 Summary

The woman sleeps restlessly because she is worried about the letter that she received the day before. When she stirs, Littlest One and Thin Elderly hastily dissolve into invisibility. Once the human is asleep again, Thin Elderly demonstrates how to bestow a dream. He flutters up near Toby’s head, hovers in place, centers himself, pulls up the fragments he wishes to use, aims, and sends the dream up Toby’s nose in a trail of tiny sparks. Thin Elderly explains that pulling up the memories requires careful focus, but the fragments will burst forth and go to the sleeper spontaneously. Littlest One likens this bursting to a sneeze, and her teacher deems the comparison accurate albeit a bit crude. She carefully follows Thin Elderly’s instructions and bestows her very first dream. The woman dreams of the young soldier who kissed her when she was a girl and awakens with “a vague feeling of happiness” (31).

Chapters 1-7 Analysis

The first section introduces the dream-givers: the mysterious, magical entities at the heart of Lowry’s fantasy novel. The dream-givers’ names are descriptions that are often linked to characteristics that change over time, such as their age and size, rather than fixed identities. This foreshadows how Littlest One’s name changes as she grows and takes on new roles among the dream-givers. When the protagonist is first introduced, the narrator describes her as “very small, new to the work, energetic and curious” (2). Lowry uses the narrator to provide direct characterization to clarify the narrative function of each character. Littlest One’s playfulness reflects her status as the youngest member of the Heap. Most of the other dream-givers are fond of her youthful exuberance and creativity, which suggests that these traits will not interfere with her work and simply means that she has some growing up to do. This connects to one of the novel’s major themes, The Journey of Personal Growth and Resilience. As the story continues, Littlest One develops as she undertakes the “serious and demanding task” of bestowing dreams on humans (3). To set the stage for the protagonist’s growth over the course of the novel, the first chapters establish her as a clever and curious novice who needs an opportunity to prove herself.

While Lowry uses names as a characterization tool for the dream-givers, most of the novel’s human characters, including the elderly women, are unnamed. This enhances the magical elements of the text, as it constructs the human world as something mystical and inaccessible. One of the novel’s primary settings is the woman’s home, which is described as a “little house with geranium-filled window boxes and the rocker on the porch” (21). The well-tended flowers and the singular rocker generate indirect characterization: She is a kindly yet lonely person Lowry also employs allusion to provide characterization. In Chapter 5, the elderly woman alludes to The Wizard of Oz: “‘You make me feel like the Tin Woodsman [...]’ she said to her left knee. ‘Rusted and immobilized. I wish I could oil you’” (17). The allusion shows how the woman uses humor to cope with aging, a sign of her resilience.

Of the major themes, the one most closely linked to the magical realism genre is The Healing Power of Happy Memories. The dream-givers demonstrate this power in Chapter 2 when they ease the elderly woman’s pain by allowing her to relive pleasant memories: “Sometimes, in her dreams, she recalled earlier times when she had been happier” (7). The woman finds solace in revisiting the past because she lacks human companionship in the present. In Chapter 7, Littlest One demonstrates the healing power of dreams and has an important personal achievement when she bestows her first dream. All the woman retains when she awakens is “a vague feeling of happiness” (31), but this is enough to make her solitary existence a little more bearable. Dreams and memories are important sources of hope, happiness, and healing for the novel’s human characters, which raises the stakes of the protagonist’s actions.

The descriptions of memories and dreams are rich in imagery. For example, when Littlest One touches a button in Chapter 1, she sees “a breezy picnic on a hillside in summer long ago; a January night, more recently, by the fire; and even, once, the time that a cup of tea had been spilled on the sweater” (6). These memories are sensory and convey a connection with the humans’ bodies, suggesting why they hold such a power over the humans. Lowry links the sense of touch in particular to The Healing Power of Happy Memories by having dream-givers gather humans’ memories by touching their belongings. In Chapter 6, Thin Elderly tells Littlest One that she has “a gossamer touch” (23). This draws a connection between the novel’s title and the motif of touch. In addition, the delicacy of the protagonist’s touch is significant because it supports Lowry’s overall point that people need to be treated with gentleness during the healing process.

Toby the dog emerges as a symbol of love. At the start of the novel, he is the only source of love and companionship in the elderly woman’s life: “The dog made her take walks and gave her someone to talk to. He was all she needed” (7). Toby is vitally important to the woman because he offers her affection and because caring for him serves as an outlet for her love. After John is introduced, Toby’s symbolic function supports major plot and character developments.

These early chapters foreshadow what is to come. In Chapter 5, the “folded letter” that elicits “a worried look” from the woman is the first hint about the boy who will come to stay with her (19). In another instance of foreshadowing, Sinisteeds are first mentioned in Chapter 6 when Thin Elderly explains that his friend Rotund “turned menacing.” This adds an element of suspense and danger to the plot by revealing that dream-givers can become twisted versions of themselves. The word “Sinisteed” is a portmanteau of “sinister” and “steed,” conjuring an image of a horse being ridden to assist in evil missions. In future sections, Sinisteeds threaten to jeopardize Littlest One’s efforts to foster healing through dreams.

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