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57 pages 1 hour read

Tim O'Brien

Going After Cacciato

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1978

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Chapters 38-41Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 38 Summary: "On the Lam to Paris"

They board the Andros, a converted freighter, for the three-day journey to Athens. The trip passes pleasantly, like a vacation. Sarkin takes responsibility for Lieutenant Corson, and his health improves under her care. She urges him to resume a leadership role.

 

When they near the dock, however, it’s swarmed with policemen looking for them, pulling all the men aside and opening luggage. Stink urges them to think of a plan, but everyone else is resigned to their fate. Paul thinks that Stink is “a scrapper. Tough and unquitting” (258).

 

Stink strips down to his underwear, ties his boots around his neck, and—holding his wallet and pocketknife and pinching his nose—jumps into the water without making a splash. Paul can see the slight wake of a swimmer as the boat docks until it too disappears.

Chapter 39 Summary: "The Things They Didn’t Know"

Doc, Oscar and Buff had given Stink an English-Vietnamese dictionary as a birthday present. Stink would scream at the villagers in broken Vietnamese, trying to get them to move and lie down, but the villagers wouldn’t understand. So he would enforce his message with his gun, feeling triumphant when the villagers did what he wanted.

 

Since the soldiers don’t understand the language, they don’t understand the Vietnamese people’s emotions or know who to trust. Stink, for one, doesn’t care, but Paul wants to know what they’re thinking and, most of all, whether they like him. He believes in his innocence and wants them to know “how he hate[s] to see the villages burned” (263).

 

He imagines going back after the war with an interpreter to talk to a small girl Doc treated to find out what she hopes for and to tell her why he went to war. He doesn’t know which of the politicians to believe, but he trusts his country.

 

In September, Paul is called before the promotions board, a three-officer panel, to be interviewed for promotion to Spec Four. A major with sunglasses asks Paul about his last name—whether he’s American, where he got the name, where Berlin is. He asks Paul if he has brains and if he’s a “swingin’ dick” (267). He also asks if Paul is “’fraid of getting’ zapped” (268), and when Paul says no, he calls him a dummy.

 

He then asks a few standard questions about the flag, weaponry, and the Secretary of the Army. He asks Paul why they’re fighting, and another officer, who has been silent up to this point, provides the answer: “To win it” (268). Paul agrees. The final question is, “What effect would the death of Ho Chi Minh have on the population of North Vietnam?” (269). Paul answers correctly, that it would reduce it by one.

 

The soldiers never discuss politics, which infuriated Frenchie. They don’t know why they’re fighting or what role their actions play in the larger war. They don’t have “a sense of victory, or satisfaction, or necessary sacrifice” (270). They don’t know what to do with prisoners; they don’t know how to feel about their actions. They don’t “know good from evil” (271).

Chapter 40 Summary: "By a Stretch of the Imagination"

Paul thinks that logically, according to the odds, it wouldn’t have ended at the port in Athens. He compares this dream to the dream all the other soldiers have when they think about the end of the war. So they aren’t arrested; they walk easily past the cops and custom agents. They spend several days in Athens, but Stink does not return. The lieutenant decides they have to move on.

 

They take a bus to Zagreb and then hitch a ride in a VW van with a girl from California. She praises their decision to walk away in the face of evil, but Oscar, Eddie, and Doc claim not to have seen evil and not to feel guilt. Oscar makes her leave the van at gunpoint; she believes that he’s going to rape her and offers to have sex with him willingly. Instead, they drive away.

 

They make it to Fulda, in Germany, before the car breaks down, and they get on a train. Paul is excited to return to civilization and contemplates that it—schools, cleanliness, art, industry—is the reason for war, and he feels that’s a just cause even if “something had gone wrong” (277-78). They move towards Luxembourg, and Paul feels happy that it’s so easy. 

Chapter 41 Summary: "Getting Shot"

The battle is “a running battle,” moving down the ditch through two villages. Paul, Cacciato, and Eddie patrol the ditch after the battle is over, and Cacciato finds Buff’s body. They cover the body with a poncho, and Eddie calls for the dustoff. When Doc walks by, he removes the weapons and goes through the pockets, putting everything in a bag that he ties to Buff’s wrist. Eddie tells him he forgot what’s in the helmet.

 

Paul pretends he’s in a pool and tries not to think about Buff. Cacciato eats peaches. Eddie says they found Buff on his knees, “[h]unched up like the way Arabs pray” (281). Doc tells him to shut up. Paul thinks about raking leaves. They can hear the explosions from the other platoons blowing bunkers.

 

Oscar comes over, and he, Eddie, and Doc smoke and talk about Buff, about how no Vietnamese died in the battle, and about how Harold Murphy will get Buff’s machine gun now. Cacciato eats chicken. Paul feels relieved that he wasn’t the one who died.

 

The dustoff comes, and Paul thinks how pleasant it is to see and smell things. Doc says they can’t leave Buff’s helmet in the ditch, so Cacciato takes care of it, “heav[ing] Buff’s face into the tall crisp grass,” then cleaning the helmet and tying it to his rucksack (285). Oscar says that the simple lesson is not to get shot.

Chapters 38-41 Analysis

Chapters 38 and 40, which detail the trip to Paris, show how Lieutenant Corson has ceded his leadership. Sarkin urges him to reclaim it, but he continues to fade into the background. When they encounter trouble again—the cops waiting at the pier—the men are unable to come up with a plan. Stink’s impulsiveness takes over, and he jumps from the ship, and the mission.

 

Yet when they arrive at the pier, the police let them pass easily. The girl in the van raises questions about the morality of their actions, when she praises them for walking away from an unjust war. Oscar, Eddie, and Doc claim not to have any guilt, but it’s questionable whether they’re telling the truth since they immediately steal her van and abandon her on the side of the road. As they move from Luxembourg to Germany, Paul contemplates the idea of civilization again, coming to the conclusion that its benefits justify the kind of evil Doc forced him to witness at the beheading in Tehran.

 

The scene in Chapter 40, in which the girl, believing Oscar is going to rape her, offers to have sex with him willingly instead, is highly problematic from a feminist point of view, though whether it indicates Paul’s or O’Brien’s issues with women is unclear. Paul certainly has issues with his mother, and he has never had a real relationship, so it could point to a character flaw. Regardless, the inclusion of this scene is troubling.

 

Chapter 39 contains further proof of Paul’s concern with what others think of him—in this instance, he imagines talking to a small girl after the war, in the hopes that she will understand and forgive his actions. Additionally, several characters have debated, at earlier points in the novel, whether it makes a difference that the soldiers lack an overall sense of purpose. Whether or not that changes their experience of the war is still an open question, but this chapter makes it clear that for this group of me, that sense of purpose is missing. They’re disconnected from the issues behind the war just as they’re disconnected from the villagers on the ground.

 

The scene with Paul in front of the promotion panel makes it clear that their superiors don’t consider purpose either. The questions they ask him are flippant, but Paul is willing to play the game and goes along with them in order to be promoted to Spec Four. His dreams of the Silver Star show that accolades matter to him; he wants to be able to go home and make his father proud.

 

Finally, Chapter 41 contains the last war story, the story of Buff’s death. Here, the focus is not on the death itself, but on the time immediately afterwards, when they have to wait for the dustoff to pick up the body. Paul has to retreat inside himself to handle the events around him, imagining a pool and leaves. Others draw comfort from talking, eating, or smoking, but Paul relies on his imagination. Here Cacciato is again willing to do what the others aren’t; he disposes of the last pieces of Buff’s remains without seeming bothered—perhaps his implied simplemindedness allows him to cope with the horrors of war better than the others. 

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