53 pages • 1 hour read
Louise ErdrichA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As the world begins to fall apart due to an ongoing but unexplained catastrophe, a woman writes a diary addressed to her unborn child: “There have always been letters and diaries written in times of tumult and discovered later, and my thought is that I could be writing one of those” (7). She introduces herself as Cedar Hawk Songmaker, though this is the “white name” (7) given by her adoptive parents. Her birth name, given by her Ojibwe parents, is Mary Potts. At the age of 26, she is four months pregnant and has no health insurance. Ten years earlier, she aborted a pregnancy after two months.
She describes her adoptive parents as happily married vegans who love her unconditionally, but she doesn’t understand why she was adopted; as she’s a person of Native American descent, adoption by white parents shouldn’t have been legal. As caring as her adoptive parents have been, Cedar describes how they fetishized her Native identity.
In the past, when she met other Native American people, she realized that she had little in common with them beyond genetics. This realization prompted her to reflect on her relationship with her biological parents, the Pottses. She realizes that she is angry, but she has hidden this anger from everyone and struggles to explain her frustration with the mundane, dull reality of the Pottses, whom she feels have robbed her of the romantic parents she imagined for herself. Cedar hopes that her baby’s future will be different, that the unborn child can have “the web of connections” (9) that Cedar never really had. Cedar has become increasingly religious during her pregnancy and the baby is due to arrive on Christmas Day. She publishes her own Catholic magazine (entitled Zeal) and has the funding to continue until the baby arrives. In this time, Cedar hopes to establish a family support group for her child. She does not expect the child’s father to help as she is trying to keep a distance between them.
Cedar remembers a telephone conversation with her adoptive mother, Sera. World events are causing worry, so Sera suggests that Cedar return home. Cedar struggles to tell her mother that she is pregnant. Instead, she reveals that she plans to travel to the reservation to meet her birth mother. Her adoptive father, Glen, tries to convince Cedar to wait until events have calmed down. Sera discusses her fears of the “new kind of virus” (10) released from the melting permafrost which has caused the president to consider declaring a state of emergency. Cedar insists that she is going to visit her birth parents, so Glen and Sera tell her to be careful. Cedar calls Mary Potts. After an awkward conversation, Cedar receives directions to Mary’s residence and plans to visit the next day.
Cedar travels to the reservation where her biological family lives. While traveling, she notices people preparing for the imminent social collapse. One sign in a barren field reads “Future Home of the Living God” (14) and Cedar stops to photograph it. After getting temporarily lost at the reservation, Cedar finds the right house.
She sees a woman she assumes to be her mother slapping the dust from a cushion with a garden hose. After an awkward introduction, Mary invites Cedar into the house, and they drink tea. Mary’s wheelchair-bound mother—Mary Virginia, Cedar’s biological grandmother—enters and makes jokes, but Cedar jumps straight to her blunt questions: She wants to know why Mary abandoned her and whether the family has any hereditary illnesses.
Mary explains that she was “stupid” (17): In her youth, she took drugs and had sex with many men before settling down with her current partner, Eddy. Though the Songmakers sent Mary updates about Cedar, she asked them to stop. This bothers Cedar, but her anger is interrupted by the arrival of Little Mary, Cedar’s biological sister. Little Mary wears dark, heavy makeup, appears to be high on some substance, and her appearance makes Cedar cry. Cedar is happy that she was raised by the Songmakers, but she tells Mary how Little Mary is a clear indication that she is an excellent mother.
Later, Mary reveals that the 16-year-old Little Mary is the only girl at her school who abstains from sex and drugs. Cedar does not believe her. After Little Mary leaves, Cedar continues to talk with her mother and grandmother. They talk about Eddy, who has a doctorate from Harvard and who tried (but failed) to fix the schools on the reservation. Now, he works in the family gas station and is writing a book. Cedar attends a meeting of the tribal council where Mary will give a presentation about erecting a shrine dedicated to Kateri Tekakwitha, the “patron saint of Native people” (19). Mary’s proposal passes a vote, and Cedar accompanies Mary to the parking lot behind the casino where the saint supposedly appears, and they begin laying the sod to build a shrine. Eddy arrives and awkwardly introduces himself. He talks in a strange, intellectual manner, and Cedar suspects that he has mental health issues. Cedar invites Mary and Eddy to lunch—a strangely normal action amid an escalating crisis in which “the world is going to pieces” (23).
They eat lunch in the casino restaurant. Mary leaves early, leaving Cedar alone with Eddy, who talks about his unfinished book—a long, winding biography that discourages suicide. Cedar believes that Eddy uses the book as a rudimentary form of therapy, much as she does with the book she is writing to her unborn child. Eddy is the first person in Cedar’s biological family to listen to her, so she tells him everything including the identity of her baby’s father. Cedar says that her baby’s father is “an angel” (26) and Eddy laughs at the joke.
As she prepares to leave, Cedar meets Grandma Virginia again. Cedar talks about her pregnancy and asks about any illnesses in the family. Mary Virginia tells stories from the family’s past and then falls asleep. Cedar lays her grandmother in the bed and then sits down beside Little Mary, who counters all of Cedar’s conversational attempts with stinging insults. Cedar accuses her sister of substance use, and Little Mary falls into a fit of tears, begging Cedar to say nothing to her parents. Cedar nearly agrees to clean Little Mary’s chaotically messy room but cannot face such a massive task. Mary returns home with Eddy, accompanied by Cedar’s adoptive parents. Cedar is shocked. She takes her things and hides in Little Mary’s room. She begins cleaning the mess and, despite the disgusting state of the room, she would still rather be cleaning than meeting with both sets of parents.
Cedar eventually reaches a point where she cannot clean any longer, so endures the awkwardness of her two sets of parents. Everyone decides to take a sunset tour of the reservation. When they reach the gas station, Cedar watches as Sera politely eats a hot dog offered to her by Mary, even though Sera is a vegan who loathes unhealthy food. Cedar sees Sera in a newly heroic light. That night, Sera and Glen stay in the casino hotel and Cedar’s plans to leave are scuttled. She tells Mary about her pregnancy and asks about any family illnesses. Mary reluctantly talks about Cedar’s biological father, the man she met before she settled down with Eddy, but quickly becomes embarrassed and says nothing more.
The next morning, Cedar watches the increasingly bleak news reports of last-ditch experiments and breeding problems in animals. She discovers that Sera and Glen have checked out of the casino hotel. She cannot reach their cell phones but assumes they have gone home. Cedar leaves Mary’s house. She is handed a note, reminding her of the concept of martial law, and pages from Eddy’s book which describe her visit. Cedar tries to withdraw money from her bank account on the way home but the bank refuses as they have no available cash. They only allow her to withdraw thousands of dollars when she reveals that she is pregnant. Cedar buys baby items with her money, as well as ammunition, cigarettes, and alcohol in case she needs to barter for food after society collapses.
Cedar has an ultrasound. Her baby is between four and five months old and she sees the child for the first time on the monitor. She notices a strangeness about the medical staff. When Cedar shouts at them, they reveal that the baby’s measurements mean that they need to keep Cedar in the hospital. As soon as the technicians leave the room, the doctor urges Cedar to leave, instructing her to bind him to a chair and stage that she overpowered him and escaped. As she obeys, the doctor asks whether her child has “any special ethnicity” (38). He warns her to keep the pregnancy secret.
Cedar, Glen, and Sera watch the television. They tune into local programming as the “government has seized the cable companies” (38). The channels brim with unfamiliar, frenzied newscasters and scientists. People are concerned, but there is limited information available. Cedar has still not told her adoptive parents about her pregnancy, but they are so anxious that she cannot bring herself to share. They discuss religion and science as an expert on the television discusses human evolution, which may now be “going backward” (40).
Cedar goes to the kitchen and reflects on her adoptive parents’ view of evolution. Modern humans are a relative blip on the long timeline of evolution, she recalls. Sera appears and begins preparing food, as she does when she is “troubled” (42). Sera is struck by a sudden worrying memory: She always refused Cedar vaccinations, and now she is concerned that it is too late. Cedar teases her mother, then reveals that she sought out her own vaccinations. The family sit and eat pancakes. Cedar recognizes the distress in Glen and Sera’s behavior. That evening, they chat about their plans. Cedar goes to bed. Before she falls asleep, she remembers to record everything in her diary. To do so, she sneaks out and travels back to her small house. As she drives away, she realizes the neighborhood no longer has electricity.
Future Home of the Living God is set during the collapse of a society, yet the novel counterintuitively portrays that collapse as a slow, mundane affair. While she is aware of world issues (as the news broadcasts worrying signs and people begin to panic) Cedar has more pressing issues on her mind. A contrast emerges between the internal world of the narrator and the world at large. Both worlds are enduring huge, sweeping changes, but Cedar is more focused on her personal plight than the societal pandemonium around her. Her pregnancy, and her search for her biological family, present as radical a paradigm shift as does the collapse of society. To Cedar, both are equally consequential, but she only has the capacity to influence her immediate situation: She tries to take control of her life by searching for her biological family—a kind of agency that is impossible in the case of the larger societal havoc. As a result, Cedar gives a greater focus in her narrative to the meetings with Mary, Eddy, and the rest of the family. This transformative encounter she can understand and affect, whereas the collapse of society is so incomprehensibly vast that it remains abstract to her and assumes the importance of the weather. Like the weather, societal collapse is powerful and all-encompassing. Further, the collapse is also as inevitable as the weather is, and she is powerless to change either. Cedar’s focus on the immediate, pliable issues in her life shows that she has inherited Sera’s practical approach to crises, even if she denies her similarity to her adoptive mother.
Cedar grew up thinking that she is the child of adoptive parents. Sera and Glen taught her this much, allowing her to imagine her biological parents with complete freedom. As a person of Native American ancestry, Cedar conjures up an image of her parents, which fulfills her need for an origin story and satisfies her longing for ethnic identity. Her imagined parents adhere to stereotypes and embody other arcane qualities which Cedar projects onto them. These imagined parents are counterpoints to what Cedar perceives as lacking in her white, liberal parents. The imagined parents are whomever she wants them to be, and such creative license allows her to meet her own need for self-knowledge. Her pregnancy throws her adoptive situation into sharp relief, however, and she begins to question her own identity. As a prospective mother herself, Cedar decides to learn more about the idea of motherhood. Cedar always considers Sera her mother, but she has only been able to fill in the blank spaces with her imagination. The imagined parents no longer satisfactory, she seeks out Mary Potts.
Mary is not like the mother Cedar imagined; she is younger, a smoker, and more carefree than the stoic, magical stereotype Cedar constructed in her mind. Like the imagined mother, however, Mary still contrasts with Sera. Cedar writes in her diary, providing her unborn child with the juxtaposition between her adoptive and her biological mothers, and through this contrast, Cedar also learns about motherhood. She takes parts of both Mary and Sera, and combines these different modes of motherhood to help guide her through an increasingly confusing and difficult world.
As Part 1 develops, the dystopian social situation escalates. There are queues at gas stations and empty shelves at supermarkets. Sera’s influence on her daughter is demonstrated when Cedar makes her preparations for a coming crisis and stocks up on sensible survival items. She even invests in ammunition and alcohol, though she has no interest in these goods beyond their bartering utility. Similar to how Sera might approach the stock market, Cedar approaches her shopping trip with a workday nonchalance. She never panics or allows herself to become overwhelmed. Only when she is forced to flee from a hospital does she begin to register the scope of the situation. Throughout this opening portion of the novel, Cedar primarily keeps her focus on the immediate, conveying the collapse of society as a subplot in the narrative of her own personal revelations. The discovery of her biological mother may change Cedar’s life, but the collapse of society reminds her of Sera’s pronounced influence on her.
By Louise Erdrich