39 pages • 1 hour read
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All the children who lived through the Mission school experience find it difficult to control their tempers. Under the wrong circumstances, each one exhibits an outburst of rage. This behavior pattern amounts to a recurring motif that speaks to the theme of failed assimilation. In every case, the Mission survivor is faced with a situation in the outside world that triggers a sense of helplessness that originated at the school.
Though ordinarily a kindly soul, Kenny is driven past the point of reason when his foreman docks his pay and withholds the bonus he earned by picking two extra bins of apples. He rebels against this unfair treatment because his job performance was exemplary for three years prior to that point. Unable to control himself, Kenny attacks his boss and flees to escape the police.
Lucy is also relatively mild-tempered until the owner of the Manitou ridicules her aspirations to be a nurse and makes degrading comments about her culture and gender. While Lucy doesn’t physically assault her boss, she feels enough righteous indignation to quit on the spot. However, Clara has enough repressed rage for both of them and attacks their boss. Injustice ignites Clara’s temper. She will later be kicked out of a bar for assaulting a white male customer who makes degrading comments to her as he propositions her for sex. Maisie assaults the man who tried to force Lucy into sex work. She is so volatile that she picks arguments with everyone, including her boyfriend and Lucy.
Finally, Howie is the most extreme example of uncontrolled rage. He beats Brother nearly to death when he encounters the man decades after his childhood abuse at the pedophile’s hands. After serving seven years in jail, Howie tells the parole board that he does not regret his actions. In each case, the pent-up rage from childhood finds its way to the surface later on in life.
Both Clara and Howie interact with nature in a way that heals their souls. The healing presence of nature symbolizes a positive coping strategy.
Clara begins her adult life as an angry young woman looking for a sense of purpose. She injured her shoulder during a protest gone wrong, which causes her to take a six-month timeout while living in Mariah’s cabin on a reservation in Saskatchewan. During her time there, Clara engages in tasks like hunting, fishing, chopping wood, and sewing clothes. As she wanders the natural landscape, she is accompanied by her dog, John Lennon. Animals symbolize the natural world unencumbered by human complications. Mariah is initially opposed to having the dog in the house but eventually relents: “I’m going to build up the fire on the porch and you can sit and rest out there with your dog. I can see the medicine between you” (192.)
Howie experiences a similar transformation in nature when he goes home to the reservation to live at his mother’s house. He repairs the dilapidated shack and plants a garden. Tending the garden over the summer grounds him and connects him to the earth and the ways of his people. Animals also feature prominently in Howie’s redemption. First, he receives a puppy as a gift from Clara. Later, he acquires two Appaloosa fillies to start his horse ranch and gives one to Clara. When Howie and Clara become a couple, they both turn their backs on the big city and establish a new life for themselves out in the country. In embracing nature, they find their way back home.
The Canadian government took Indian children away from their families at a very early age, hoping to break their connection with native traditions. Many survivors lost all memories of their native language or customs. In the novel, native traditions recur as a symbol of the home and cultural grounding lost to all the Mission children. The teachers at the Mission schools do their utmost to convince their pupils that native ways are primitive and backward, and that their religion is sacrilegious and has no place in a Christian society.
Mariah contrasts the notion that native healing modalities are inferior or evil. When Clara is injured, Mariah knows exactly which poultice will cure her infected arm and which herbs to brew in a tea to soothe the pain. Later, when Kendra becomes a medical doctor, Clara says, “Mariah’s got a whole different kind of science. She learned it here. Didn’t need no fancy school” (2).
Even more important than the native ways of healing the body are their ways of healing the mind. Native spirituality is not only despised by the Catholic nuns but Clara has been warned that she will not ascend to heaven if she participates in any heathen ceremonies: “It pleased Clara, thinking of that evil woman and how she would see her Christian mission as failed, seeing Clara in the hands of this pagan” (194).
Even after Clara is cured of her physical injury, her soul is still unwell. To cure this malady, Mariah invokes the spiritual practices of her people. Clara spends four days in a sweat lodge before she finally breaks free of her sense of self-hatred. Four days in a sweat lodge is a short time compared to the years that some people spend in modern psychotherapy. The novel seems to suggest that traditional medicine and traditional spirituality might have something to teach “advanced” Western civilizations.