48 pages • 1 hour read
André AcimanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Samuel Perlman is the first narrator of the novel, the central protagonist of Part 1, “Tempo.” Samuel is a successful classics professor who lives in Italy. He is divorced with an adult son, Elio. Samuel is in an older stage of his life, in which he worries that he has lost the chance to be irrationally in love with someone who truly understands him. Though he had a good marriage, it wasn’t the great love of his life. In fact, he let the great love go, choosing to end their affair and marry his girlfriend, a choice that still haunts him. Now that he is single, he worries that that part of his life is over—until he meets Miranda. At first, Samuel is hyperaware of his age in comparison to Miranda’s, self-conscious about seeming like a creepy old man hitting on a younger woman. Their natural chemistry and immediate intimacy spurs Samuel to accept her invitation to spend more time together, and over the course of their day, he learns to embrace the beauty of the moment. Until this point, Samuel’s interior life has been characterized by a compulsion to over examine his past choices to evaluate where his life has ended up and how it could have been better. He is a man stuck in the past, symbolized by his scholarly work, in which he focuses on history that has already passed rather than a future that has yet to take place.
Samuel falls so deeply for Miranda that he introduces her to Elio within the first couple days of knowing her and invites her to live with him. The speed and depth of their connection inspires Samuel to think of his life as exciting, not boring, and only just starting, not ending. Samuel is always described as a good father to Elio: present, thoughtful, and supportive. In keeping with his sensitivity as a parent, he is at first concerned that Elio will resent the presence of a stranger on their vigils, but Elio readily accepts Miranda, repaying Samuel for his own embracing of his son’s sexuality and loves. Unbeknownst to him, Samuel has spent his life preparing for Miranda: He encouraged Elio to love without rationality and barriers because that is what he wanted for himself. Finally, Samuel has the chance to live that dream. His character development is a lesson that it’s never too late in life to fall in love.
Miranda, the beautiful young woman Samuel meets by chance, is impulsive, flighty, passionate, and curious. Her intellectual stamina heightens her beauty for Samuel. Her very name is purported to originate in Shakespeare’s Tempest and has come to signify being worthy of admiration. Her career, as a globe-trotting photographer, emphasizes her fear of being tied down, and she herself acknowledges that relationships are difficult because she quickly grows bored of men. Her own father underscores this, warning Samuel of her impulsivity and inability to stay put.
Despite these red flags, it is implied that Miranda inhabits a fuller version of herself in her relationship with Samuel. Miranda moves in with Samuel, has a child with him, and stays with him until his death. Miranda inspires Samuel to live a radically different type of love, one that is fast-paced and important. She symbolizes the adventure of youth but also proves that love has no age.
Elio Perlman is the narrator of Part 2, “Cadenza,” and Part 4, “Da Capo.” He is an artist whose identity as a pianist is integral to his life. Elio has achieved his dream of living an artist’s life, which includes exploring the world and meeting new people. In Part 2, Elio is paralleled to Miranda in that they both share a certain flightiness in love. Elio has had long-term relationships before, but he often is unfulfilled by his romantic partners. When he is in a serious relationship, he eventually craves his independence and autonomy. Elio worries that love will take away this autonomy. This is partly because Elio’s first and most profound love, with Oliver, was a merging of autonomies, not a loss of one. Elio hasn’t stopped thinking about Oliver for years. He doesn’t communicate with Oliver because he finds it too painful, but he also knows that he doesn’t need a friendship with Oliver in order to know and understand him. When Elio meets Michel, he embraces heated passion and a depth of understanding, but his deep connection with Michel is not comparable to the one he still nurtures in his heart for Oliver.
Like his father, Elio is interested in the past. His investigation of Ariel Waldstein’s life and death is evidence that he looks to history to learn about the present. He is connected through time with Ariel through their shared passion for music; he is also the only person besides Ariel to play his cadenza. Ariel’s doomed love acts as a foil for the fated love Elio recaptures with Oliver. In Part 4, when Elio is reunited with Oliver and they decide to pursue the romance of their youth in their maturity, Elio is still tied to memory, but he learns to discover the new layers of Oliver more than 20 years after their first foray into love. Elio believes in true love and is unwilling to settle for a love that is less than the one he has for Oliver. Elio symbolizes the inherent beauty of the pursuit of love.
Michel is Elio’s lover in Part 2. He is an older Frenchman who has had to go through pain and loss to live his life authentically. He was married to a woman until she discovered his love for men, and his son holds his sexuality against him, symbolizing the generational difference in attitudes toward gay relationships. Michel’s age difference with Elio, whose youth and beauty he admires, is significant; there is an element of caretaking in their relationship. Michel chooses the restaurant, hosts their sexual encounters at his hotel, massages him, and hosts him at his country home, a sign of maturity that Elio is still far from achieving. Michel welcomes Elio into his intimate spaces, breaking down physical barriers and embracing his deep connection with Elio. His belief in fate comes into play as well: He believes it is fate that he met Elio, who not only loves him but helps him solve the mystery of Ariel Waldstein.
Michel’s maturity also gives him a certain detached wisdom; he knows that Elio is still madly in love with Oliver, which means that Elio and Michel’s relationship has an expiration date. Nonetheless, Michel lives for the moment and embraces Elio for everything that Elio can give him.
Oliver is the narrator of Part 3, “Capriccio.” Oliver is an American classics professor who has a conventional life on the outside, but on the inside, he is impetuous, hypersexual, fun, and dreamy. Oliver feels that he failed himself by not staying with Elio, the true love of his life. Though Oliver has had a good life building a career and a family, he has always felt unfulfilled. Oliver turns to interiority and fantasy to fill the holes of his traditional lifestyle. He is less comfortable with expressions of his bisexuality than is Elio, a sign that the ingrained American heteronormative culture has oppressed his individual drive.
Oliver is deeply moved by music, and his fantasies highlight how music reminds him of Elio—thus, he can never escape the influence of Elio on his life. In Part 4, Oliver leaves his wife and moves to Italy to be with Elio, choosing to undo the decades of failing himself. This courage highlights the importance of pursuing true love. Oliver proves that there is no age or end to happiness. He starts a new chapter in his life because living inauthentically is too oppressive. But Oliver, who is nostalgic in Part 3, loses his worship of memory by Part 4. He doesn’t want to revisit the past because the passage of so much time has left him with significant metaphorical baggage. This doesn’t mean Oliver is less happy to be with Elio—rather, it emphasizes how much Elio means to him. In finding Elio, Oliver finds himself, and vice versa. Oliver’s character development from prototypical American male with a nuclear family to a gay man living with his much younger boyfriend in Italy is a celebration of risk, love, passion, and choice.
By André Aciman
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