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Celeste NgA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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In her own quiet way, Hannah determines to find out what happened to Lydia. She finds a way to unfasten the safety lock her mother recently installed, escapes to the lake, and lies on the dock so that she is “as close to her sister’s last night as she can get” (105).
When Marilyn finds the safety lock unfastened, she blames James. She insists that Lydia was kidnapped and would never run away. She is mad that James accepts the police’s theory that Lydia left of her own volition because she was isolated from her peers, and she accuses him of kowtowing to authority, unwittingly referencing the offensive stereotype of the servile Oriental. James leaves home and finds refuge in Louisa’s arms.
Marilyn paces Lydia’s room, in denial about her daughter’s unhappiness. As she embraces Lydia’s bookbag, a box of cigarettes and an open box of condoms fall out. Marilyn is shocked but determined to “keep searching until she understands her daughter completely” (120).
Nath and Hannah go to the lake, where they spot Jack. Nath moves to confront the boy he is certain had something to do with Lydia’s death, but Hannah passionately apprehends him, allowing Jack to escape. Hannah does not want her brother to get into a fight. Afterward, Nath allows Hannah to sit next to him and enjoy some of the intimacy that she craves.
The Lee family tries to forget about the summer when Marilyn left.
When Marilyn disappears and James calls the police, Officer Fiske tells him that Marilyn’s departure is unlikely to be a kidnapping, given the preparations she took. He adds that “sometimes people are just too different,” insinuating that the couple’s racial difference is the source of Marilyn’s unhappiness (124). James thinks about the incident on his wedding day, when he overheard Marilyn’s mother telling her that it was wrong to marry outside her race. He pieces together Marilyn’s torn-up note from the wastepaper basket, which explains how she “always had one kind of life in mind and things have turned out very differently” (125). While Marilyn was talking about her career, James misunderstands and thinks she regrets marrying outside her race. He is also conscious that the Lees are the talk of the town.
Nath develops a fascination with astronauts to counter his mother’s absence. James, who feels uncomfortable with how much Nath resembles the introverted and nerdy boy that he was, lashes out at his son, permanently damaging their bond. Meanwhile, Nath becomes angry with Jack when he tells Nath that growing up with one parent is sufficient.
Lydia, meanwhile, discovers her mother’s Betty Crocker cookbook and the passage that Marilyn’s tears fell onto. She promises herself that if her mother returns, then “she would do everything her mother wanted” (137).
In Toledo Marilyn is studying for her midterm exams. She misses her family but feels as though she is doing the right thing. Sometimes she calls home and remains silent on her end of the receiver. Then, when she faints, Marilyn discovers that she is pregnant with a third child. To James’s delight, she reunites with the family.
Prior to Marilyn’s return, Lydia was no more special a child than Nath. However, when Marilyn learns that Lydia made the Betty Crocker cookbook vanish, she begins to dote on Lydia and transfers her aspirations of a medical career onto her daughter. She pays attention to Lydia at the expense of Nath, continually attending to Lydia’s education.
Nath is so upset by Lydia’s new centrality that he pushes Lydia, who cannot swim, into the lake. Then, fearing the prospect of life alone, he jumps in and saves her. The lake incident is their secret. Nath does not know the sense of relief that Lydia feels in nearly drowning because “the weight of everything tilting toward her was too much” (154).
Ten years after Marilyn’s disappearance, Lydia is still at the center of the Lee family. She becomes the stand-in for her mother’s career dreams and her father’s aspirations to popularity. Nath’s academic achievements and interest in aerophysics are overlooked, while neglected Hannah stays “out of sight as well as out of mind, to ensure the terrain of the family did not change” (161).
Lydia, who was made to attend college science programs over the summer and moved up to junior-level physics, finds that she is failing the class. Marilyn attempts to motivate her by sticking the failed quiz to the fridge and exerting further control over her studies. Meanwhile, knowing that James wishes her to be popular, Lydia, who is friendless, pretends to talk to girls from school on the telephone whenever her father passes by.
Nath used to help Lydia by half-joking that “too much love was better than too little” (168). However, when his parents overlook Nath’s achievement of getting into Harvard in their flurry of concern over Lydia’s schoolwork and social life, he purposefully distances himself from Lydia.
Feeling lost, Lydia subsequently determines to befriend Jack Wolff, who is in her physics class. A chief motivator in her choice is the enmity between Nath and Jack. She rides around in Jack’s car when she is supposed to be doing her homework, and she answers his frank questions about being the only non-White girl in school. She replies that “people decide what you’re like before they get to know you” (193).
Weeks after Lydia’s death, James struggles with his mental health and finds repeated refuge in Louisa’s bed. Upon returning from Louisa’s house, James runs into Nath. Feeling guilty about his whereabouts, James lashes out at his son, who notices that he smells like a woman’s perfume.
The telephone rings, and it is Officer Fiske, who tells James that they concluded that suicide was the cause of Lydia’s death and that the investigation is closed. When Marilyn overhears, she furiously says that “if she were a white girl, they’d keep looking” (202). A disillusioned James retorts that were Lydia white, “none of this would ever have happened” because she would have fit in (202). He adds that Marilyn’s mother was right after all—she should have married a White man.
James then drives off to find Louisa, “a woman just like him,” and feels a sad sense of homecoming when he eats the char siu bau buns she prepares (205). He tells Louisa that he should have married a woman like her, and she believes that he will leave his wife for her.
Hannah hears Nath call Officer Fiske and mention Jack’s name. She believes that Jack is innocent. During an outing at the lake last summer, she witnessed a drop of water fall from Nath’s shoulder onto Jack’s hand, and Jack “raised his hand to his mouth and touched his tongue to it as if it were honey” (211). Hannah knows that someone capable of such adoration would not harm any of them.
Meanwhile, Marilyn thinks about what James said earlier and realizes that while she repressed her mother’s comment about their unsuitability, James dwelled on it. James does not come home that night, so the next morning, a furious Nath tells his mother that he thinks James is at Louisa’s. Marilyn finds Louisa in the telephone directory and drives over to her place. When Louisa answers the door, Marilyn tells her that she is looking for her husband and that Louisa should tell him that he will find her at home.
In the middle chapters we learn how Lydia became the stand-in for Marilyn’s dreams of a medical career and James’s dreams of social acceptance. While in the first third of the novel, the more Chinese-looking children, Nath and Hannah, assume that Lydia’s Whiter appearance inspired this preferential treatment, the middle third sets her centrality as an arbitrary factor that had more to do with Marilyn’s disappearance 10 years before Lydia’s own. A runaway Marilyn finds that another pregnancy gets in the way of her second attempt at becoming a doctor and returns home. There, when Lydia tells her that she “lost” the Betty Crocker cookbook that tied Marilyn’s own mother to the kitchen, Marilyn engages in a fantasy of “her daughter tossing the cookbook onto the grass and stomping it into the mud with her shiny Mary Janes and walking away” (147). Marilyn takes the disappeared cookbook, (which Lydia has secretly stashed away in her room) as a a sign that Lydia should inherit Marilyn’s aspirations to a career in science. James promotes Lydia’s centrality in a way that answers his own insecurities about fitting in. He transfers his hopes away from Nath, who he feels resembles him to an uncomfortable degree, and onto Lydia, who more closely resembles his all-American-looking wife.
The first time Ng exposes us to Lydia’s perspective is in Chapter 5, when she makes the silent promise that if her mother returns, she will “do everything her mother wanted” (137). Thus, it is the fear of losing her mother that causes Lydia to erase herself to fulfill her parents’ wishes. While Nath is initially jealous, pushing Lydia into the lake perhaps as an unconscious means of getting rid of her, he then saves her, as they both realize that the charade of her centrality and his marginalization will keep their family together. The disturbing feeling of relief that Lydia experiences in the moments when she is submerged in lake water indicates that she already feels burdened by her parents’ expectations and craves release from them. This incident is an ominous foreshadowing of Lydia’s visit to the lake a decade later, when there is no one to pull her out.
Some equilibrium is reached over the next decade, with everyone in the family knowing their roles so well that Hannah grows accustomed to being nearly invisible and Nath jokes to Lydia that constant doting is better than consistent neglect or criticism. However, in the months leading up to Lydia’s death, the balance becomes strained. Lydia, who is approaching her 16th birthday, increasingly feels the pressure of pretending to be someone she is not, while Nath, who has just gotten into Harvard, is resentful that his parents largely continue to ignore him. As the relationship between Nath and Lydia falters, Lydia takes revenge by befriending Jack Wolff, whom she knows her brother hates. While Nath suspects Jack of playing a role in Lydia’s death, readers come to trust him through the precocious Hannah, who observes Jack’s “one-way deep adoration” for Nath (211). The fact of Jack’s desire for Nath builds suspense as to the nature of Lydia and Jack’s relationship and further cements the idea that the familial pressures on Lydia led to her death. Hannah’s astute observation also enables the reader to understand her value, despite her family’s “fleeting” moments of forgetting “that she existed” (161). Ng thus paves the way for Hannah’s flourishing in the novel’s final section.
In this middle section the topic of racism also emerges, as James is crushed by newspaper articles reporting the fact of his daughter’s isolation. This, combined with Marilyn’s triggering comments alluding to the racial difference between them, drives James further into Louisa’s arms. Louisa’s eagerness to please, in addition to her resemblance to James, provides an easy comfort that his own mixed-race family cannot. When James tells Louisa that she is “the kind of girl” he should have married, the operative word is “kind,” meaning genre (205). James thus imagines an alternative life for himself, a simpler life in which he sticks to his own “kind” and does not have mixed-race children. Meanwhile, Marilyn, who has been shielded by James’s silence and her own White privilege, wakes up to the fact of James’s discomfort, as she confronts the mistress who she considers shy, docile, and “as far from [her …] as a girl could be” (215). Marilyn comes face-to-face with James’s alternative reality, just as he came face-to-face with hers when she abandoned the family to pursue her medical ambitions.
By Celeste Ng